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Arne Grøn’s Existential Hermeneutics: Existence, Ethics and Religion 《存在主义解释学:存在、伦理与宗教》
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-05301003
B. Hansen, Mads Peter Karlsen, R. Rosfort
This paper presents an introduction to Arne Grøn’s existential hermeneutics as a philosophical method, while also attempting to indicate how Grøn’s work contributes to and engages in a number of crucial topics in modern continental philosophy. The first section of the paper shows how Grøn draws on Paul Ricoeur and Michael Theunissen to rethink the concept of existence through a reading of Kierkegaard that uncouples this concept from the self-evident status it attained in twenty-century existentialism. The second section of the paper argues that Grøn proposes an existential ethics that takes the Kierkegaardian notion that humans are inherently normative beings and uses this as a basis for a critique of ethics, as well as for establishing an ethics of vision inspired by Kierkegaard. The third section of the paper presents a reading of Grøn’s notion of religion as an inextricable part of human existence.
本文介绍了作为一种哲学方法的阿恩·格洛恩的存在解释学,同时也试图表明格洛恩的工作是如何对现代欧陆哲学的一些关键话题做出贡献和参与的。论文的第一部分展示了格洛恩如何通过阅读克尔凯郭尔的作品来重新思考存在的概念,将这个概念从它在20世纪存在主义中获得的不言而喻的地位中分离出来。论文的第二部分认为,格洛恩提出了一种存在主义伦理学,该伦理学采用了克尔凯郭尔的观点,即人类本质上是规范性的存在,并以此为基础对伦理学进行批判,并建立了一种受克尔凯郭尔启发的视觉伦理学。论文的第三部分是对格若恩关于宗教是人类生存不可分割的一部分的观点的解读。
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引用次数: 0
Peter Zinkernagel and David Favrholdt: A Response to George Berkeley in Twentieth-Century Danish Philosophy Peter Zinkernagel和David Favrholdt:对20世纪丹麦哲学中乔治·伯克利的回应
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10006
Jørgen Huggler
Berkeley’s criticism of Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities is a challenge to epistemologists. Do we experience a mind-independent reality, even though we do it with the help of senses bound to give us subjective experiences? Berkeley – or a straw man by that name (i.e. Berkeley without God) – played an important part as sparring partner for an influential development of Danish theoretical philosophy in the second half of the 20th century. The protagonists here are Peter Zinkernagel (1921–2003) and David Favrholdt (1931–2012). Zinkernagel held an extraordinary appointment as research fellow at the University of Copenhagen. Favrholdt was the founding father of the Philosophical Institute at Odense University (today: University of Southern Denmark). This essay focuses on the constructive moments in Zinkernagel’s alternative to immaterialism, being based on a distinction between perception and action, and on Favrholdt’s development of a reconstruction of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities.
贝克莱对洛克区分主要品质和次要品质的批评是对认识论的挑战。我们是否体验到一个独立于心灵的现实,即使我们是在感官的帮助下,给我们主观的体验?伯克利——或者这个名字的稻草人(即没有上帝的伯克利)——在20世纪下半叶丹麦理论哲学的有影响力的发展中扮演了重要的角色。这里的主角是Peter Zinkernagel(1921-2003)和David Favrholdt(1931-2012)。Zinkernagel被特别任命为哥本哈根大学的研究员。Favrholdt是欧登塞大学(今天的南丹麦大学)哲学研究所的创始人。本文主要关注津克纳格尔对非唯物主义的替代中的建设性时刻,基于感知和行动之间的区别,以及法夫霍尔特对主要和次要品质之间区别的重建发展。
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引用次数: 0
Bioethics Research Group and Beyond: Three Decades of Studies in Ethics and Political Philosophy 生命伦理学研究小组及以后:伦理学和政治哲学研究三十年
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10011
N. Holtug, K. Lippert‐Rasmussen, J. Ryberg, P. Sandøe
The aim of this paper is to present some important contributions to ethics, value theory and political philosophy the former members of the Bioethics Research Group have made. The group was established at the University of Copenhagen in 1992 and was formally dissolved in 1997, but the members continued to work in ethics and political philosophy and set up research groups and centres at four Danish universities. Within four research themes, contributions made over the years are described. Research outputs of the group have, in various ways, served to bring studies of ethics and political philosophy originating in Denmark into the wider international research arena. Members of the group have increasingly included empirical approaches in their research and have thereby participated in the more general “empirical turn” in analytic philosophy. Some members of the group can also be said to have participated in a “pluralist turn”.
