Puranjoy Sar, Vilangapurathu S. Aiswarya, Firos T. M. Basha, Rachna Deo, Bibhash Chandra Verma, Debarati Bhaduri, Koushik Chakraborty, Umakanta Ngangkham, Amrita Banerjee, Jitendra Kumar, Nimai Prasad Mandal, Somnath Roy
The limited availability of Phosphorus (P) in the soil poses a significant challenge to of rice productivity in rainfed tropical regions. There has been a constant demand of diverse donors for enhancing tolerance to P‐deficient soils. In this study, we evaluated 181 aus rice accessions of the 3000 Rice Genome Project (3 K‐RGP) for grain yield and six other agronomical traits under control (~20 mg kg−1 available P) and low‐P (8–10 mg kg−1 available P) field trials. The objectives were to assess the level of low‐P tolerance in the aus germplasm and select stable high‐yielding accessions using stress tolerance attributes. We also surveyed the presence of PSTOL1 gene and Pup1 polymorphisms to find the effect of PSTOL1 as well as t Pup1 haplotypes on low‐P tolerance. Principal component analysis (PCA) using five stress tolerance attributes revealed that attributes like mean productivity (MP) and stress tolerance index (STI) are useful for selecting high‐yielding accessions with stable yield under stress and control conditions. Notably, accessions like Kalabokari, Devarasi, ARC 12021, Jasure Aus, ARC 7336 and ARC 12101 had higher level of tolerance than the check varieties Vandana and Sahbhagi Dhan. Majority of aus accessions carried the PSTOL1 gene (73%) and had the tolerant haplotype of Pup1 (65%) like the tolerant checks. Although, at large, the PSTOL1‐positive accessions were more vigorous, and high yielding under low‐P, there were a few PSTOL1‐negative aus accessions showing higher level of tolerance. The findings suggest that non‐PSTOL1 type tolerance exists in aus rice which needs to be substantiated through further studies.
土壤中有限的磷（P）供应对热带雨养地区的水稻生产力构成了巨大挑战。一直以来，人们都需要不同的供体来提高对缺磷土壤的耐受性。在本研究中，我们评估了 3000 水稻基因组计划（3 K-RGP）的 181 个水稻品种在对照（约 20 毫克/千克可用磷）和低磷（8-10 毫克/千克可用磷）田间试验中的谷物产量和其他六个农艺性状。目的是评估 AUS 种质的低 P 耐受水平，并利用抗逆特性筛选出稳定的高产品种。我们还调查了 PSTOL1 基因和 Pup1 的多态性，以发现 PSTOL1 和 t Pup1 单倍型对耐低 P 能力的影响。利用五个抗逆性属性进行的主成分分析（PCA）显示，平均生产力（MP）和抗逆性指数（STI）等属性有助于筛选出在抗逆和对照条件下产量稳定的高产品种。值得注意的是，Kalabokari、Devarasi、ARC 12021、Jasure Aus、ARC 7336 和 ARC 12101 等品种的抗逆性高于对照品种 Vandana 和 Sahbhagi Dhan。与耐受性对照品种一样，大多数 AUS 品种携带 PSTOL1 基因（73%），并具有 Pup1 的耐受性单倍型（65%）。虽然从总体上看，PSTOL1 阳性的品种在低 P 条件下生命力更强、产量更高，但也有少数 PSTOL1 阴性的 aus 品种表现出更高的耐受性。研究结果表明，水稻中存在非 PSTOL1 类型的耐受性，这需要通过进一步研究加以证实。
{"title":"Exploring phosphorus starvation tolerance in as (Oryza sativa L.) rice: An analysis of stress tolerance attributes and understanding the effect of PSTOL1 gene","authors":"Puranjoy Sar, Vilangapurathu S. Aiswarya, Firos T. M. Basha, Rachna Deo, Bibhash Chandra Verma, Debarati Bhaduri, Koushik Chakraborty, Umakanta Ngangkham, Amrita Banerjee, Jitendra Kumar, Nimai Prasad Mandal, Somnath Roy","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13173","url":null,"abstract":"The limited availability of Phosphorus (P) in the soil poses a significant challenge to of rice productivity in rainfed tropical regions. There has been a constant demand of diverse donors for enhancing tolerance to P‐deficient soils. In this study, we evaluated 181 <jats:italic>aus</jats:italic> rice accessions of the 3000 Rice Genome Project (3 K‐RGP) for grain yield and six other agronomical traits under control (~20 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> available P) and low‐P (8–10 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> available P) field trials. The objectives were to assess the level of low‐P tolerance in the <jats:italic>aus</jats:italic> germplasm and select stable high‐yielding accessions using stress tolerance attributes. We also surveyed the presence of <jats:italic>PSTOL1</jats:italic> gene and <jats:italic>Pup1</jats:italic> polymorphisms to find the effect of <jats:italic>PSTOL1</jats:italic> as well as t <jats:italic>Pup1</jats:italic> haplotypes on low‐P tolerance. Principal component analysis (PCA) using five stress tolerance attributes revealed that attributes like mean productivity (MP) and stress tolerance index (STI) are useful for selecting high‐yielding accessions with stable yield under stress and control conditions. Notably, accessions like Kalabokari, Devarasi, ARC 12021, Jasure