Immature fruit rind colour, a key factor influencing consumer choice, is an important external quality trait in cucumbers. The application of molecular marker‐assisted selection (MAS) can significantly improve the efficiency of the cucumber breeding process that focuses on fruit rind colours. In this study, we developed a dCAPS marker Csw_dCAPS co‐segregated with cucumber white immature fruit rind regulating gene w (Csaprr2) based on its 1‐bp ‘G/‐’ sequence insertion. Both validations of marker Csw_dCAPS among 59 cucumber commercial cultivars and 41 inbred lines showed that the Csw_dCAPS marker has 100% accuracy rates in identifying the green and white coloured immature fruit rinds controlling by alleles W and w. Application of Csw_dCAPS marker in cucumber lines XNS023‐1 and XNS023‐2 revealed that the white immature fruit rind in XNS023‐1 is also caused by the 1‐bp ‘G/‐’ insertion of gene w. We discussed the derivation of gene w in cucumber XNS023‐1 according to the genetic background differences between XNS023‐1 and XNS023‐2. Besides, this newly developed marker was also compared with the previously reported linkage marker SSR06791 to underscore the precision and reliability of Csw_dCAPS. Herein, we first reported and verified a dCAPS marker Csw_dCAPS that completely co‐segregated with the white immature fruit rind regulating gene w. We concluded that this high‐accuracy dCAPS marker can effectively facilitate the MAS breeding process of new cucumber cultivars characterized by white‐coloured immature fruits.
未成熟果皮颜色是影响消费者选择的一个关键因素，也是黄瓜的一个重要外部品质性状。应用分子标记辅助选择（MAS）可显著提高以果皮颜色为重点的黄瓜育种过程的效率。在本研究中，我们根据黄瓜白色未成熟果皮调控基因w（Csaprr2）的1-bp'G/-'序列插入，开发了一个与黄瓜白色未成熟果皮调控基因w共分离的dCAPS标记Csw_dCAPS。在 59 个黄瓜商业栽培品种和 41 个近交系中对 Csw_dCAPS 标记进行的两次验证表明，Csw_dCAPS 标记在识别等位基因 W 和 w 控制的绿色和白色未成熟果皮方面具有 100% 的准确率。在黄瓜品系 XNS023-1 和 XNS023-2 中应用 Csw_dCAPS 标记发现，XNS023-1 中的白色未成熟果皮也是由基因 w 的 1-bp 'G/-' 插入引起的。此外，我们还将这一新开发的标记与之前报道的连锁标记 SSR06791 进行了比较，以强调 Csw_dCAPS 的精确性和可靠性。本文首次报道并验证了与白色未成熟果皮调控基因w完全共分离的dCAPS标记Csw_dCAPS。
{"title":"Development and application of a dCAPS marker for the white immature fruit rind colour gene w in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)","authors":"Yuqing Yang, Yuan Zhou, Yachen Xiang, Yuqing Zhou, Haibing Cui, Hanqiang Liu, Yupeng Pan","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13204","url":null,"abstract":"Immature fruit rind colour, a key factor influencing consumer choice, is an important external quality trait in cucumbers. The application of molecular marker‐assisted selection (MAS) can significantly improve the efficiency of the cucumber breeding process that focuses on fruit rind colours. In this study, we developed a dCAPS marker Csw_dCAPS co‐segregated with cucumber white immature fruit rind regulating gene <jats:italic>w</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Csaprr2</jats:italic>) based on its 1‐bp ‘G/‐’ sequence insertion. Both validations of marker Csw_dCAPS among 59 cucumber commercial cultivars and 41 inbred lines showed that the Csw_dCAPS marker has 100% accuracy rates in identifying the green and white coloured immature fruit rinds controlling by alleles <jats:italic>W</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>w</jats:italic>. Application of Csw_dCAPS marker in cucumber lines XNS023‐1 and XNS023‐2 revealed that the white immature fruit rind in XNS023‐1 is also caused by the 1‐bp ‘G/‐’ insertion of gene <jats:italic>w</jats:italic>. We discussed the derivation of gene <jats:italic>w</jats:italic> in cucumber XNS023‐1 according to the genetic background differences between XNS023‐1 and XNS023‐2. Besides, this newly developed marker was also compared with the previously reported linkage marker SSR06791 to underscore the precision and reliability of Csw_dCAPS. Herein, we first reported and verified a dCAPS marker Csw_dCAPS that completely co‐segregated with the white immature fruit rind regulating gene <jats:italic>w</jats:italic>. We concluded that this high‐accuracy dCAPS marker can effectively facilitate the MAS breeding process of new cucumber cultivars characterized by white‐coloured immature fruits.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kul Bhushan Saxena, Rachit K Saxena, Vijay A Dalvi, Arbind K Choudhary, Rafat Sultana
The sustainable maintenance breeding of pigeonpea germplasm, genetic stocks, released cultivars, and hybrid parents is a tough job. The prime reason for their genetic contamination is the insect‐aided cross‐pollination. Although various public and private seed agencies are involved in maintenance breeding to produce different grades of pigeonpea seeds, but the limitation of resources and low priority make it difficult to meet the national seed requirements. This manuscript, aside from reviewing the present pigeonpea maintenance breeding methods, their limitations, and accomplishments, also highlights some advanced breeding and genomics approaches to enhance the efficiency of maintenance breeding.