本文旨在介绍前生命伦理研究组成员在伦理学、价值论和政治哲学方面的一些重要贡献。该组织于1992年在哥本哈根大学成立,1997年正式解散,但成员们继续从事伦理和政治哲学方面的工作,并在四所丹麦大学建立了研究小组和中心。在四个研究主题中,描述了多年来所做的贡献。该小组的研究成果以各种方式有助于将起源于丹麦的伦理和政治哲学研究带入更广泛的国际研究领域。该小组的成员越来越多地在他们的研究中纳入实证方法,从而参与了分析哲学中更普遍的“实证转向”。该集团的一些成员也可以说参与了“多元化转向”。
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引用次数: 0
Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus 奥胡斯的日常语言哲学
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-05301004
Martin Ejsing Christensen, T. Bohl
This paper examines the way in which Ordinary Language Philosophy came to exert an important influence on the work done at Aarhus University’s department of philosophy in the latter half of the 20th century. The first section depicts the rise of Ordinary Language Philosophy as an international movement centered around Oxford in the wake of World War ii. The second section goes on to describe how it was brought to Aarhus by Professor Justus Hartnack, who had been deeply influenced by the movement during stays abroad in the UK and the US. The following three sections move on to describe some of the important ways in which Ordinary Language Philosophy has influenced the work of three of Hartnack’s most prominent students (Hans Fink, Uffe Juul Jensen and Jørgen Husted), who have influenced the life of the department in crucial ways from the 1970s until recently. Finally, the paper ends by briefly assessing the legacy and contemporary influence of Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus.
本文考察了普通语言哲学是如何在20世纪后半叶对奥胡斯大学哲学系的工作产生重要影响的。第一部分描述了日常语言哲学作为二战后以牛津为中心的国际运动的兴起。第二部分继续描述了它是如何被Justus Hartnack教授带到奥胡斯的,他在英国和美国逗留期间受到了该运动的深刻影响。下面的三个部分继续描述日常语言哲学对哈特纳克三位最杰出的学生(汉斯·芬克、乌夫·朱尔·詹森和约翰·赫斯特德)的工作的一些重要影响,这三位学生从20世纪70年代到最近一直以至关重要的方式影响着该系的生活。最后,本文简要评价了奥胡斯日常语言哲学的遗产及其对当代的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Jørgen Jørgensen’s Relation to Logical Positivism Jørgensen与逻辑实证主义的关系
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10002
C. Koch
Between the two World Wars, Jørgen Jørgensen was a central figure in Danish philosophy and internationally recognized, as his teacher Harald Høffding had been before World War 1. When in the late 1920s Jørgensen established contact with the movement that would later be called logical positivism, he found a group of philosophers of his own age who advocated empiricism, the tools of formal logic and the Unity of Science, and who shared his anti-metaphysical approach to philosophy. He became one of the movement’s organizers and wrote its history, but he was only for a short period influenced by especially Rudolf Carnap’s philosophy of logic. Although Jørgensen was never an uncritical member of the movement, he is often considered as a central representative of logical positivism in Scandinavia.
