Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.4
Zemriyetti, S. Mayly, Refnizuida, R. Girsang, B. Hidayat
Indonesia is an agricultural country in the tropics, so agricultural waste appears and becomes one of the problems in the agricultural sector. These organic materials had good potential used as feedstock for biochar. Biochar is a solid material that is formed by the thermal degradation of organic materials in an oxygen-limited environment. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and structure of biochar from Cassava pulp, Sugarcane baggase and coconut husk. Its characterization included Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Biochar produced cassava pulp has the highest nutrient content, especially C, Ca, Mg, organic matter, ash, pH, but the lowest content of K, Na, Al Sugar care baggase biochar has the highest nutrient content of P, Na, S, Al, EC but lowest content of C, N, Ca, Mg, organic matter. Coconut husk biochar has the highest nutrient content of N, K but the lowest content of P.
{"title":"Characterization Biochar Properties from Waste of Cassava, Sugarcane, and Coconut","authors":"Zemriyetti, S. Mayly, Refnizuida, R. Girsang, B. Hidayat","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is an agricultural country in the tropics, so agricultural waste appears and becomes one of the problems in the agricultural sector. These organic materials had good potential used as feedstock for biochar. Biochar is a solid material that is formed by the thermal degradation of organic materials in an oxygen-limited environment. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and structure of biochar from Cassava pulp, Sugarcane baggase and coconut husk. Its characterization included Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Biochar produced cassava pulp has the highest nutrient content, especially C, Ca, Mg, organic matter, ash, pH, but the lowest content of K, Na, Al Sugar care baggase biochar has the highest nutrient content of P, Na, S, Al, EC but lowest content of C, N, Ca, Mg, organic matter. Coconut husk biochar has the highest nutrient content of N, K but the lowest content of P.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113987953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.2
Abdelatif Rajji, A. Wafik, A. Najine, Amroumoussa Benmoussa
The application of specialized natural hazard mapping is an absolute necessity for the management and prevention of natural hazard events. This paper treats the description of all the procedures carried out in order to produce a map of vulnerability and susceptibility to cave-ins, calculated and evaluated by the multicriteria method (AHP) and by using the GIS tool in the old Medina of Beni Mellal, which is recognized from time to time by cave-ins. The objective of this study is to develop a new method for analyzing the vulnerability of cavities to collapse, which presents a real risk in the urban area of the old cities. The methodology, applied to the old city of Beni-Mellal, consists in identifying and quantifying the stakes linked to the collapse of a cavity using a geographic information system. The weight of each parameter and factor exposed in the vulnerability was estimated using the hierarchical multicriteria method (AHP). The result is presented in the form of a spatialized and synthetic vulnerability map. The detection, mapping and assessment of areas vulnerable to the collapse of these cavities, particularly for large areas of the city, offers the possibility of reducing damage by intervening upstream and introducing preventive and corrective measures against any risk of collapse in the areas deemed vulnerable by our study. The maps show three zones with different degrees of vulnerability. The low and medium vulnerability zones occupy respectively 30 and 20% of the total area of the old city, while the high and very high vulnerability zones occupy respectively 16% and 4%.
