Lian Yu‐jie, Sun Hua‐yue, Lu Han, Cao Xu‐dong, Guo Yao‐qing, Chen Hui, Ren Rui, Chen Xiao‐yang, Tang Ji‐hua
Male sterile lines are valuable germplasm resources for hybrid seed production in maize (Zea mays L.). The structures of the anther cuticle and pollen exine are associated with male sterility. We obtained a completely male sterile mutant (postmeiotic irregular anther1, pia1), which has closed glumes and relatively small and wilted anthers (compared with the wild‐type control). Cytological analysis revealed the normal meiosis and premature tapetal degradation in pia1. Additionally, formation of the pia1 anther cuticle and Ubisch bodies was abnormal, and the pollen exine was discontinuous. Genetic analysis showed that the pia1 mutant was the result of a single recessive mutation of a nuclear gene. On the basis of fine mapping, PIA1 was mapped between the W07051 and W07124 molecular markers on chromosome 1. This region does not contain known genes associated with male sterility. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated genes implicated in transmembrane transport, amino acid transmembrane transport, amino acid transport, and carboxylic acid transmembrane transport are differentially expressed in pia1 mutant anthers. The study findings suggest PIA1 is a novel regulator of anther cuticle and pollen exine development.
{"title":"Postmeiotic irregular anther1 (PIA1) is required for anther cuticle and pollen exine development in maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Lian Yu‐jie, Sun Hua‐yue, Lu Han, Cao Xu‐dong, Guo Yao‐qing, Chen Hui, Ren Rui, Chen Xiao‐yang, Tang Ji‐hua","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13139","url":null,"abstract":"Male sterile lines are valuable germplasm resources for hybrid seed production in maize (Zea mays L.). The structures of the anther cuticle and pollen exine are associated with male sterility. We obtained a completely male sterile mutant (postmeiotic irregular anther1, pia1), which has closed glumes and relatively small and wilted anthers (compared with the wild‐type control). Cytological analysis revealed the normal meiosis and premature tapetal degradation in pia1. Additionally, formation of the pia1 anther cuticle and Ubisch bodies was abnormal, and the pollen exine was discontinuous. Genetic analysis showed that the pia1 mutant was the result of a single recessive mutation of a nuclear gene. On the basis of fine mapping, PIA1 was mapped between the W07051 and W07124 molecular markers on chromosome 1. This region does not contain known genes associated with male sterility. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated genes implicated in transmembrane transport, amino acid transmembrane transport, amino acid transport, and carboxylic acid transmembrane transport are differentially expressed in pia1 mutant anthers. The study findings suggest PIA1 is a novel regulator of anther cuticle and pollen exine development.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Jensen, Hannah Turner, Jennifer Lachowiec, Greg Lutgen, Xiang S. Yin, J. Sherman
Hydration of the endosperm is a critical part of the malting process that ensures proper modification of the grain. However, little is known about the genetic controls of endosperm hydration and its relationship to agronomic and malt quality traits. The extent of endosperm hydration is estimated through hydration index (HYI). We measured HYI, agronomic, and malt quality traits on a 169‐line subset of the NSGC Barley Core Panel, which includes global malt lines, some dating from the inception of European breeding programmes. Utilizing GWAS, 61 QTLs were identified for HYI, dormancy, agronomic, and malt quality traits. Of these, six were found to be related to HYI and were located on 1H, 2H, 3H, 6H, and 7H. We found HYI QTLs cosegregating with kernel size and hardness (1H and 3H), malting quality (2H and 6H), and dormancy (2H and 6H). These results indicate that endosperm hydration after steeping can be improved by selecting high HYI alleles on 2H, 6H, and 7H, positively impacting malting quality without negatively impacting kernel size or dormancy.