{"title":"Maintenance Breeding in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] — An Assessment and Advanced Strategies","authors":"Kul Bhushan Saxena, Rachit K Saxena, Vijay A Dalvi, Arbind K Choudhary, Rafat Sultana","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13209","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable maintenance breeding of pigeonpea germplasm, genetic stocks, released cultivars, and hybrid parents is a tough job. The prime reason for their genetic contamination is the insect‐aided cross‐pollination. Although various public and private seed agencies are involved in maintenance breeding to produce different grades of pigeonpea seeds, but the limitation of resources and low priority make it difficult to meet the national seed requirements. This manuscript, aside from reviewing the present pigeonpea maintenance breeding methods, their limitations, and accomplishments, also highlights some advanced breeding and genomics approaches to enhance the efficiency of maintenance breeding.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As important yield components, the genetic analysis of ear‐related traits could provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding. Here, we reported the comprehensive genetic architecture of five ear‐related traits using 150 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) populations derived from the cross between Xu178 and K12. Besides, two sets of association populations were used to dissect genetic loci of five traits by genome‐wide association study (GWAS). A total of 32 QTLs of ear‐related traits were detected in the linkage mapping. Based on the mixed linear model (MLM), a total of 117 significant SNP markers of ear‐related traits were detected. Furthermore, a combined GWAS and linkage mapping analysis revealed 51 significant SNP markers fell within the confidence interval of QTLs. A total of seven co‐located significant SNP markers among different traits were found. Finally, six important candidate genes related to grain development were screened out. In addition, through haplotype analysis, two favourable haplotypes were found on chromosome 4, which could increase row number per ear (RNE), kernel number per row (KNR) and grain yield per plant (GYP) to a certain extent. Compared with the random model, the prediction accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) was improved in different degrees by considering the significant SNP markers as fixed effects. The stable genetic QTLs, candidate genes and favourable haplotypes found in this study are valuable resources, which will provide theoretical reference for high‐yield breeding of maize. Taken together, the research results also highlight the benefits of integrating GWAS with GP to further improve the accuracy of GP.
穗相关性状是玉米产量的重要组成部分，对其进行遗传分析可为玉米育种提供理论依据。在此，我们利用许178和K12杂交得到的150个重组近交系（RIL）群体，研究了5个穗相关性状的综合遗传结构。此外，我们还利用两组关联群体，通过全基因组关联研究（GWAS）剖析了五个性状的遗传位点。在连接图谱中，共检测到 32 个穗相关性状的 QTLs。基于混合线性模型（MLM），共检测到 117 个与耳相关性状的显著 SNP 标记。此外，结合 GWAS 和连接图谱分析发现，有 51 个显著的 SNP 标记位于 QTLs 的置信区间内。在不同性状之间共发现了 7 个共定位的重要 SNP 标记。最后，筛选出 6 个与谷粒发育相关的重要候选基因。此外，通过单倍型分析，在 4 号染色体上发现了两个有利的单倍型，它们能在一定程度上增加每穗行数（RNE）、每行粒数（KNR）和每株谷粒产量（GYP）。与随机模型相比，将显著的 SNP 标记作为固定效应的基因组预测模型（GP）的预测精度有不同程度的提高。本研究发现的稳定遗传 QTLs、候选基因和有利单倍型是宝贵的资源，将为玉米高产育种提供理论参考。综上所述，该研究成果也凸显了将 GWAS 与 GP 相结合进一步提高 GP 精确度的益处。
{"title":"Decoding the genetic basis of ear‐related traits in maize (Zea mays L.) using linkage mapping, association mapping and genomic prediction","authors":"Liguo Chang, Kunhui He, Jianchao Liu","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13212","url":null,"abstract":"As important yield components, the genetic analysis of ear‐related traits could provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding. Here, we reported the comprehensive genetic architecture of five ear‐related traits using 150 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) populations derived from the cross between Xu178 and K12. Besides, two sets of association populations were used to dissect genetic loci of five traits by genome‐wide association study (GWAS). A total of 32 QTLs of ear‐related traits were detected in the linkage mapping. Based on the mixed linear model (MLM), a total of 117 significant SNP markers of ear‐related traits were detected. Furthermore, a combined GWAS and linkage mapping analysis revealed 51 significant SNP markers fell within the confidence interval of QTLs. A total of seven co‐located significant SNP markers among different traits were found. Finally, six important candidate genes related