{"title":"Assessment of the Vulnerability to Potential Collapse of Buildings in the Old Medina of Beni-Mellal-MOROCCO","authors":"Abdelatif Rajji, A. Wafik, A. Najine, Amroumoussa Benmoussa","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The application of specialized natural hazard mapping is an absolute necessity for the management and prevention of natural hazard events. This paper treats the description of all the procedures carried out in order to produce a map of vulnerability and susceptibility to cave-ins, calculated and evaluated by the multicriteria method (AHP) and by using the GIS tool in the old Medina of Beni Mellal, which is recognized from time to time by cave-ins. The objective of this study is to develop a new method for analyzing the vulnerability of cavities to collapse, which presents a real risk in the urban area of the old cities. The methodology, applied to the old city of Beni-Mellal, consists in identifying and quantifying the stakes linked to the collapse of a cavity using a geographic information system. The weight of each parameter and factor exposed in the vulnerability was estimated using the hierarchical multicriteria method (AHP). The result is presented in the form of a spatialized and synthetic vulnerability map. The detection, mapping and assessment of areas vulnerable to the collapse of these cavities, particularly for large areas of the city, offers the possibility of reducing damage by intervening upstream and introducing preventive and corrective measures against any risk of collapse in the areas deemed vulnerable by our study. The maps show three zones with different degrees of vulnerability. The low and medium vulnerability zones occupy respectively 30 and 20% of the total area of the old city, while the high and very high vulnerability zones occupy respectively 16% and 4%.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126652927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-14DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.1
Gusti Rusmayadi, U. Salawati, D. Adriani
The determining factor for the success of agricultural cultivation in tidal swampland is water availability, which fluctuates throughout the plant's growth. The availability of water for oranges has a significant role in the final production of the product. In Indonesia, there are three types of rain patterns with variations in the growing season related to water availability: the rainy season between October and March and the dry season between April and September. Climate extremes such as drought (El-Niño) and wetness (La-Niña) fluctuate dynamically, impact shifts at the beginning and end of the growing season, and hurt citrus crop productivity. Therefore, an analysis of rice planting time in tidal swampland in Barito Kuala under extreme climatic events was carried out. The research was conducted in September – December 2020 with the survey method. The data was dug in-depth on the research respondents: citrus farmers, fruit traders, and related agencies. The number of samples was 90 people (45 male farmers and 45 female farmers). Two different villages were surveyed in each sub-district according to the type of tidal land, namely Marabahan sub-district (SP1 village and SP2 village), type A, Mandastana (Karang Indah village and Karang Bunga village) type B, and Cerbon sub-district. (Village of Simpang Nungki and Sungai Kambat) Type C. Planting time in tidal land begins after the amount of rainwater is sufficient to dissolve the iron content in the water. The probability of an El-Niño occurrence with an intensity of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years has the highest frequency of occurrence—respectively 3, 3, 5, and 3 times with probability around 16.7% to 27.8%. Meanwhile, La-Nia with an intensity of once a year with the highest frequency eight times with a 40.0% chance. La-Nia events coexist with El-Nio 15 times, and generally, El-Nio precedes La-Nia by about 44%. The cropping pattern in tidal swampland shows high resistance to climate change. Namely, the planting time has not changed much for decades under different climatic conditions.
{"title":"Impact of Extreme Climate on Orage Farming Surjan System in Botola","authors":"Gusti Rusmayadi, U. Salawati, D. Adriani","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The determining factor for the success of agricultural cultivation in tidal swampland is water availability, which fluctuates throughout the plant's growth. The availability of water for oranges has a significant role in the final production of the product. In Indonesia, there are three types of rain patterns with variations in the growing season related to water availability: the rainy season between October and March and the dry season between April and September. Climate extremes such as drought (El-Niño) and wetness (La-Niña) fluctuate dynamically, impact shifts at the beginning and end of the growing season, and hurt citrus crop productivity. Therefore, an analysis of rice planting time in tidal swampland in Barito Kuala under extreme climatic events was carried out. The research was conducted in September – December 2020 with the survey method. The data was dug in-depth on the research respondents: citrus farmers, fruit traders, and related agencies. The number of samples was 90 people (45 male farmers and 45 female farmers). Two different villages were surveyed in each sub-district according to the type of tidal land, namely Marabahan sub-district (SP1 village and SP2 village), type A, Mandastana (Karang Indah village and Karang Bunga village) type B, and Cerbon sub-district. (Village of Simpang Nungki and Sungai Kambat) Type C. Planting time in tidal land begins after the amount of rainwater is sufficient to dissolve the iron content in the water. The probability of an El-Niño occurrence with an intensity of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years has the highest frequency of occurrence—respectively 3, 3, 5, and 3 times with probability around 16.7% to 27.8%. Meanwhile, La-Nia with an intensity of once a year with the highest frequency eight times with a 40.0% chance. La-Nia events coexist with El-Nio 15 times, and generally, El-Nio precedes La-Nia by about 44%. The cropping pattern in tidal swampland shows high resistance to climate change. Namely, the planting time has not changed much for decades under different climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116562087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.11
A. H. Sinaga, R. Sinaga, R. Girsang
The research aims to know the effect of factors of production on the production of lettuce farming, to determine the level of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of the use of production factors of lettuce farming and to determine the level of profit that can result from lettuce farming. The reason for choosing the area was because the majority of the population were cultivating lettuce plants. The results showed that: the influence of production inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and land area) significantly influence the production of lettuce farming. The level of efficiency in the use of production factors (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and equipment) has not been technical, price, and economically efficient. Net income per farmer amounted to Rp. 2,608,062.,63, per month amounted to Rp. 869,354. 21 when compared to the UMK of Rp. 2,829,558, the income of lettuce farming in the study area was relatively low.