Aus, ARC 7336 and ARC 12101 had higher level of tolerance than the check varieties Vandana and Sahbhagi Dhan. Majority of <jats:italic>aus</jats:italic> accessions carried the <jats:italic>PSTOL1</jats:italic> gene (73%) and had the tolerant haplotype of <jats:italic>Pup1</jats:italic> (65%) like the tolerant checks. Although, at large, the <jats:italic>PSTOL1‐</jats:italic>positive accessions were more vigorous, and high yielding under low‐P, there were a few <jats:italic>PSTOL1</jats:italic>‐negative <jats:italic>aus</jats:italic> accessions showing higher level of tolerance. The findings suggest that non‐<jats:italic>PSTOL1</jats:italic> type tolerance exists <jats:italic>in</jats:italic> aus rice which needs to be substantiated through further studies.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weakness was observed in the F1 hybrids of crosses between Capsicum annuum × Capsicum chinense or C. annuum × Capsicum frutescens. This phenomenon is morphologically characterized by the cessation of new leaf development approximately 30 days after germination (DAG). We wondered why this phenomenon appeared in the middle of growth and studied the relationship between Capsicum hybrid weakness and the juvenile‐to‐adult (JA) phase transition. Traits that changed during the early vegetative phase in both parents were the petiole/leaf length ratio, number of leaf lateral veins and stomata, colour of epidermal cells in leaves stained with toluidine blue and expression of miR156 and miR172. Based on the changes observed during the early vegetative phase, C. annuum and C. chinense were transferred to the adult phase 28 DAG. However, the F1 hybrids did not show characteristics of the adult phase at any time point. Furthermore, the phenotypes of hybrid weakness were observed at approximately 35 DAG, when F1 hybrids were presumed to reach the JA transition phase. It has been suggested that the JA transition is involved in Capsicum hybrid weakness.
在辣椒（Capsicum annuum）×辣椒（Capsicum chinense）或辣椒（C. annuum）×辣椒（Capsicum frutescens）杂交的 F1 代杂交种中观察到了弱化现象。这种现象的形态特征是新叶在发芽后约 30 天（DAG）停止生长。我们想知道为什么这种现象会出现在生长中期，并研究了辣椒杂种优势与幼苗到成苗（JA）阶段过渡之间的关系。两个亲本的叶柄/叶片长度比、叶片侧脉和气孔数量、甲苯胺蓝染色的叶片表皮细胞颜色以及 miR156 和 miR172 的表达等性状在无性繁殖初期发生了变化。根据在无性繁殖初期观察到的变化，C. annuum 和 C. chinense 被转入成株期 28 DAG。然而，F1 杂交种在任何时间点都没有表现出成虫期的特征。此外，在大约 35 DAG 时观察到杂交弱的表型，此时 F1 杂交种被推定达到 JA 过渡阶段。有人认为，JA 转换与辣椒杂种优势弱有关。
{"title":"Abnormalities in juvenile‐to‐adult transition are associated with hybrid weakness in chili pepper (Capsicum)","authors":"Kumpei Shiragaki, Shuji Yokoi, Takahiro Tezuka","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13174","url":null,"abstract":"Weakness was observed in the F<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> hybrids of crosses between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Capsicum annuum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> × <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Capsicum chinense</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. annuum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> × <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Capsicum frutescens</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>. This phenomenon is morphologically characterized by the cessation of new leaf development approximately 30 days after germination (DAG). We wondered why this phenomenon appeared in the middle of growth and studied the relationship between <jats:italic>Capsicum</jats:italic> hybrid weakness and the juvenile‐to‐adult (JA) phase transition. Traits that changed during the early vegetative phase in both parents were the petiole/leaf length ratio, number of leaf lateral veins and stomata, colour of epidermal cells in leaves stained with toluidine blue and expression of <jats:italic>miR156</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>miR172</jats:italic>. Based on the changes observed during the early vegetative phase, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. annuum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. chinense</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> were transferred to the adult phase 28 DAG. However, the F<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> hybrids did not show characteristics of the adult phase at any time point. Furthermore, the phenotypes of hybrid weakness were observed at approximately 35 DAG, when F<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> hybrids were presumed to reach the JA transition phase. It has been suggested that the JA transition is involved in <jats:italic>Capsicum</jats:italic> hybrid weakness.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Aichholz, Heiko C. Becker, Bernd Horneburg