{"title":"Genetic dissection of endosperm hydration in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare)","authors":"Joseph Jensen, Hannah Turner, Jennifer Lachowiec, Greg Lutgen, Xiang S. Yin, J. Sherman","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13138","url":null,"abstract":"Hydration of the endosperm is a critical part of the malting process that ensures proper modification of the grain. However, little is known about the genetic controls of endosperm hydration and its relationship to agronomic and malt quality traits. The extent of endosperm hydration is estimated through hydration index (HYI). We measured HYI, agronomic, and malt quality traits on a 169‐line subset of the NSGC Barley Core Panel, which includes global malt lines, some dating from the inception of European breeding programmes. Utilizing GWAS, 61 QTLs were identified for HYI, dormancy, agronomic, and malt quality traits. Of these, six were found to be related to HYI and were located on 1H, 2H, 3H, 6H, and 7H. We found HYI QTLs cosegregating with kernel size and hardness (1H and 3H), malting quality (2H and 6H), and dormancy (2H and 6H). These results indicate that endosperm hydration after steeping can be improved by selecting high HYI alleles on 2H, 6H, and 7H, positively impacting malting quality without negatively impacting kernel size or dormancy.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42128969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard E. Boyles, C. Ballén-Taborda, G. Brown-Guedira, José M. Costa, C. Cowger, N. DeWitt, C. Griffey, S. Harrison, A. Ibrahim, Jerry W. Johnson, J. Lyerly, D. Marshall, R. Mason, M. Mergoum, J. P. Murphy, N. Santantonio, Gautam Saripalli, R. Sutton, Vijay Tiwari, D. V. Van Sanford, Z. Winn
Tremendous progress has been made in variety development and host plant resistance to mitigate the impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) since the disease manifested in the southeastern United States in the early 2000s. Much of this improvement was made possible through the establishment of and recurring support from the US Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative (USWBSI). Since its inception in 1997, the USWBSI has enabled land‐grant institutions to make advances in reducing the annual threat of devastating FHB epidemics. A coordinated field phenotyping effort for annual germplasm screening has become a staple tool for selection in public and private soft red winter wheat (SRWW) breeding programmes. Dedicated efforts of many SRWW breeders to identify and utilize resistance genes from both native and exotic sources provided a strong foundation for improvement. In recent years, implementation of genomics‐enabled breeding has further accelerated genetic gains in FHB resistance. This article reflects on the improvement of FHB resistance in southern SRWW and contextualizes the monumental progress made by collaborative, persistent, and good old‐fashioned cultivar development.
{"title":"Approaching 25 years of progress towards Fusarium head blight resistance in southern soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Richard E. Boyles, C. Ballén-Taborda, G. Brown-Guedira, José M. Costa, C. Cowger, N. DeWitt, C. Griffey, S. Harrison, A. Ibrahim, Jerry W. Johnson, J. Lyerly, D. Marshall, R. Mason, M. Mergoum, J. P. Murphy, N. Santantonio, Gautam Saripalli, R. Sutton, Vijay Tiwari, D. V. Van Sanford, Z. Winn","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13137","url":null,"abstract":"Tremendous progress has been made in variety development and host plant resistance to mitigate the impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) since the disease manifested in the southeastern United States in the early 2000s. Much of this improvement was made possible through the establishment of and recurring support from the US Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative (USWBSI). Since its inception in 1997, the USWBSI has enabled land‐grant institutions to make advances in reducing the annual threat of devastating FHB epidemics. A coordinated field phenotyping effort for annual germplasm screening has become a staple tool for selection in public and private soft red winter wheat (SRWW) breeding programmes. Dedicated efforts of many SRWW breeders to identify and utilize resistance genes from both native and exotic sources provided a strong foundation for improvement. In recent years, implementation of genomics‐enabled breeding has further accelerated genetic gains in FHB resistance. This article reflects on the improvement of FHB resistance in southern SRWW and contextualizes the monumental progress made by collaborative, persistent, and good old‐fashioned cultivar development.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49003870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatsurou Suzuki, Takahiro Noda, T. Morishita, K. Ishiguro, Shiori Otsuka, J. Aii, Ayana Nakano, K. Katsu, K. Matsui, R. Takeshima, N. Aoki, Takashi Hara, T. Hara, R. Satoh
The concentration of amylose, which is synthesised using granule‐bound starch synthase, affects the physical properties of food. However, no studies have focused on starch properties and physical characteristics of low‐amylose buckwheat. Here, we hypothesised that low‐amylose buckwheat would be useful to produce new buckwheat products because low‐amylose characteristics change the texture of buckwheat food. In this study, we bred relatively low‐amylose buckwheat compared to wild type and investigated the causative genes of the traits, starch properties and physical properties of noodles. In the GBSSa mutant, the amylose concentration was lower than that in the wild type. Compared with the wild type, the mutant exhibited the following traits: Amylose concentration decreased by approximately 2%, setback in the Rapid Visco Analyzer decreased by 30 points and the physical characteristics of noodles in the sensory analysis were soft and sticky. These results suggest that this trait may be useful for changing the texture of foods. In addition, the mutant is promising for producing new foods with physical characteristics that are different from those of the wild type.