{"title":"Analysis of Lettuce (Lactuva Sativa L) Farming Efficiency, Jaranguda Village, Merdeka District, Karo Regency","authors":"A. H. Sinaga, R. Sinaga, R. Girsang","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to know the effect of factors of production on the production of lettuce farming, to determine the level of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of the use of production factors of lettuce farming and to determine the level of profit that can result from lettuce farming. The reason for choosing the area was because the majority of the population were cultivating lettuce plants. The results showed that: the influence of production inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and land area) significantly influence the production of lettuce farming. The level of efficiency in the use of production factors (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and equipment) has not been technical, price, and economically efficient. Net income per farmer amounted to Rp. 2,608,062.,63, per month amounted to Rp. 869,354. 21 when compared to the UMK of Rp. 2,829,558, the income of lettuce farming in the study area was relatively low.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130440683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.9
Adam Abdeljalil, S. Nabil, Mamouni Rachid
This study aims to guarantee that all anticipated emergencies are effectively planned, reviewed, and the necessary equipment and resources are made publicly available to prevent and reduce environmental damage in the event of emergencies for industrial sites. This research aims to ensure that all necessary steps are taken to protect the company's staff, contractors, the environment, neighbouring communities, and assets in the event of a catastrophic leak. It could also serve as a baseline for the industrial site and its subcontractors. Additional measures could be included to improve good practices; The Emergency Preparedness Strategy programs are broad action plans for dealing with situations that may arise at a facility or in the surrounding community. In the event of an emergency at an industrial site, this will allow lives to be saved and property damage to be minimized.
{"title":"Contribution to Developing an Environmental Emergency Response for Industrial Sites","authors":"Adam Abdeljalil, S. Nabil, Mamouni Rachid","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to guarantee that all anticipated emergencies are effectively planned, reviewed, and the necessary equipment and resources are made publicly available to prevent and reduce environmental damage in the event of emergencies for industrial sites. This research aims to ensure that all necessary steps are taken to protect the company's staff, contractors, the environment, neighbouring communities, and assets in the event of a catastrophic leak. It could also serve as a baseline for the industrial site and its subcontractors. Additional measures could be included to improve good practices; The Emergency Preparedness Strategy programs are broad action plans for dealing with situations that may arise at a facility or in the surrounding community. In the event of an emergency at an industrial site, this will allow lives to be saved and property damage to be minimized.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117076629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.10
A. Gourfi, L. Daoudi, Abdelhafid El Alaoui El Fels, A. Rafik, Salifou Noma Adamou, Ayoub Lazaar
Morocco ranks among countries with the greatest achievements in the field of dams in Africa but is affected by the sedimentation phenomenon due to soil erosion in upstreams. The assessment of Sediment Yield (SY) and Suspended Sediment Yield (SSY) remains a challenging global issue, especially in Morocco, characterized by a great diversity of morphological, climatic, and vegetation cover. The main objective of this paper was to perform advanced statistics and artificial neural networks (ANN) in order to understand the spatial distribution of sediment yield and the factors most controlling it, including factors of the RUSLE model (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation). In order to produce a model able to assess SY, we collected and analyzed extensive data of most variables that can be affecting SY using 42 catchments of the biggest and important dams of Morocco. Statistical analysis of the studied watersheds shows that SY is mainly related to the watershed area and the length of the drainage network. On the other hand, the SSY is higher in watersheds where gully erosion is abundant and lower in areas with no soil horizon. The SSY is mainly related to the altitude, aridity index, sand fraction, and drainage network length. In front of the complexity of preserving this phenomenon, the ANN was applied and gave very good satisfactory results in predicting the SSY (NSE=0.93, R2=0.93).