to grain development were screened out. In addition, through haplotype analysis, two favourable haplotypes were found on chromosome 4, which could increase row number per ear (RNE), kernel number per row (KNR) and grain yield per plant (GYP) to a certain extent. Compared with the random model, the prediction accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) was improved in different degrees by considering the significant SNP markers as fixed effects. The stable genetic QTLs, candidate genes and favourable haplotypes found in this study are valuable resources, which will provide theoretical reference for high‐yield breeding of maize. Taken together, the research results also highlight the benefits of integrating GWAS with GP to further improve the accuracy of GP.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José M. García, Aldo R. Andrada, Luis E. Erazzú, Alberto Acevedo
Modern sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars originated from an intricate hybridization process, resulting in complex polyploid and aneuploid genomes. Flow cytometry (FCM), which has emerged as a precise and fast method for research on genome size in plants, has potential to unveil key aspects of sugarcane cytogenetics. In this study, FCM probes were conducted to estimate 2C DNA content in 175 Saccharum genotypes embracing phenotypically contrasting canes (commercial cultivars, energy‐cane hybrids, and a Saccharum spontaneum accession) and full‐sib sugarcane families. FCM‐mediated DNA content estimates exhibited high accuracy in predicting chromosome numbers, offering a time‐efficient alternative to classical cytogenetic procedure. Low‐magnitude correlations detected between DNA content and phenotypic traits suggest that indirect selection of agronomic traits using FCM‐mediated DNA content estimates may not be efficient. DNA content variation patterns in sugarcane families varied according to the crossing, and revealed transgressive variations associated with rampant aneuploidy. Altogether, the findings uncover that loss or gain of genetic material constitutes a source of high genetic variability that may substantially impact on crop breeding.
现代甘蔗（Saccharum spp.）栽培品种起源于复杂的杂交过程，从而产生了复杂的多倍体和非整倍体基因组。流式细胞术（FCM）是研究植物基因组大小的一种精确而快速的方法，它有可能揭示甘蔗细胞遗传学的关键方面。本研究采用 FCM 探针估算了 175 种甘蔗基因型的 2C DNA 含量，这些基因型包括表型对比强烈的甘蔗（商业栽培品种、甘蔗杂交种和甘蔗自交系）和全同种甘蔗家族。FCM 介导的 DNA 含量估计在预测染色体数目方面表现出很高的准确性，为传统细胞遗传学程序提供了一种省时高效的替代方法。DNA 含量与表型性状之间的低幅度相关性表明，利用 FCM 介导的 DNA 含量估算对农艺性状进行间接选择可能并不有效。甘蔗家系中的 DNA 含量变异模式因杂交而异，并揭示了与猖獗的非整倍体有关的转基因变异。总之，这些发现揭示了遗传物质的损失或增益是高遗传变异的一个来源，可能会对作物育种产生重大影响。
{"title":"Genome size and chromosome number variation in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families and phenotypically contrasting Saccharum genotypes","authors":"José M. García, Aldo R. Andrada, Luis E. Erazzú, Alberto Acevedo","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13203","url":null,"abstract":"Modern sugarcane (<jats:italic>Saccharum</jats:italic> spp.) cultivars originated from an intricate hybridization process, resulting in complex polyploid and aneuploid genomes. Flow cytometry (FCM), which has emerged as a precise and fast method for research on genome size in plants, has potential to unveil key aspects of sugarcane cytogenetics. In this study, FCM probes were conducted to estimate 2C DNA content in 175 <jats:italic>Saccharum</jats:italic> genotypes embracing phenotypically contrasting canes (commercial cultivars, energy‐cane hybrids, and a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Saccharum spontaneum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> accession) and full‐sib sugarcane families. FCM‐mediated DNA content estimates exhibited high accuracy in predicting chromosome numbers, offering a time‐efficient alternative to classical cytogenetic procedure. Low‐magnitude correlations detected between DNA content and phenotypic traits suggest that indirect selection of agronomic traits using FCM‐mediated DNA content estimates may not be efficient. DNA content variation patterns in sugarcane families varied according to the crossing, and revealed transgressive variations associated with rampant aneuploidy. Altogether, the findings uncover that loss or gain of genetic material constitutes a source of high genetic variability that may substantially impact on crop breeding.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Hagenguth, Larissa Kanski, Hannah Kahle, Heiko C. Becker, Bernd Horneburg