{"title":"Characterisation of starch properties and physical characteristics in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) mutant lacking accumulation of ‘granule‐bound starch synthase a’","authors":"Tatsurou Suzuki, Takahiro Noda, T. Morishita, K. Ishiguro, Shiori Otsuka, J. Aii, Ayana Nakano, K. Katsu, K. Matsui, R. Takeshima, N. Aoki, Takashi Hara, T. Hara, R. Satoh","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13135","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of amylose, which is synthesised using granule‐bound starch synthase, affects the physical properties of food. However, no studies have focused on starch properties and physical characteristics of low‐amylose buckwheat. Here, we hypothesised that low‐amylose buckwheat would be useful to produce new buckwheat products because low‐amylose characteristics change the texture of buckwheat food. In this study, we bred relatively low‐amylose buckwheat compared to wild type and investigated the causative genes of the traits, starch properties and physical properties of noodles. In the GBSSa mutant, the amylose concentration was lower than that in the wild type. Compared with the wild type, the mutant exhibited the following traits: Amylose concentration decreased by approximately 2%, setback in the Rapid Visco Analyzer decreased by 30 points and the physical characteristics of noodles in the sensory analysis were soft and sticky. These results suggest that this trait may be useful for changing the texture of foods. In addition, the mutant is promising for producing new foods with physical characteristics that are different from those of the wild type.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prashant Kariyannanavar, M. C. Wali, B. Biradar, S. N. Chattannavar, V. Kubsad, L. Verma, V. S, Pavan Kumar N, Revanasiddayya
This study aimed to investigate the inheritance pattern of fertility restoration in hybrids resulting from crosses between a male sterile line (M31‐2A), a maldandi cytoplasm, and two promising restorers (DSMR‐4 and DSMR‐8). The evaluation of hybrids was conducted in two sets of experiments, including the F2, BC1F1 and F2, F3 generations. The segregation pattern was analysed in the F2 and BC1F1 generations, resulting in a 54:10 ratio of fertile to sterile plants and a 1:1 ratio of fertile to sterile plants, respectively. This indicated the involvement of three genes, at least two of which must be in a dominant condition for restoration to occur, acting in a duplicate complementary manner. In the F3 generation, both crosses were grown to confirm the stability of restorers, and they segregated in the ratio of 10 true‐breeding families and 44 segregating families, which was consistent with the F2 ratio. Additionally, this study observed the influence of rainfall on the partial restoration pattern over seasons, as restorer genes are up or down‐regulated depending on the availability of water.
{"title":"Deciphering the inheritance of fertility restoration and influence of environmental factors on maldandi source of male sterility in rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]","authors":"Prashant Kariyannanavar, M. C. Wali, B. Biradar, S. N. Chattannavar, V. Kubsad, L. Verma, V. S, Pavan Kumar N, Revanasiddayya","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13131","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the inheritance pattern of fertility restoration in hybrids resulting from crosses between a male sterile line (M31‐2A), a maldandi cytoplasm, and two promising restorers (DSMR‐4 and DSMR‐8). The evaluation of hybrids was conducted in two sets of experiments, including the F2, BC1F1 and F2, F3 generations. The segregation pattern was analysed in the F2 and BC1F1 generations, resulting in a 54:10 ratio of fertile to sterile plants and a 1:1 ratio of fertile to sterile plants, respectively. This indicated the involvement of three genes, at least two of which must be in a dominant condition for restoration to occur, acting in a duplicate complementary manner. In the F3 generation, both crosses were grown to confirm the stability of restorers, and they segregated in the ratio of 10 true‐breeding families and 44 segregating families, which was consistent with the F2 ratio. Additionally, this study observed the influence of rainfall on the partial restoration pattern over seasons, as restorer genes are up or down‐regulated depending on the availability of water.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45305139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past 60 years, China's hybrid rice has developed from a three‐line system to a two‐line system: This has enriched the knowledge of heterosis and crop breeding. At the same time, the large‐scale commercialization of hybrid rice has made great contributions to China's rice production.