在两次世界大战之间,约根森是丹麦哲学的核心人物,并得到了国际上的认可,就像他的老师哈拉尔德·约根森在第一次世界大战之前一样。20世纪20年代末,当约根森与后来被称为逻辑实证主义的运动建立联系时,他发现了一群与他同时代的哲学家,他们主张经验主义、形式逻辑工具和科学的统一性,并分享了他的反形而上学哲学方法。他成为该运动的组织者之一,并撰写了该运动的历史,但他只在很短的一段时间内受到鲁道夫·卡尔纳普的逻辑哲学的影响。虽然约根森从来都不是一个不加批判的运动成员,但他经常被认为是斯堪的纳维亚地区逻辑实证主义的核心代表。
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引用次数: 0
Center for Subjectivity Research: History, Contribution and Impact 主体性研究中心:历史、贡献与影响
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10009
M. G. Henriksen, Felipe León, D. Zahavi
In this article, we describe the history and impact of the Center for Subjectivity Research (cfs) since its inception in 2002 and until 2020. From its very beginning, cfs was structured to facilitate and carry out interdisciplinary research on human subjectivity, taking phenomenology as an important source of inspiration. We cover some of the most important research areas in which cfs has had a national and international impact. These include developing the field of existential hermeneutics, opening a dialogue between phenomenology and analytic philosophy, creating a multi-dimensional account of the self, exploring the interrelations between I, you and we, and conceptualizing and assessing self-disorders in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Over the years, research at cfs has demonstrated the vitality of the phenomenological tradition, and shown how phenomenology can contribute to contemporary theoretical and scientific debates.
在这篇文章中,我们描述了主体性研究中心(cfs)自2002年成立到2020年的历史和影响。中心从一开始就以促进和开展人的主体性跨学科研究为宗旨,将现象学作为重要的灵感来源。我们涵盖了cfs在国内和国际上产生影响的一些最重要的研究领域。这些包括发展存在解释学领域,开启现象学和分析哲学之间的对话,创建一个多维的自我描述,探索我,你和我们之间的相互关系,以及概念化和评估精神分裂症谱系障碍中的自我障碍。多年来,中心的研究证明了现象学传统的活力,并展示了现象学如何为当代理论和科学辩论做出贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Pursuing “the Subjective” in “Subjective Rights” “主体性权利”中的“主体性”追求
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-bja10005
M. Jacobsen
This paper is a contribution to the conceptual history of subjective rights. The subjective right is generally understood as an individual right in contradistinction to the system of legal rules, which are named the ‘objective right.’ These notions have enjoyed immense popularity among Continental legal scholars and historians. This article gives an explanation of how the terms “subjective” and “objective” right came into usage in Germany, and it shows how these terms were elaborated within a metaphysical context. This paper suggests that the origin of this terminology is to be found in the philosophy of Christian Wolff and in particular in that of one of his pupils, Joachim Georg Darjes. The notion of a subjective right thus has its origin in an intellectualistic and perfectionist philosophy, where rights in a primary sense are at the same time conceived as duties.
本文是对主观权利概念史的一种贡献。主观权利通常被理解为一种个人权利,而法律规则体系则被称为“客观权利”。这些观念在大陆法律学者和历史学家中广受欢迎。本文解释了“主观权利”和“客观权利”这两个术语是如何在德国被使用的,并展示了这些术语是如何在形而上学的语境中被阐述的。本文认为,这一术语的起源可以在克里斯蒂安·沃尔夫的哲学中找到,特别是在他的一个学生约阿希姆·乔治·达尔杰斯的哲学中找到。因此,主观权利的概念起源于一种理智主义和完美主义哲学,在这种哲学中,基本意义上的权利同时被视为义务。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Knowledge: A Kantian Strategy 自我认识:康德的策略
Pub Date : 2019-09-09 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-05201008
U. Renz
In the past few years, the philosophical debate about self-knowledge has presented itself in a strikingly ‘pre-Kantian’ fashion. Some claimed that all sorts of self-knowledge can be analyzed in the manner of the empiricists, or in terms of cognitive psychology (to use a more contemporary label), whereas defenders of rationalism have not grown tired of voicing the claim that there must be some sort of self-knowledge present and underlying, as it were, all sorts of epistemic self-concern. It is against this background that this paper advocates what I would call a ‘Kantian’ strategy to approach the problem of self-knowledge. Taking Kant as a model, it argues, we may come to see how the current divide between empiricism and rationalism may be overcome in philosophical theorizing about self-knowledge.