{"title":"The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Advanced Statistics to Model Sediment Yield on a Large Scale: Example of Morocco","authors":"A. Gourfi, L. Daoudi, Abdelhafid El Alaoui El Fels, A. Rafik, Salifou Noma Adamou, Ayoub Lazaar","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco ranks among countries with the greatest achievements in the field of dams in Africa but is affected by the sedimentation phenomenon due to soil erosion in upstreams. The assessment of Sediment Yield (SY) and Suspended Sediment Yield (SSY) remains a challenging global issue, especially in Morocco, characterized by a great diversity of morphological, climatic, and vegetation cover. The main objective of this paper was to perform advanced statistics and artificial neural networks (ANN) in order to understand the spatial distribution of sediment yield and the factors most controlling it, including factors of the RUSLE model (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation). In order to produce a model able to assess SY, we collected and analyzed extensive data of most variables that can be affecting SY using 42 catchments of the biggest and important dams of Morocco. Statistical analysis of the studied watersheds shows that SY is mainly related to the watershed area and the length of the drainage network. On the other hand, the SSY is higher in watersheds where gully erosion is abundant and lower in areas with no soil horizon. The SSY is mainly related to the altitude, aridity index, sand fraction, and drainage network length. In front of the complexity of preserving this phenomenon, the ANN was applied and gave very good satisfactory results in predicting the SSY (NSE=0.93, R2=0.93).","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.7
F. C. Dewi, Sumiyati Tuhuteru, A. Aladin, Dan Setiyawati Yani
This study aims to determine the yield and quality of liquid smoke in the form of pH values, acid levels, and phenol levels from the burning of red fruit seed waste as raw material for grade 3 liquid smoke using pyrolysis equipment. Liquid smoke is used as an alternative food preservative and flavor enhancer that it can use in the food processing industry to minimize the use of harmful preservatives such as formalin. But it also can be used as a biopesticide in agriculture so that it becomes an alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling pests. It was researched at the Research Laboratory of the Chemical Engineering Department FTI UMI Makassar in July 2020 and the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Petra Baliem Wamena Agricultural Science College in April 2021. The research activity began by making grade 3 liquid smoke because liquid smoke can be used as a biopesticide at this level. Then proceed with the analysis of the chemical and physical content of liquid smoke. The research method used was an experimental method with six replications on the amount of red fruit seed waste 500 g, 1000 g, and 1500 g. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures ranging from 300-400ºC for 180 minutes. The results of the observations from the tests carried out showed that the liquid smoke of red fruit seed waste produced was more in the weight or quantity of red fruit seed waste 1000 g was BM2 treatment which had a pH value of 3.35, the acid content of 14.20%, total phenol content of 4.91%, quite brown. Thick and smells like liquid smoke. The high levels of acid ranging from 13.73-14.20% and high levels of phenol ranging from 4.91-5.11% compared to previous studies with raw materials for liquid smoke of rice husks, coconut shells, and organic waste, made the liquid smoke of red fruit seed waste as a biopesticide with repellant and anti-inflammatory properties. Insects ate them because acids and phenols can provide an aromatic that insects do not like.