Fresh market tomatoes are often characterized by poor flavour. Flavour is a quantitative trait difficult to assess and often neglected in breeding. Classical sensory methods are not suitable for the evaluation of early segregating generations; simple physicochemical measurements are not sufficient to predict perceived aroma. Alternative selection methods are needed, such as the recently introduced Breeders' Sensory Test or marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Two unrelated crosses were chosen to evaluate the efficiency of phenotypic selection with the Breeders' Sensory Test (breeders' sensory selection, BS) and MAS for five quantitative trait loci for sweetness, sourness and tomato aroma (mapped in ‘Resi’ × ‘Auriga’) in organic low‐input and hydroponic cultivation. Selection for sensory attributes reduced fruit weight, emphasizing the challenge of breeding flavourful, large‐fruited tomatoes. Both selection methods were more effective in ‘Roterno F1‘× ‘Black Cherry’ derived from more distant parents. A trend towards higher efficiency of MAS in early segregating generations was observed for sweetness and tomato aroma. However, a major advantage of BS is its universal applicability. To improve flavour, combining both methods is recommended.
新鲜上市的番茄通常风味不佳。风味是一种难以评估的数量性状，在育种中往往被忽视。经典的感官方法不适合评估早期分离世代；简单的理化测量不足以预测感知到的香味。需要采用其他选择方法，如最近引入的育种者感官测试或标记辅助选择（MAS）。我们选择了两个无亲缘关系的杂交品种，以评估在有机低投入栽培和水培条件下，利用育种家感官测试（育种家感官选择，BS）和 MAS 对甜度、酸度和番茄香气的五个数量性状位点（'Resi' × 'Auriga'）进行表型选择的效率。对感官属性的选择降低了果实重量，突出了培育风味浓郁、果实大的番茄所面临的挑战。这两种选育方法对来自较远亲本的'Roterno F1'×'Black Cherry'更为有效。在早期分离世代中，甜度和番茄香味方面观察到 MAS 效率较高的趋势。然而，BS 的一个主要优势是其普遍适用性。为了改善风味，建议将这两种方法结合起来。
{"title":"Flavour improvement in early generations of fresh market tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): II. Response to breeders' sensory and marker‐assisted selection","authors":"Julia Hagenguth, Larissa Kanski, Hannah Kahle, Heiko C. Becker, Bernd Horneburg","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13202","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh market tomatoes are often characterized by poor flavour. Flavour is a quantitative trait difficult to assess and often neglected in breeding. Classical sensory methods are not suitable for the evaluation of early segregating generations; simple physicochemical measurements are not sufficient to predict perceived aroma. Alternative selection methods are needed, such as the recently introduced Breeders' Sensory Test or marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Two unrelated crosses were chosen to evaluate the efficiency of phenotypic selection with the Breeders' Sensory Test (breeders' sensory selection, BS) and MAS for five quantitative trait loci for sweetness, sourness and tomato aroma (mapped in ‘Resi’ × ‘Auriga’) in organic low‐input and hydroponic cultivation. Selection for sensory attributes reduced fruit weight, emphasizing the challenge of breeding flavourful, large‐fruited tomatoes. Both selection methods were more effective in ‘Roterno F<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>‘× ‘Black Cherry’ derived from more distant parents. A trend towards higher efficiency of MAS in early segregating generations was observed for sweetness and tomato aroma. However, a major advantage of BS is its universal applicability. To improve flavour, combining both methods is recommended.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jocilene dos Santos Pereira, Ariana Silva Santos, Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz, Ronan Xavier Corrêa
Sources of resistance are an important control measure for witches' broom disease in cacao. Their identification through quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genetic diversity analysis would assist breeding programs to develop new cultivars with improved resistance traits. We conducted a systematic review that compiles the main advances in the search for resistance to witches' broom disease. The systematic review on Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using the State of the Art through Systematic Review (StArt) software. We identified genotypes exhibiting the most significant resistance in phenotypic analysis, along with combinations of crosses that are promising for future studies and cultivar development. Data on genetic diversity indicate a wide possibility of benefits from heterozygosis. Genetic mapping and association studies revealed eight QTLs associated with resistance and several candidate genes with known and unknown biological functions. More comprehensive research of the various sources of resistance to witches' broom disease is crucial for the advance of cacao breeding programs.