在过去的几年里,关于自我认识的哲学辩论以一种惊人的“前康德”的方式出现。一些人声称,各种各样的自我认识都可以用经验主义者的方式来分析,或者用认知心理学的方式来分析(用一个更现代的标签),而理性主义的捍卫者则不厌其烦地宣称,一定有某种自我认识存在,并潜藏在各种认识论的自我关注之中。正是在这种背景下,本文提倡我称之为“康德”的策略来解决自我认识问题。它认为,以康德为榜样,我们可能会看到如何在关于自我认识的哲学理论化中克服目前经验主义和理性主义之间的分歧。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of a University: Theory, Practice, and Society 大学的概念:理论、实践与社会
Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-05201001
T. S. Goetze
Current disputes over the nature and purpose of the university are rooted in a philosophical divide between theory and practice. Academics often defend the concept of a university devoted to purely theoretical activities. Politicians and wider society tend to argue that the university should take on more practical concerns. I critique two typical defenses of the theoretical concept—one historical and one based on the value of pure research—and show that neither the theoretical nor the practical concept of a university accommodates all the important goals expected of university research and teaching. Using the classical pragmatist argument against a sharp division between theory and practice, I show how we can move beyond the debate between the theoretical and practical concepts of a university, while maintaining a place for pure and applied research, liberal and vocational education, and social impact through both economic applications and criticism aimed at promoting social justice.
目前关于大学的性质和目的的争论根源于理论与实践之间的哲学分歧。学者们经常为大学致力于纯理论活动的概念辩护。政治家和更广泛的社会倾向于认为大学应该承担更多的实际问题。我批判了对理论概念的两种典型辩护——一种是历史的,另一种是基于纯粹研究的价值——并表明,大学的理论概念和实践概念都不能满足大学研究和教学的所有重要目标。我用古典实用主义的观点来反对理论与实践之间的尖锐分歧,展示了我们如何能够超越大学理论与实践概念之间的争论,同时通过旨在促进社会正义的经济应用和批评,为纯粹和应用研究、自由和职业教育以及社会影响保持一席之地。
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引用次数: 3
The Response to George Berkeley’s Philosophy in Twentieth-Century Danish Experimental Psychology: Edgar Rubin and Edgar Tranekjær Rasmussen 20世纪丹麦实验心理学对乔治·伯克利哲学的回应:埃德加·鲁宾和埃德加·特拉内克·拉斯穆森
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/24689300-05101001
Jørgen Huggler
The purpose of this paper is to explore the reception of George Berkeley in a particular corner of 20th-century Danish psychology and philosophy. In contrast to philosophers, such as Peter Zinkernagel and David Favrholdt, Danish experimental psychologists, including Edgar Rubin and Edgar Tranekjær Rasmussen, made highly appreciative reference to the methodology and experimental observations of Berkeley and David Hume. This paper focuses on these psychologists’ interest in Berkeley’s ideas. I will first present Rubin’s path from a mosaic-like understanding of psychological phenomena (elemental psychology) to a holistic view, detailing what he termed adspective psychology and its method. I then turn to Rubin’s embrace of certain experimental observations made by Berkeley and, in particular, by Hume concerning the minima visibilia. The second part of the paper deals with Tranekjær Rasmussen’s interpretation of Berkeley’s work, and in particular of his immaterialism, his notion of God, and his critique of abstract ideas.
本文的目的是探讨乔治伯克利在20世纪丹麦心理学和哲学的一个特定角落的接受。与哲学家(如Peter Zinkernagel和David Favrholdt)不同,丹麦实验心理学家(包括Edgar Rubin和Edgar tranekj - ekr Rasmussen)对伯克利和休谟的方法论和实验观察给予了高度赞赏。本文主要关注这些心理学家对伯克利思想的兴趣。我将首先介绍鲁宾从对心理现象(元素心理学)的马赛克式理解到整体观点的路径,详细介绍他所谓的相应心理学及其方法。然后,我转向鲁宾对伯克利,特别是休谟关于最小可见性的某些实验观察的接受。论文的第二部分讨论了特拉内克·拉斯穆森对伯克利著作的解读,特别是他的非唯物主义、他的上帝观念以及他对抽象观念的批判。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Danish Yearbook of Philosophy
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