{"title":"Characteristics of Liquid Smoke of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus. L.) Waste with Pyrolysis Method and Potentially as Biopesticide","authors":"F. C. Dewi, Sumiyati Tuhuteru, A. Aladin, Dan Setiyawati Yani","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the yield and quality of liquid smoke in the form of pH values, acid levels, and phenol levels from the burning of red fruit seed waste as raw material for grade 3 liquid smoke using pyrolysis equipment. Liquid smoke is used as an alternative food preservative and flavor enhancer that it can use in the food processing industry to minimize the use of harmful preservatives such as formalin. But it also can be used as a biopesticide in agriculture so that it becomes an alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling pests. It was researched at the Research Laboratory of the Chemical Engineering Department FTI UMI Makassar in July 2020 and the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Petra Baliem Wamena Agricultural Science College in April 2021. The research activity began by making grade 3 liquid smoke because liquid smoke can be used as a biopesticide at this level. Then proceed with the analysis of the chemical and physical content of liquid smoke. The research method used was an experimental method with six replications on the amount of red fruit seed waste 500 g, 1000 g, and 1500 g. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures ranging from 300-400ºC for 180 minutes. The results of the observations from the tests carried out showed that the liquid smoke of red fruit seed waste produced was more in the weight or quantity of red fruit seed waste 1000 g was BM2 treatment which had a pH value of 3.35, the acid content of 14.20%, total phenol content of 4.91%, quite brown. Thick and smells like liquid smoke. The high levels of acid ranging from 13.73-14.20% and high levels of phenol ranging from 4.91-5.11% compared to previous studies with raw materials for liquid smoke of rice husks, coconut shells, and organic waste, made the liquid smoke of red fruit seed waste as a biopesticide with repellant and anti-inflammatory properties. Insects ate them because acids and phenols can provide an aromatic that insects do not like.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116734461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-14DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.6
Stephen Chitengi Sakapaji
Climate change remains a serious global problem posing a wide range of challenges and impacts which will likely hinder the attainment of the widely discussed sustainable development goals (SDGs). The impacts and threats from a changing climate have the potential to significantly impact all sectors of the global economy and will largely be multifaceted, multidimensional, and multi-sectoral. These adverse impacts will to a greater extent, be manifested at the local and community level where the adaptability capacity is weak and resources are scarce. In the last two decades, there has been growing support and evidence that suggests that local people and communities in partnership with their local governments and NGOs are undertaking community ecological based adaptation (CEBA) practices at both the local and community level which are enhancing their adaptability and resilience capacities to a changing climate. CEBA mechanisms are initiatives and practices that local and rural communities across the developing world are sometimes adopting in partnership with their local government and non-governmental organizations to adapt to a changing climate. However, over the years, these initiatives, experiments, and activities have been poorly actualized, communicated, and there is uncertainty on whether these practices and mechanisms are enhancing the adaptability and resilience capacities of the many poor people in these communities. It is from this background that this paper seeks to assess and analyze present and future climate change impacts on agriculture in Central Zambia and further seeks to appraise the effectiveness of CEBA mechanisms being adopted and utilized in this region. Using community assessment and rural appraisal tools this research paper found that indeed some CEBA practices are innovative and effective and are enhancing the adaptability and resilience of the local people in agriculture in this region. The paper recommends that the advancement, funding, and integration of innovative and effective CEBA practices with scientific knowledge and the ultimate replication and incorporation of these practices into developmental and climate change policies can be one of the most beneficial and effective ways for a sustainable, adaptive, and resilient agriculture sector in the face of a changing and unpredictable climate.