抗性来源是可可中女巫扫帚病的重要控制措施。通过定量性状位点（QTLs）和遗传多样性分析确定抗性来源将有助于育种计划开发出具有更好抗性特征的新栽培品种。我们进行了一项系统综述，汇编了在寻找可可对巫婆帚病的抗性方面取得的主要进展。在 Scopus、Springer Link、PubMed、SciELO 和 Web of Science 数据库上进行的系统综述遵循了系统综述和元分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，并使用了系统综述艺术现状（Start of the Art through Systematic Review，StArt）软件。我们确定了在表型分析中表现出最显著抗性的基因型，以及有望用于未来研究和栽培品种开发的杂交组合。有关遗传多样性的数据表明，杂合子可能带来广泛的益处。基因图谱绘制和关联研究发现了八个与抗性相关的 QTL 以及几个具有已知和未知生物功能的候选基因。对巫婆帚病的各种抗性来源进行更全面的研究，对于推进可可育种计划至关重要。
{"title":"Sources of resistance to witches' broom disease in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): Progress update and perspectives","authors":"Jocilene dos Santos Pereira, Ariana Silva Santos, Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz, Ronan Xavier Corrêa","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13205","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of resistance are an important control measure for witches' broom disease in cacao. Their identification through quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genetic diversity analysis would assist breeding programs to develop new cultivars with improved resistance traits. We conducted a systematic review that compiles the main advances in the search for resistance to witches' broom disease. The systematic review on Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using the State of the Art through Systematic Review (StArt) software. We identified genotypes exhibiting the most significant resistance in phenotypic analysis, along with combinations of crosses that are promising for future studies and cultivar development. Data on genetic diversity indicate a wide possibility of benefits from heterozygosis. Genetic mapping and association studies revealed eight QTLs associated with resistance and several candidate genes with known and unknown biological functions. More comprehensive research of the various sources of resistance to witches' broom disease is crucial for the advance of cacao breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kari Baghyalakshmi, Selvaraj Ramchander, Nallathambi Jagadeeshselvam, Muthurajan Raveendran, Paramasiwam Jeyaprakash
Rice production is severely hampered by drought stress, which causes enormous economic losses. The issue of global climate change is gaining importance, and hence development of rice genotypes tolerant to drought stress is becoming more critical. To address this issue, backcross inbred lines (BILs) developed were subjected to drought stress, and their molecular mechanism was studied. The drought‐tolerant parent Apo and drought‐susceptible, high‐yielding IR64 along with two BILs, namely, CB 229 (<jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2.2</jats:italic></jats:sub> + <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> + <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub>) and CB 193‐3 (<jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> + <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub>) were tested in a greenhouse for their response to drought. In this study, CB 229 showed better performance under water stress irrigated conditions; it was on par with IR64. Drought‐responsive transcriptome profiling was carried out in both the parents and the superior BIL CB 229 through the RNA‐Seq approach. About 3050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2021 upregulated and 1029 downregulated) were detected in tolerant BIL CB 229 in drought stress. Most of the DEGs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the formation of cell walls, as well as genes associated with metabolite adaptability, ROS homeostasis and post‐transcriptional regulation. Genes such as chaperone protein, senescence‐induced receptor‐like serine, mannose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, aquaporin and heat shock proteins (LOC_Os02g26840, LOC_Os02g25720, LOC_Os07g35570, LOC_Os01g64970, etc.) were upregulated in the tolerant Apo and CB 229. It was observed that the BIL CB 229 yielded higher grains than both parents under moisture stress. Ninety‐four genes in the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) region were found to be differentially regulated in CB 229, Apo and IR64. Out of 94, nine genes co‐localized within the QTL <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2.2</jats:italic></jats:sub>, 12 genes within <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> and four genes within <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> were differentially upregulated in CB 229 and downregulated in the susceptible genotype. The study revealed that the QTLs <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2.2</jats:italic></jats:sub>, <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> and <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> are found to have complementary effects and offer enhanced levels of tolerance against drought due to complementation. Additionally, this analysis discovered new DEGs that may be involved in functions r