Sweet corn breeding goals differ from grain or silage corn. Sweet corn goals focus on marketable yield including several quality traits. This study explores the effect of a single cycle of full‐sib selection and S2 selection on improving the marketable yield of an open‐pollinated sweet corn population. The selected populations were subsequently compared in four environments for several plant‐, yield‐ and quality traits relative to the original population. Analysis of variance was used to detect selection progress and indirect effects of selection. Full‐sib and S2‐selection decreased total yield. Marketable yield was decreased more by S2‐selection than by full‐sib selection. Flowering time was changed by full‐sib selection, but not by S2‐selection. Full‐sib selection improved ear quality by increasing ear length, the diameter of the ear and the number of kernel rows. S2‐selection showed no effect or a negative effect on ear quality. The application of a single cycle of selection using either method seemed inadequate for increasing marketable yield. More cycles might be necessary to make significant improvements.
{"title":"Effect of full‐sib and S2‐selection on a sweet corn population (Zea mays convar. saccharata)","authors":"Charlotte Aichholz, Heiko C. Becker, Bernd Horneburg","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13170","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet corn breeding goals differ from grain or silage corn. Sweet corn goals focus on marketable yield including several quality traits. This study explores the effect of a single cycle of full‐sib selection and S2 selection on improving the marketable yield of an open‐pollinated sweet corn population. The selected populations were subsequently compared in four environments for several plant‐, yield‐ and quality traits relative to the original population. Analysis of variance was used to detect selection progress and indirect effects of selection. Full‐sib and S2‐selection decreased total yield. Marketable yield was decreased more by S2‐selection than by full‐sib selection. Flowering time was changed by full‐sib selection, but not by S2‐selection. Full‐sib selection improved ear quality by increasing ear length, the diameter of the ear and the number of kernel rows. S2‐selection showed no effect or a negative effect on ear quality. The application of a single cycle of selection using either method seemed inadequate for increasing marketable yield. More cycles might be necessary to make significant improvements.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140804411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Hagenguth, Larissa Kanski, Hannah Kahle, Heiko C. Becker, Bernd Horneburg
Human sensory analysis is the most appropriate method for assessing the flavour of fresh market tomatoes, but it is very labour and time consuming. Therefore, sensory attributes are often neglected in early generations of breeding programmes and genetic studies, although there is a demand for tomatoes with improved flavour. In this study, the recently developed Breeders' Sensory Test was applied to an F2 mapping population derived from two parents with superior flavour. Sensory attributes, physicochemical measurements, volatiles and fruit weight were assessed in organic low‐input and hydroponic cultivation. A linkage map spanning 1070 cM was developed. In total, 71 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for the means of both cultivation systems, 61 for organic and 46 for hydroponic cultivation. A proportion of 27% of the loci were co‐localized between both cultivation systems. Nine distinct QTL clusters for flavour‐related traits were identified, including a large cluster on chromosome 6 comprising five sensory and nine volatile QTL. The sensory QTL on chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 10 and 11, partly within clusters, are recommended for marker‐assisted selection.
