Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1044110
J. Cros, A.J. Perin, P. Viarouge
The soft magnetic composites (SMC) are new soft magnetic materials produced by a powder metallurgy process which can be used for 60 Hz applications. The SMC are interesting for the realization of electromagnetic components used in lighting applications where the current and voltage THD is relatively high. The isotropy of the SMC magnetic and thermal properties can be used to design new structures of inductors and electromagnetic ballasts with high power to weight ratio. In structures with cylindrical symmetry, EMI and audible hum can be reduced. The design of a low frequency inductor used for the passive power factor correction of a lamp ballast system demonstrates the advantages of the SMC. These materials are an interesting alternative technology for lighting system components in terms of efficiency improvement and minimization of the size, weight, and audible hum.
{"title":"Soft magnetic composites for electromagnetic components in lighting applications","authors":"J. Cros, A.J. Perin, P. Viarouge","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1044110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1044110","url":null,"abstract":"The soft magnetic composites (SMC) are new soft magnetic materials produced by a powder metallurgy process which can be used for 60 Hz applications. The SMC are interesting for the realization of electromagnetic components used in lighting applications where the current and voltage THD is relatively high. The isotropy of the SMC magnetic and thermal properties can be used to design new structures of inductors and electromagnetic ballasts with high power to weight ratio. In structures with cylindrical symmetry, EMI and audible hum can be reduced. The design of a low frequency inductor used for the passive power factor correction of a lamp ballast system demonstrates the advantages of the SMC. These materials are an interesting alternative technology for lighting system components in terms of efficiency improvement and minimization of the size, weight, and audible hum.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123308209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1044169
J. Dorleijn, L.H. Goud
During the past few years the electrical data of the cathodes of some fluorescent lamps were standardized. An explanation is given of the choices made for standardizing the static resistances of the cathode coils. Also in the forthcoming new editions of the IEC standards for fluorescent lamps (IEC 60901 "Single-capped fluorescent lamps" and IEC 60081 "Double-capped fluorescent lamps") several lamps will get a new and more general description for the preheating of electrodes. The physical background and justification for this description are given.
{"title":"Standardisation of the static resistances of fluorescent lamp cathodes and new data for preheating","authors":"J. Dorleijn, L.H. Goud","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1044169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1044169","url":null,"abstract":"During the past few years the electrical data of the cathodes of some fluorescent lamps were standardized. An explanation is given of the choices made for standardizing the static resistances of the cathode coils. Also in the forthcoming new editions of the IEC standards for fluorescent lamps (IEC 60901 \"Single-capped fluorescent lamps\" and IEC 60081 \"Double-capped fluorescent lamps\") several lamps will get a new and more general description for the preheating of electrodes. The physical background and justification for this description are given.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121012994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043824
G. Andersen, F. Blaabjerg
The grid current harmonics of a current-programmed-controlled (CPC) PFC rectifier strongly depends on the choice of switching frequency and switching inductance. This paper describes a new, simple and very fast method to calculate the grid current of a CPC controlled PFC converter. The method includes ramp compensation, different command current waveforms and the influence of the filter. One method shows how the product of the inductance and the switching frequency determines the maximum power level and complies with IEC-61000-3-2. Design examples illustrate the possibilities of the presented design tool. The method is compared with simulated values as well with measured values and the calculations match very well.
{"title":"Designing single phase current-programmed-controlled rectifiers by harmonic currents","authors":"G. Andersen, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1043824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1043824","url":null,"abstract":"The grid current harmonics of a current-programmed-controlled (CPC) PFC rectifier strongly depends on the choice of switching frequency and switching inductance. This paper describes a new, simple and very fast method to calculate the grid current of a CPC controlled PFC converter. The method includes ramp compensation, different command current waveforms and the influence of the filter. One method shows how the product of the inductance and the switching frequency determines the maximum power level and complies with IEC-61000-3-2. Design examples illustrate the possibilities of the presented design tool. The method is compared with simulated values as well with measured values and the calculations match very well.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121504699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042808
Li Sun, Hanying Gao, Qingliang Song, J. Nei
In order to resolve the torque ripple of the PM brushless DC motor, two methods of testing torque ripple are developed. One is a balanced direct testing method and the other is a current indirect testing method. The measurement errors are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the two testing methods are agreement.
{"title":"Measurement of torque ripple in PM brushless motors","authors":"Li Sun, Hanying Gao, Qingliang Song, J. Nei","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042808","url":null,"abstract":"In order to resolve the torque ripple of the PM brushless DC motor, two methods of testing torque ripple are developed. One is a balanced direct testing method and the other is a current indirect testing method. The measurement errors are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the two testing methods are agreement.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133417840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042659
V. Leppanen, J. Luomi
A controller structure is proposed for the tracking of the rotor flux angle in a speed sensorless induction motor. The method is based on the fundamental-wave induction motor model that is augmented with the mechanical dynamics. A low-frequency current test signal is injected into the stator winding, and the response of the stator voltage is used to produce an error signal that can be controlled to zero by forcing the current signal into the direction of the rotor flux. The validity of the method down to zero stator frequency and speed is confirmed by the results of simulations and experiments.