{"title":"Comparative transcriptome profiling to untie the drought tolerance molecular mechanism of backcross rice (Oryza sativa L.) inbred","authors":"Kari Baghyalakshmi, Selvaraj Ramchander, Nallathambi Jagadeeshselvam, Muthurajan Raveendran, Paramasiwam Jeyaprakash","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13208","url":null,"abstract":"Rice production is severely hampered by drought stress, which causes enormous economic losses. The issue of global climate change is gaining importance, and hence development of rice genotypes tolerant to drought stress is becoming more critical. To address this issue, backcross inbred lines (BILs) developed were subjected to drought stress, and their molecular mechanism was studied. The drought‐tolerant parent Apo and drought‐susceptible, high‐yielding IR64 along with two BILs, namely, CB 229 (<jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2.2</jats:italic></jats:sub> + <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> + <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub>) and CB 193‐3 (<jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> + <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub>) were tested in a greenhouse for their response to drought. In this study, CB 229 showed better performance under water stress irrigated conditions; it was on par with IR64. Drought‐responsive transcriptome profiling was carried out in both the parents and the superior BIL CB 229 through the RNA‐Seq approach. About 3050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2021 upregulated and 1029 downregulated) were detected in tolerant BIL CB 229 in drought stress. Most of the DEGs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the formation of cell walls, as well as genes associated with metabolite adaptability, ROS homeostasis and post‐transcriptional regulation. Genes such as chaperone protein, senescence‐induced receptor‐like serine, mannose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, aquaporin and heat shock proteins (LOC_Os02g26840, LOC_Os02g25720, LOC_Os07g35570, LOC_Os01g64970, etc.) were upregulated in the tolerant Apo and CB 229. It was observed that the BIL CB 229 yielded higher grains than both parents under moisture stress. Ninety‐four genes in the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) region were found to be differentially regulated in CB 229, Apo and IR64. Out of 94, nine genes co‐localized within the QTL <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2.2</jats:italic></jats:sub>, 12 genes within <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> and four genes within <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> were differentially upregulated in CB 229 and downregulated in the susceptible genotype. The study revealed that the QTLs <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2.2</jats:italic></jats:sub>, <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> and <jats:italic>qDTY</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>8.1</jats:italic></jats:sub> are found to have complementary effects and offer enhanced levels of tolerance against drought due to complementation. Additionally, this analysis discovered new DEGs that may be involved in functions r","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Mitache, Abdelmonim Zeroual, Aziz Baidani, Bouchaib Bencharki, Omar Idrissi
In the complex context of rising food demand, natural resources degradation and worsening climate changes impact, food legumes could play an important role in sustainable agriculture and food security. To overcome these challenges, enhanced genetic gain has become a necessity. Speed breeding‐based extended photoperiod is being used to reinforce conventional breeding methods and to speed up the development of adapted varieties. Speed breeding growth chambers and greenhouses' light quality in terms of red–blue ratio is among important factors that need to be optimized to enhance the efficiency of this technique to accelerate plant growth and development while limiting plant stress. We have compared the effect of different light ratios of 5:3 red–blue, 3:5 red–blue and 4:4 white–white on phenological and morphological characteristics of three lentil and chickpea genotypes grown in a speed breeding‐based extended photoperiod growth chamber with 22 h light/2 h dark. The 5:3 red–blue light ratio increased plant height and reduced flowering time for the three tested lentil varieties with 36, 41 and 40 days after sowing, respectively, as well as for the three tested chickpea varieties with 42, 38 and 24 days after sowing, respectively. While the 3:5 red–blue ratio increased leaves and secondary stem growth for lentil; leaves and secondary stem growth, green canopy cover and seedling vigour for chickpea. Less vegetative growth and later flowering were observed under white light. Higher red–blue light ratio of 5:3 accelerated lentil and chickpea vegetative growth and flowering, making it more optimal for speed breeding‐based extended photoperiod. It should be pointed out that the suggested home‐designed and built protocol is cost‐effective and easy to implement especially in small‐scale breeding programmes in developing countries.