{"title":"An Integrated Assessment of Community Ecological Based Adaptation (CEBA) Options in Agriculture for Climate Change Adaptation, Resilience Building and Sustainability in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Central Zambia","authors":"Stephen Chitengi Sakapaji","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change remains a serious global problem posing a wide range of challenges and impacts which will likely hinder the attainment of the widely discussed sustainable development goals (SDGs). The impacts and threats from a changing climate have the potential to significantly impact all sectors of the global economy and will largely be multifaceted, multidimensional, and multi-sectoral. These adverse impacts will to a greater extent, be manifested at the local and community level where the adaptability capacity is weak and resources are scarce. In the last two decades, there has been growing support and evidence that suggests that local people and communities in partnership with their local governments and NGOs are undertaking community ecological based adaptation (CEBA) practices at both the local and community level which are enhancing their adaptability and resilience capacities to a changing climate. CEBA mechanisms are initiatives and practices that local and rural communities across the developing world are sometimes adopting in partnership with their local government and non-governmental organizations to adapt to a changing climate. However, over the years, these initiatives, experiments, and activities have been poorly actualized, communicated, and there is uncertainty on whether these practices and mechanisms are enhancing the adaptability and resilience capacities of the many poor people in these communities. It is from this background that this paper seeks to assess and analyze present and future climate change impacts on agriculture in Central Zambia and further seeks to appraise the effectiveness of CEBA mechanisms being adopted and utilized in this region. Using community assessment and rural appraisal tools this research paper found that indeed some CEBA practices are innovative and effective and are enhancing the adaptability and resilience of the local people in agriculture in this region. The paper recommends that the advancement, funding, and integration of innovative and effective CEBA practices with scientific knowledge and the ultimate replication and incorporation of these practices into developmental and climate change policies can be one of the most beneficial and effective ways for a sustainable, adaptive, and resilient agriculture sector in the face of a changing and unpredictable climate.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128409390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.5
H. Ismail, A. Farouq, A. Rabah, A. Muhammad, R. Aliyu
Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination remains a major challenge confronting soil health, environmental sustainability, and food security in oil exploration areas. In this study, the effect of Bonny Light crude oil on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) was investigated with a view to assessing its toxicity to plant growth and performance. Pristine soil samples were collected in different pots and contaminated with crude oil to achieve 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% v/w contamination levels. Viable seeds of cowpea were planted and monitored for the emergence and subsequent growth for a period of 12 weeks. Results showed that the crude oil extended the period of seed germination and delayed the emergence of sprouts by 2 days at a rate of 96.7%, 80.0%, 50.0%, 96.7%, and 73.3% emergence respectively. The plants’ shoots, roots, and leaves lengths were longer in control than in the contaminated soil. Phytotoxicity study showed that shoots, roots and leaves lengths of the plants were significantly reduced by ≥ 50% of the control. The relative plants' weights, chlorophyll, and the number of leaves were worst affected especially in plants grown in higher crude oil concentrations where fewer or absence of leaves was observed at the end of the experiments. No yield parameter was observed in all plants grown in contaminated soil as opposed to the control where flowers, fruits, and seeds were produced. The findings illustrated that the growth rate of V. unguiculata was severely affected due to hydrocarbon contamination in a concentration-dependent manner. It further demonstrated the imminent danger to food security especially in frontier basins with impending oil exploration activities. Therefore, there is a need to identify and integrate effective measures that minimize or prevent oil spillage in the course of oil exploration activities with a view to avoiding the repeat of persistent pollution problems disturbing host communities.