{"title":"Flavour improvement in early generations of fresh market tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum): I. Identification of QTL for sensory attributes, physicochemical measurements and volatile compounds","authors":"Julia Hagenguth, Larissa Kanski, Hannah Kahle, Heiko C. Becker, Bernd Horneburg","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13168","url":null,"abstract":"Human sensory analysis is the most appropriate method for assessing the flavour of fresh market tomatoes, but it is very labour and time consuming. Therefore, sensory attributes are often neglected in early generations of breeding programmes and genetic studies, although there is a demand for tomatoes with improved flavour. In this study, the recently developed Breeders' Sensory Test was applied to an F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> mapping population derived from two parents with superior flavour. Sensory attributes, physicochemical measurements, volatiles and fruit weight were assessed in organic low‐input and hydroponic cultivation. A linkage map spanning 1070 cM was developed. In total, 71 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for the means of both cultivation systems, 61 for organic and 46 for hydroponic cultivation. A proportion of 27% of the loci were co‐localized between both cultivation systems. Nine distinct QTL clusters for flavour‐related traits were identified, including a large cluster on chromosome 6 comprising five sensory and nine volatile QTL. The sensory QTL on chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 10 and 11, partly within clusters, are recommended for marker‐assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140583420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Crozier, Kayla A. Beechinor, Blake Young, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, William L. Rooney
The post-emergent herbicide options to control grasses in sorghum have historically been limited. Therefore, a mass selection program was implemented to increase the tolerance of sorghum to the broad-spectrum herbicide tembotrione. The objectives of this study are to determine (i) which observation timing and vegetative indices are most effective in assessing sorghum injury to tembotrione using unoccupied aerial system imagery and (ii) if mass selection can be used to increase the tolerance of sorghum to tembotrione. Using an unoccupied aerial system, several vegetative indices, collected at either 14 or 21 days after tembotrione application, accurately measured sorghum injury. Over four cycles of selection, tembotrione tolerance increased in a linear and consistent manner. This demonstrates that mass selection can be used as a strategy for developing herbicide tolerance in crops. The modest, but steady genetic gain indicates both the quantitative nature of the trait and sufficient heritability to improve it. Given further development, tembotrione-resistant sorghum hybrids could provide an effective means of post-emergent weed control for a range of common weeds.
{"title":"Applying unoccupied aerial systems to assess genetic gain from mass selection for tembotrione tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)","authors":"Daniel Crozier, Kayla A. Beechinor, Blake Young, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, William L. Rooney","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13167","url":null,"abstract":"The post-emergent herbicide options to control grasses in sorghum have historically been limited. Therefore, a mass selection program was implemented to increase the tolerance of sorghum to the broad-spectrum herbicide tembotrione. The objectives of this study are to determine (i) which observation timing and vegetative indices are most effective in assessing sorghum injury to tembotrione using unoccupied aerial system imagery and (ii) if mass selection can be used to increase the tolerance of sorghum to tembotrione. Using an unoccupied aerial system, several vegetative indices, collected at either 14 or 21 days after tembotrione application, accurately measured sorghum injury. Over four cycles of selection, tembotrione tolerance increased in a linear and consistent manner. This demonstrates that mass selection can be used as a strategy for developing herbicide tolerance in crops. The modest, but steady genetic gain indicates both the quantitative nature of the trait and sufficient heritability to improve it. Given further development, tembotrione-resistant sorghum hybrids could provide an effective means of post-emergent weed control for a range of common weeds.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140297434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaf length, width and angle are important traits in the architecture of maize plants. Delving into the genetic mechanisms of these traits is of utmost significance for promoting population yield. In this study, we employed the high‐generation sister lines PCU and PCM, which have significant differences in leaf morphological traits, as parental entities for the creation of F2 and F2:3 populations. Through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the traits in the three ear leaves by ICIM, 55 QTL were obtained, with six stable QTL selected across divergent populations. These QTL had physical spans ranging from 0.34 to 44.8 Mbp. Through gene annotation and qRT‐PCR, Zm00001d007382, Zm00001d035965, Zm00001d042777 and Zm00001d020641 were predicted as potential candidates for regulating maize plant architecture. The results of this study lay a foundation for analysing the genetic mechanisms of maize plant architecture traits and cloning‐related genes.