{"title":"Influence of red–blue light ratio on the phenology and morphology of different lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes under a simple and resource‐efficient in‐house speed breeding method based on the application of extended photoperiod","authors":"Mohammed Mitache, Abdelmonim Zeroual, Aziz Baidani, Bouchaib Bencharki, Omar Idrissi","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13206","url":null,"abstract":"In the complex context of rising food demand, natural resources degradation and worsening climate changes impact, food legumes could play an important role in sustainable agriculture and food security. To overcome these challenges, enhanced genetic gain has become a necessity. Speed breeding‐based extended photoperiod is being used to reinforce conventional breeding methods and to speed up the development of adapted varieties. Speed breeding growth chambers and greenhouses' light quality in terms of red–blue ratio is among important factors that need to be optimized to enhance the efficiency of this technique to accelerate plant growth and development while limiting plant stress. We have compared the effect of different light ratios of 5:3 red–blue, 3:5 red–blue and 4:4 white–white on phenological and morphological characteristics of three lentil and chickpea genotypes grown in a speed breeding‐based extended photoperiod growth chamber with 22 h light/2 h dark. The 5:3 red–blue light ratio increased plant height and reduced flowering time for the three tested lentil varieties with 36, 41 and 40 days after sowing, respectively, as well as for the three tested chickpea varieties with 42, 38 and 24 days after sowing, respectively. While the 3:5 red–blue ratio increased leaves and secondary stem growth for lentil; leaves and secondary stem growth, green canopy cover and seedling vigour for chickpea. Less vegetative growth and later flowering were observed under white light. Higher red–blue light ratio of 5:3 accelerated lentil and chickpea vegetative growth and flowering, making it more optimal for speed breeding‐based extended photoperiod. It should be pointed out that the suggested home‐designed and built protocol is cost‐effective and easy to implement especially in small‐scale breeding programmes in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Rodríguez‐Suárez, María Dolores Requena‐Ramírez, Elisabetta Mazzucotelli, Anna Maria Mastrangelo, Ilaria Marcotuli, Agata Gadaleta, Antonio Martín, Dámaso Hornero‐Méndez, Sergio G. Atienza
Tritordeum is the new cereal derived from crosses between the wild barley Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz. and either durum or bread wheat, resulting in hexaploid and octoploid tritordeums, respectively. The success of tritordeum as a crop depends on the effectiveness of its breeding programme. In this work, new advanced tritordeum lines are screened for grain carotenoid content and disease susceptibility to analyse the impact of the current breeding strategies and to identify their strengths and putative limitations for future challenges. We conclude that selection for grain carotenoid content, the main strength for the tritordeum commercialization, should be reinforced not only by using the diversity of H. chilense but also incorporating beneficial alleles from durum wheat. Furthermore, genes for stem rust resistance from the A and B wheat genomes must be incorporated into tritordeum breeding programme. Finally, when selecting for threshability, tritordeums without chromosome substitutions should be preferentially selected using a marker‐assisted selection approach.