{"title":"Rotor flux angle tracking controller for sensorless induction motor drives","authors":"V. Leppanen, J. Luomi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042659","url":null,"abstract":"A controller structure is proposed for the tracking of the rotor flux angle in a speed sensorless induction motor. The method is based on the fundamental-wave induction motor model that is augmented with the mechanical dynamics. A low-frequency current test signal is injected into the stator winding, and the response of the stator voltage is used to produce an error signal that can be controlled to zero by forcing the current signal into the direction of the rotor flux. The validity of the method down to zero stator frequency and speed is confirmed by the results of simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133687302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042816
S. Musumeci, R. Pagano, A. Raciti, G. Belverde, A. Melito
Short circuit faults of IGBTs determine overcurrent through the devices subsequently to a turn-on switching or during the on-state condition, leading respectively to hard switching fault (HSF) or fault under load (FUL). Firstly, the state of the art as appearing in literature is recalled and discussed. A new short-circuit protection scheme, which allows protection of IGBT devices against fault under load and hard switching fault transients, is presented. It performs the fault current limiting action within the short circuit time, and subsequently forces the device to gate on again in a tentative turn-on. Moreover, the proposed circuitry allows strong bounding of the peak of the current in FUL transients. The validity and correctness of the proposed approach has been extensively validated by experimental tests.
{"title":"A new gate circuit performing fault protections of IGBTs during short circuit transients","authors":"S. Musumeci, R. Pagano, A. Raciti, G. Belverde, A. Melito","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042816","url":null,"abstract":"Short circuit faults of IGBTs determine overcurrent through the devices subsequently to a turn-on switching or during the on-state condition, leading respectively to hard switching fault (HSF) or fault under load (FUL). Firstly, the state of the art as appearing in literature is recalled and discussed. A new short-circuit protection scheme, which allows protection of IGBT devices against fault under load and hard switching fault transients, is presented. It performs the fault current limiting action within the short circuit time, and subsequently forces the device to gate on again in a tentative turn-on. Moreover, the proposed circuitry allows strong bounding of the peak of the current in FUL transients. The validity and correctness of the proposed approach has been extensively validated by experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134484936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1044093
M. Elbuluk, A. Hammoud, S. Gerber, R. Patterson
DC/DC converters are widely used in power management, conditioning, and control of space power systems. Deep space applications require electronics that withstand cryogenic temperature and meet a stringent radiation tolerance. In this work, the performance of an advanced, radiation-hardened (radhard) commercial DC/DC converter module was investigated at cryogenic temperatures. The converter was investigated in terms of its steady state and dynamic operations. The output voltage regulation, efficiency, terminal current ripple characteristics, and output voltage response to load changes were determined in the temperature range of 20/spl deg/C to - 140/spl deg/C. These parameters were obtained at various load levels and at different input voltages. The experimental procedures along with the results obtained on the investigated converter are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Cryogenic evaluation of an advanced DC/DC converter module for deep space applications","authors":"M. Elbuluk, A. Hammoud, S. Gerber, R. Patterson","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1044093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1044093","url":null,"abstract":"DC/DC converters are widely used in power management, conditioning, and control of space power systems. Deep space applications require electronics that withstand cryogenic temperature and meet a stringent radiation tolerance. In this work, the performance of an advanced, radiation-hardened (radhard) commercial DC/DC converter module was investigated at cryogenic temperatures. The converter was investigated in terms of its steady state and dynamic operations. The output voltage regulation, efficiency, terminal current ripple characteristics, and output voltage response to load changes were determined in the temperature range of 20/spl deg/C to - 140/spl deg/C. These parameters were obtained at various load levels and at different input voltages. The experimental procedures along with the results obtained on the investigated converter are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134569612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043777
K. Shimizu, S. Saeki, G. Yamada, T. Oda
Emission spectrometry in the atmospheric pressure discharge was carried out to understand reaction mechanisms of active species, as the discharge plasma processing is significantly influenced by the gas components. The N/sub 2/ second positive band (SPB), the N/sub 2/ first negative band (FNB) and the NO-/spl gamma/ band were investigated using a digital controlled spectrometer and an ICCD camera. When dielectric pellets were placed between a needle-plate type electrode, these emissions decreased along with the electrode axis. In the positive streamer discharges of needle-plate electrodes, high-energy electrons were mainly produced around the tip of the needle electrode leading to the N/sub 2/ first negative band. When the discharge energy exceeded a certain value, the intensity of the N/sub 2/ first negative band increased, compared to other bands. This is due to the presence of high-energy electrons below the needle electrode and on the dielectric plate. The emission spectrum observation with time resolution allowed us to conclude that the N/sub 2/ second positive band emission and that of N/sub 2/ first negative band emission were extinguished within 200 ns, while that of NO-/spl gamma/ band continued for more than 3 /spl mu/s. This could be due to a difference in the mechanisms of light emission. N/sub 2/ second positive band and N/sub 2/ first negative band were excited by electron collisions, while NO-/spl gamma/ band was energized by collisions of N/sub 2/(A)-state molecules. Distribution of NO molecules in the corona discharge or the barrier discharge was obtained from a decay constant of NO-/spl gamma/ band emission. NO could be decomposed by a reducing reaction at the tip of the needle in the corona discharge. On the contrary, NO could be decomposed by a reducing reaction around the plate electrode in the barrier discharge.