{"title":"Identifying quantitative trait locus and candidate genes for maize (Zea mays L.) plant architecture traits based on segregating populations constructed by high‐generation sister lines","authors":"Ruidong Sun, Xiaohang Zhou, Yimeng Li, Ying Liu, Xihang Liu, Mingyang Ding, Xiangling Lv, Fenghai Li","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13166","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf length, width and angle are important traits in the architecture of maize plants. Delving into the genetic mechanisms of these traits is of utmost significance for promoting population yield. In this study, we employed the high‐generation sister lines PCU and PCM, which have significant differences in leaf morphological traits, as parental entities for the creation of F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and F<jats:sub>2:3</jats:sub> populations. Through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the traits in the three ear leaves by ICIM, 55 QTL were obtained, with six stable QTL selected across divergent populations. These QTL had physical spans ranging from 0.34 to 44.8 Mbp. Through gene annotation and qRT‐PCR, <jats:italic>Zm00001d007382</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Zm00001d035965</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Zm00001d042777</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Zm00001d020641</jats:italic> were predicted as potential candidates for regulating maize plant architecture. The results of this study lay a foundation for analysing the genetic mechanisms of maize plant architecture traits and cloning‐related genes.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renan Souza, Blair Buckley, M. A. Rouf Mian, Zenglu Li
Soybean meal is the main protein source for animal feed, but it has low content of the essential amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). In this research, an exotic germplasm (PI 399000) was crossed with ‘Woodruff’ to develop an F5‐derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) population for mapping quantitative trait loci for seed composition. The population was grown in six environments, and protein, oil, Cys, and Met were determined with near‐infrared spectroscopy. RILs were genotyped with the SoySNP6K BeadChip, and 1865 SNPs were used for analysis. QTL analysis identified three loci on chromosomes (Chrs) 6, 15 and 17 in at least five environments for protein; two QTLs on Chrs 14 and 17 in all environments for oil; three QTLs on Chrs 3, 6 and 10 for Cys and Met in at least three environments; and two QTLs for seed size on Chrs 17 and 20 in all environments. Stacking of protein and Cys + Met QTLs can increase both traits simultaneously, and 13 breeding lines were identified with improved seed composition. The markers linked to the QTLs can be used to assist the development of cultivars with improved meal quality.
{"title":"Mining exotic germplasm for genetic improvement of protein quantity and quality in soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"Renan Souza, Blair Buckley, M. A. Rouf Mian, Zenglu Li","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13165","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean meal is the main protein source for animal feed, but it has low content of the essential amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). In this research, an exotic germplasm (PI 399000) was crossed with ‘Woodruff’ to develop an F<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) population for mapping quantitative trait loci for seed composition. The population was grown in six environments, and protein, oil, Cys, and Met were determined with near‐infrared spectroscopy. RILs were genotyped with the SoySNP6K BeadChip, and 1865 SNPs were used for analysis. QTL analysis identified three loci on chromosomes (Chrs) 6, 15 and 17 in at least five environments for protein; two QTLs on Chrs 14 and 17 in all environments for oil; three QTLs on Chrs 3, 6 and 10 for Cys and Met in at least three environments; and two QTLs for seed size on Chrs 17 and 20 in all environments. Stacking of protein and Cys + Met QTLs can increase both traits simultaneously, and 13 breeding lines were identified with improved seed composition. The markers linked to the QTLs can be used to assist the development of cultivars with improved meal quality.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hexaploid tritordeum [×Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas (Poaceae) nothosp. nov.; HchHchAABB] resulted from crosses between wild barley (Hordeum chilense Roem et. Schultz) and durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. Tritordeum (HT) presents interesting agronomic traits that can be transferred to cultivated wheat. Through the years, several HT lines were developed and characterised. Genomic stability and fertility are expected for advanced HT lines with multiple self‐fertilisation generations. In this work, we analysed the meiotic chromosomal pairing in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of three advanced lines of hexaploid tritordeum (HT9, HT31 and HT67) after fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) performed with genomic DNA from H. chilense and the bread wheat cloned rDNA sequence, pTa71, as probes, and characterised nine morphological and yield‐related traits for three consecutive years in adult plants. As expected, all HT lines showed regular meiotic chromosomal pairing, ensuring plant fertility as previously confirmed by the characterisation of morphological and yield‐related traits in adult plants of preceding generations. Globally, tritordeum is interesting for wheat breeding and has potential as an alternative crop.