Tritordeum 是野生大麦 Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz.与硬质小麦或面包小麦杂交产生的新谷物，分别为六倍体和八倍体 Tritordeum。三叶草作为一种作物能否取得成功，取决于其育种计划是否有效。在这项工作中，我们筛选了谷物类胡萝卜素含量和病害易感性方面的先进三系小麦新品系，以分析当前育种策略的影响，并确定其优势和可能的局限性，以应对未来的挑战。我们的结论是，谷物类胡萝卜素含量是三疣梭子蟹商业化的主要优势，不仅应通过利用 H. chilense 的多样性，而且还应结合硬质小麦的有益等位基因来加强谷物类胡萝卜素含量的选育。此外，必须将小麦 A 和 B 基因组中抗茎锈病的基因纳入三叶草育种计划。最后，在选择脱粒性时，应采用标记辅助选择方法，优先选择没有染色体替换的三叶草。
{"title":"Prospects for tritordeum (×Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas, Nothosp. Nov.) cereal breeding: Key points for future challenges","authors":"Cristina Rodríguez‐Suárez, María Dolores Requena‐Ramírez, Elisabetta Mazzucotelli, Anna Maria Mastrangelo, Ilaria Marcotuli, Agata Gadaleta, Antonio Martín, Dámaso Hornero‐Méndez, Sergio G. Atienza","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13207","url":null,"abstract":"Tritordeum is the new cereal derived from crosses between the wild barley <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Hordeum chilense</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> Roem. et Schultz. and either durum or bread wheat, resulting in hexaploid and octoploid tritordeums, respectively. The success of tritordeum as a crop depends on the effectiveness of its breeding programme. In this work, new advanced tritordeum lines are screened for grain carotenoid content and disease susceptibility to analyse the impact of the current breeding strategies and to identify their strengths and putative limitations for future challenges. We conclude that selection for grain carotenoid content, the main strength for the tritordeum commercialization, should be reinforced not only by using the diversity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. chilense</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> but also incorporating beneficial alleles from durum wheat. Furthermore, genes for stem rust resistance from the A and B wheat genomes must be incorporated into tritordeum breeding programme. Finally, when selecting for threshability, tritordeums without chromosome substitutions should be preferentially selected using a marker‐assisted selection approach.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surendra Bhattarai, Hu Wang, Hari P. Poudel, Bill Biligetu
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) ‐ grass or alfalfa ‐ sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) mixtures are commonly used for pastures in western Canada because of their high forage quality and their low risk of causing frothy bloat in grazing animals. However, the proportion of these two legumes declines in mixed forage stands over time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selecting superior genotypes from clonally propagated alfalfa or sainfoin under plant competition in different growth environments. For this study, around 100 genotypes of each legume were cloned and transplanted into meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Relm.) or alfalfa swards at Saskatoon, SK and Lethbridge, AB, Canada in 2017. Genotype‐environment (G x E) interactions of alfalfa and sainfoin genotypes were analysed by an additive main‐effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Significant variations in plant height, spring vigour and total dry matter yield (TDM) were observed for both species. Among the measured traits, plant height was a more highly heritable trait (H2 = .16 for alfalfa and H2 = .18 for sainfoin), while TDM was the least heritable (H2 = .08 for alfalfa and H2 = .04 for sainfoin). In the AMMI Analysis of variance for TDM, the genotype explained <12% of the variation for both species, suggesting a direct selection of yield would result in a low genetic gain. The biplot mean performance (Y) x weighted average of absolute scores from the singular value decomposition of the matrix of BLUPs stability index (WAASB) identified several promising genotypes with superior performance and stability across different environments that were selected for producing synthetic lines. However, the synthetic lines of both alfalfa and sainfoin did not consistently exhibit superior performance in mixtures compared to their respective check cultivars.
{"title":"Evaluating effectiveness of clonal plant selection of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) in mixtures: Mean performance and stability in a multi‐environment trial","authors":"Surendra Bhattarai, Hu Wang, Hari P. Poudel, Bill Biligetu","doi":"10.1111/pbr.13194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13194","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Medicago sativa</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> L.) ‐ grass or alfalfa ‐ sainfoin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Onobrychis viciifolia</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> Scop.) mixtures are commonly used for pastures in western Canada because of their high forage quality and their low risk of causing frothy bloat in grazing animals. However, the proportion of these two legumes declines in mixed forage stands over time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selecting superior genotypes from clonally propagated alfalfa or sainfoin under plant competition in different growth environments. For this study, around 100 genotypes of each legume were cloned and transplanted into meadow bromegrass (<jats:italic>Bromus riparius</jats:italic> Relm.) or alfalfa swards at Saskatoon, SK and Lethbridge, AB, Canada in 2017. Genotype‐environment (G x E) interactions of alfalfa and sainfoin genotypes were analysed by an additive main‐effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Significant variations in plant height, spring vigour and total dry matter yield (TDM) were observed for both species. Among the measured traits, plant height was a more highly heritable trait (H<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = .16 for alfalfa and H<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = .18 for sainfoin), while TDM was the least heritable (H<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = .08 for alfalfa and H<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = .04 for sainfoin). In the AMMI Analysis of variance for TDM, the genotype explained <12% of the variation for both species, suggesting a direct selection of yield would result in a low genetic gain. The biplot mean performance (Y) x weighted average of absolute scores from the singular value decomposition of the matrix of BLUPs stability index (WAASB) identified several promising genotypes with superior performance and stability across different environments that were selected for producing synthetic lines. However, the synthetic lines of both alfalfa and sainfoin did not consistently exhibit superior performance in mixtures compared to their respective check cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20228,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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