石油烃污染仍然是石油勘探地区土壤健康、环境可持续性和粮食安全面临的主要挑战。本试验研究了Bonny轻质原油对豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)生长和生产性能的影响。在不同的容器中收集原始土壤样品，并将原油污染，达到0.0%，2.5%，5.0%，7.5%和10.0% v/w的污染水平。播种豇豆活籽，监测其萌发和生长情况，为期12周。结果表明，原油能延长种子发芽期，使出芽时间延迟2 d，出芽率分别为96.7%、80.0%、50.0%、96.7%和73.3%。对照植物的芽、根和叶的长度都比污染土壤中的长。植物毒性研究表明，这些植物的茎、根和叶的长度比对照显著减少≥50%。相对植株的重量、叶绿素和叶片数量受到的影响最严重，尤其是在高原油浓度下生长的植株，在实验结束时观察到叶片减少或缺失。在污染土壤中种植的所有植物没有观察到产量参数，而在生产花、果实和种子的对照中则没有观察到产量参数。结果表明，烃类污染严重影响马蹄疫的生长速度，并呈浓度依赖性。它进一步表明粮食安全面临迫在眉睫的危险，特别是在即将进行石油勘探活动的边境盆地。因此，有必要确定和综合有效措施，尽量减少或防止石油勘探活动过程中的石油泄漏，以避免再次出现困扰当地社区的持续污染问题。
{"title":"Effect of Soil Contamination with Crude Petroleum on Cowpea: An Insight into the Prospects of Crop Production in Nigerian Frontier Basins","authors":"H. Ismail, A. Farouq, A. Rabah, A. Muhammad, R. Aliyu","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination remains a major challenge confronting soil health, environmental sustainability, and food security in oil exploration areas. In this study, the effect of Bonny Light crude oil on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) was investigated with a view to assessing its toxicity to plant growth and performance. Pristine soil samples were collected in different pots and contaminated with crude oil to achieve 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% v/w contamination levels. Viable seeds of cowpea were planted and monitored for the emergence and subsequent growth for a period of 12 weeks. Results showed that the crude oil extended the period of seed germination and delayed the emergence of sprouts by 2 days at a rate of 96.7%, 80.0%, 50.0%, 96.7%, and 73.3% emergence respectively. The plants’ shoots, roots, and leaves lengths were longer in control than in the contaminated soil. Phytotoxicity study showed that shoots, roots and leaves lengths of the plants were significantly reduced by ≥ 50% of the control. The relative plants' weights, chlorophyll, and the number of leaves were worst affected especially in plants grown in higher crude oil concentrations where fewer or absence of leaves was observed at the end of the experiments. No yield parameter was observed in all plants grown in contaminated soil as opposed to the control where flowers, fruits, and seeds were produced. The findings illustrated that the growth rate of V. unguiculata was severely affected due to hydrocarbon contamination in a concentration-dependent manner. It further demonstrated the imminent danger to food security especially in frontier basins with impending oil exploration activities. Therefore, there is a need to identify and integrate effective measures that minimize or prevent oil spillage in the course of oil exploration activities with a view to avoiding the repeat of persistent pollution problems disturbing host communities.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122750593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.4
Mei LINDA SIPAYUNG, Theodora MV Nainggolan, Tiurmaida Nainggolan
This study aims to determine: To determine the development of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) production over the last 5 years, to determine the availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) for the development of Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica, for knowing the relationship between the availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) in the previous year to the production of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica), and to determine the business sustainability index of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) viewed from the economic, social aspects and the environment in the research area. The research was conducted in Purba District, Simalungun Regency, where the sample size was 25 Arabica coffee farmers. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis, OLS (Ordinary Least Square), and sustainability index. The Arabica coffee production development index from 2015-2019 decreased from the total production of 555.98 tons to 497.51 tons or the index value decreased by 75The availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) for the Arabica coffee development index in the study area is available with an average value of 21.17. , fertilizers, pesticides, equipment and manpower) the calculated F value = 0.566 0.05. In partial land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor have an effect on Arabica coffee production. the average (79.27) is categorized as very sustainable.
{"title":"Coffee Business Development Index Analysis Arabica (Coffea Arabica) in Purba District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province","authors":"Mei LINDA SIPAYUNG, Theodora MV Nainggolan, Tiurmaida Nainggolan","doi":"10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine: To determine the development of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) production over the last 5 years, to determine the availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) for the development of Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica, for knowing the relationship between the availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) in the previous year to the production of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica), and to determine the business sustainability index of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) viewed from the economic, social aspects and the environment in the research area. The research was conducted in Purba District, Simalungun Regency, where the sample size was 25 Arabica coffee farmers. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis, OLS (Ordinary Least Square), and sustainability index. The Arabica coffee production development index from 2015-2019 decreased from the total production of 555.98 tons to 497.51 tons or the index value decreased by 75The availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) for the Arabica coffee development index in the study area is available with an average value of 21.17. , fertilizers, pesticides, equipment and manpower) the calculated F value = 0.566 0.05. In partial land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor have an effect on Arabica coffee production. the average (79.27) is categorized as very sustainable.","PeriodicalId":202277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134520214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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