野生大麦（Hordeum chilense Roem et. Schultz）与硬质小麦（Triticum turgidum L. ssp.硬粒小麦（HT）具有有趣的农艺性状，可以移植到栽培小麦中。多年来，已培育出多个 HT 品系并对其进行了鉴定。对于具有多代自交系的先进 HT 品系来说，基因组稳定性和繁殖力是可期待的。在这项工作中，我们以 H. chilense 的基因组 DNA 和克隆的面包小麦 rDNA 序列 pTa71 为探针，通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）分析了三株六倍体三叶小麦高级品系（HT9、HT31 和 HT67）花粉母细胞（PMC）中的减数分裂染色体配对情况，并对成年植株连续三年的九个形态和产量相关性状进行了表征。不出所料，所有 HT 品系都表现出规则的减数分裂染色体配对，确保了植株的繁殖力，这一点已在前几代成株的形态和产量相关性状表征中得到证实。在全球范围内，三叶草对小麦育种很有意义，具有作为替代作物的潜力。
{"title":"Meiotic pairing and morphological and yield characterisation of three advanced lines of hexaploid tritordeum (×Tritordeum martini)","authors":"Ana Carvalho, José Lima‐Brito","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13163","url":null,"abstract":"Hexaploid tritordeum [×<jats:italic>Tritordeum martinii</jats:italic> A. Pujadas (Poaceae) nothosp. nov.; H<jats:sup>ch</jats:sup>H<jats:sup>ch</jats:sup>AABB] resulted from crosses between wild barley (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Hordeum chilense</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> Roem et. Schultz) and durum wheat [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Triticum turgidum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. Tritordeum (HT) presents interesting agronomic traits that can be transferred to cultivated wheat. Through the years, several HT lines were developed and characterised. Genomic stability and fertility are expected for advanced HT lines with multiple self‐fertilisation generations. In this work, we analysed the meiotic chromosomal pairing in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of three advanced lines of hexaploid tritordeum (HT9, HT31 and HT67) after fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) performed with genomic DNA from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. chilense</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> and the bread wheat cloned rDNA sequence, pTa71, as probes, and characterised nine morphological and yield‐related traits for three consecutive years in adult plants. As expected, all HT lines showed regular meiotic chromosomal pairing, ensuring plant fertility as previously confirmed by the characterisation of morphological and yield‐related traits in adult plants of preceding generations. Globally, tritordeum is interesting for wheat breeding and has potential as an alternative crop.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rind colour is an important quality attribute of melon appearance. Identifying target genes and developing functional molecular markers is significant for rind colour breeding in melon. This study involved a genetic analysis of the fruit rind colours of two inbred lines: H185 (with black green melon rind) and H160 (with white rind) alongside a fruit rind colour gene, CmAPRR2. The purpose was to discover the variation sites of the CmAPRR2 gene and develop specific molecular marker for rind colour in melon. The results showed that the black green rind is dominant over white, and single gene controls the colours. A mutation of the G856T base occurred in the eighth exon of the CmAPRR2 coding DNA region in H160, suggesting that this mutation is the key factor for the white rind colour. Thus, a codominant molecular marker, FC, for gene CmAPRR2 was developed and used for molecular identification of 189 F2 individuals. The marker revealed a complete correspondence between genotype and phenotype. Additionally, the marker revealed that the other four white rinds had G856T mutations. This study provides a basis for targeted improvement of melon rind colours, offering a technical means for molecular marker‐assisted breeding of melon rind colours.