{"title":"Research and development of hybrid rice in China","authors":"Jiming Li, Xiaohe Luo, Kunlu Zhou","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13134","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 60 years, China's hybrid rice has developed from a three‐line system to a two‐line system: This has enriched the knowledge of heterosis and crop breeding. At the same time, the large‐scale commercialization of hybrid rice has made great contributions to China's rice production.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46349785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and can lead to significant yield losses as well as a contamination of the crop with mycotoxins that are a major concern in cereal‐based food and feed products. The aims of this study were thus to investigate the relationship between resistance against multiple Fusarium species and to assess the potential of an indirect phenotypic and genomic selection for the resistance against the accumulation of several mycotoxins in wheat. Strong phenotypic and genetic correlations between the mycotoxin contents, FHB severity and FHB‐associated traits were observed, irrespective of if traits were assessed in trials inoculated with a DON or HT‐2/T‐2 producing Fusarium species. A multi‐stage phenotypic or genomic selection with low anther retention being used for an indirect selection among early generation selection candidates, followed by an evaluation of the pre‐selected set in disease nurseries, and lastly by assessing the mycotoxin content of the most promising genotypes is suggested as a suitable strategy to breed for wheat cultivars with reduced risk of mycotoxin accumulation.
{"title":"Efficiency of indirect selection for fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxin accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"S. Michel, B. Steiner, H. Buerstmayr","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13136","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and can lead to significant yield losses as well as a contamination of the crop with mycotoxins that are a major concern in cereal‐based food and feed products. The aims of this study were thus to investigate the relationship between resistance against multiple Fusarium species and to assess the potential of an indirect phenotypic and genomic selection for the resistance against the accumulation of several mycotoxins in wheat. Strong phenotypic and genetic correlations between the mycotoxin contents, FHB severity and FHB‐associated traits were observed, irrespective of if traits were assessed in trials inoculated with a DON or HT‐2/T‐2 producing Fusarium species. A multi‐stage phenotypic or genomic selection with low anther retention being used for an indirect selection among early generation selection candidates, followed by an evaluation of the pre‐selected set in disease nurseries, and lastly by assessing the mycotoxin content of the most promising genotypes is suggested as a suitable strategy to breed for wheat cultivars with reduced risk of mycotoxin accumulation.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhanushree Narayanswami, B. S. Tomar, J. Akhtar, T. Behera, R. Ellur, Rama Mithra V. Sevanthi, Jaiswal Sarika, P. Saha
{"title":"Genetic analysis and identification of SSR marker linked to Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"Bhanushree Narayanswami, B. S. Tomar, J. Akhtar, T. Behera, R. Ellur, Rama Mithra V. Sevanthi, Jaiswal Sarika, P. Saha","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad H. Sallam, M. Haas, Yadong Huang, Zenith Tandukar, G. Muehlbauer, Kevin P. Smith, B. Steffenson
{"title":"Meta‐analysis of the genetics of resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in barley and considerations for breeding","authors":"Ahmad H. Sallam, M. Haas, Yadong Huang, Zenith Tandukar, G. Muehlbauer, Kevin P. Smith, B. Steffenson","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43338135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rosa, R. Uhdre, Marcos Ventura Faria, Ronald José Barth Pinto, R. Rossi, A. Medina Neto, C. Scapim
{"title":"A new approach to Fourier transform Raman: Identification of haploids in maize (Zea mays)","authors":"J. Rosa, R. Uhdre, Marcos Ventura Faria, Ronald José Barth Pinto, R. Rossi, A. Medina Neto, C. Scapim","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47793342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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