{"title":"Development and application of a codominant marker of the melon rind colour gene CmAPRR2","authors":"Jian Ma, Guoliang Yuan, Haijun Zhang, Yanhong Qiu, Mei Zong, Xiuxiu Zhu, Huijun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13164","url":null,"abstract":"Rind colour is an important quality attribute of melon appearance. Identifying target genes and developing functional molecular markers is significant for rind colour breeding in melon. This study involved a genetic analysis of the fruit rind colours of two inbred lines: H185 (with black green melon rind) and H160 (with white rind) alongside a fruit rind colour gene, <jats:italic>CmAPRR2</jats:italic>. The purpose was to discover the variation sites of the <jats:italic>CmAPRR2</jats:italic> gene and develop specific molecular marker for rind colour in melon. The results showed that the black green rind is dominant over white, and single gene controls the colours. A mutation of the G856T base occurred in the eighth exon of the <jats:italic>CmAPRR2</jats:italic> coding DNA region in H160, suggesting that this mutation is the key factor for the white rind colour. Thus, a codominant molecular marker, FC, for gene <jats:italic>CmAPRR2</jats:italic> was developed and used for molecular identification of 189 F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> individuals. The marker revealed a complete correspondence between genotype and phenotype. Additionally, the marker revealed that the other four white rinds had G856T mutations. This study provides a basis for targeted improvement of melon rind colours, offering a technical means for molecular marker‐assisted breeding of melon rind colours.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"636 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140010034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In eggplant, two kinds of fruit-bearing habits can be observed, that is, cluster and solitary. The fruits grown in cluster are small in size but contribute towards yield and productivity. In this investigation, we have studied the genetics of fruit-bearing habit and identified the SSR markers linked to this trait. Pusa Safed Baingan 1 (cluster bearer) and Pusa Hara Baingan 1 (solitary bearer) having contrasting traits were crossed to generate F1 (20 plants), F2 (215 plants), B1 (73 plants) and B2 (64 plants). Genetic analysis of the trait was carried out using Chi-square test. The segregation of plants in F2 suggested recessive epistasis with ratio of 9:3:4 (solitary: mixed: cluster) indicating involvement of two genes for controlling the fruit-bearing habit. The parental polymorphic 6 SSR markers were used for genotyping F2 plants and co-segregated with the fruit-bearing habit (Bh1) locus in 1:2:1. A linkage map covering 63.86 cm distance was developed, the SSR marker emf11A03 was closest with a distance of 4.37 cm, emk03O04 at 12.5 cm distance, and emf21O06 at 14.5 cm. The physical positions of the SSR markers emb01J19 and emf11A03 flanking Bh1 gene were located at 4.77 mb position of contig Sme2.5_05721.1 and 5.18 Mb position of contig Sme2.5_00994.1, respectively. The findings in the present study will be helpful in marker-assisted breeding to enhance yield in eggplant.
{"title":"Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of fruit-bearing habit locus (Bh1) in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"Sulochana K. H., Partha Saha, Bhoopal Singh Tomar, Tusar Kanti Behera, Chandrika Ghoshal, Veerendra Kumar Verma, Aakriti Verma, Gopala Krishnan S, Namita Das Saha, Soham Ray, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Maganti Sheshu Madhav","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13161","url":null,"abstract":"In eggplant, two kinds of fruit-bearing habits can be observed, that is, cluster and solitary. The fruits grown in cluster are small in size but contribute towards yield and productivity. In this investigation, we have studied the genetics of fruit-bearing habit and identified the SSR markers linked to this trait. Pusa Safed Baingan 1 (cluster bearer) and Pusa Hara Baingan 1 (solitary bearer) having contrasting traits were crossed to generate F<sub>1</sub> (20 plants), F<sub>2</sub> (215 plants), B<sub>1</sub> (73 plants) and B<sub>2</sub> (64 plants). Genetic analysis of the trait was carried out using Chi-square test. The segregation of plants in F<sub>2</sub> suggested recessive epistasis with ratio of 9:3:4 (solitary: mixed: cluster) indicating involvement of two genes for controlling the fruit-bearing habit. The parental polymorphic 6 SSR markers were used for genotyping F<sub>2</sub> plants and co-segregated with the fruit-bearing habit (<i>Bh</i><sup><i>1</i></sup>) locus in 1:2:1. A linkage map covering 63.86 cm distance was developed, the SSR marker emf11A03 was closest with a distance of 4.37 cm, <i>emk03O04</i> at 12.5 cm distance, and <i>emf21O06</i> at 14.5 cm. The physical positions of the SSR markers <i>emb01J19</i> and <i>emf11A03</i> flanking <i>Bh</i><sup><i>1</i></sup> gene were located at 4.77 mb position of contig Sme2.5_05721.1 and 5.18 Mb position of contig Sme2.5_00994.1, respectively. The findings in the present study will be helpful in marker-assisted breeding to enhance yield in eggplant.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139662327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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