{"title":"Emission spectrometry of NO or activated nitrogen species in non-thermal plasma","authors":"K. Shimizu, S. Saeki, G. Yamada, T. Oda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1043777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1043777","url":null,"abstract":"Emission spectrometry in the atmospheric pressure discharge was carried out to understand reaction mechanisms of active species, as the discharge plasma processing is significantly influenced by the gas components. The N/sub 2/ second positive band (SPB), the N/sub 2/ first negative band (FNB) and the NO-/spl gamma/ band were investigated using a digital controlled spectrometer and an ICCD camera. When dielectric pellets were placed between a needle-plate type electrode, these emissions decreased along with the electrode axis. In the positive streamer discharges of needle-plate electrodes, high-energy electrons were mainly produced around the tip of the needle electrode leading to the N/sub 2/ first negative band. When the discharge energy exceeded a certain value, the intensity of the N/sub 2/ first negative band increased, compared to other bands. This is due to the presence of high-energy electrons below the needle electrode and on the dielectric plate. The emission spectrum observation with time resolution allowed us to conclude that the N/sub 2/ second positive band emission and that of N/sub 2/ first negative band emission were extinguished within 200 ns, while that of NO-/spl gamma/ band continued for more than 3 /spl mu/s. This could be due to a difference in the mechanisms of light emission. N/sub 2/ second positive band and N/sub 2/ first negative band were excited by electron collisions, while NO-/spl gamma/ band was energized by collisions of N/sub 2/(A)-state molecules. Distribution of NO molecules in the corona discharge or the barrier discharge was obtained from a decay constant of NO-/spl gamma/ band emission. NO could be decomposed by a reducing reaction at the tip of the needle in the corona discharge. On the contrary, NO could be decomposed by a reducing reaction around the plate electrode in the barrier discharge.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114305430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043804
S. Halász, A. Zakharov
In the region of high voltage and power, a high quality inverter-fed AC drive is more easily obtained by the use of multi-level inverters. In the first case three-level inverters should be taken into consideration. One of the important quality indexes of the PWM technique is the inverter-fed motor harmonic losses. They can be characterized by the generalized loss-factor. It is shown that for three-level inverters three different PWM regions can be introduced where different PWM strategies should be applied. The paper deals with computations of the generalized loss-factor of three-level inverters in the case of space vector modulation and the comparison of the different PWM methods on the basis of this factor. It is shown that the generalized loss-factors of three-level inverters are 4-35 times lower than those are for two-level inverters.
{"title":"PWM strategies of three-level inverter-fed AC drives","authors":"S. Halász, A. Zakharov","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1043804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1043804","url":null,"abstract":"In the region of high voltage and power, a high quality inverter-fed AC drive is more easily obtained by the use of multi-level inverters. In the first case three-level inverters should be taken into consideration. One of the important quality indexes of the PWM technique is the inverter-fed motor harmonic losses. They can be characterized by the generalized loss-factor. It is shown that for three-level inverters three different PWM regions can be introduced where different PWM strategies should be applied. The paper deals with computations of the generalized loss-factor of three-level inverters in the case of space vector modulation and the comparison of the different PWM methods on the basis of this factor. It is shown that the generalized loss-factors of three-level inverters are 4-35 times lower than those are for two-level inverters.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114486862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042755
L. Troudi, S. Aissi, G. Zissis, K. Charrada, M. Sassi
A finite-element analysis code based on the resolution of fluid equations is developed to simulate metal halide discharge lamps. For a realistic modelling of the discharge, many fundamental data are needed, this work is devoted to the computation of the transport coefficients in discharge lamp using thallium iodide doped mercury. For this purpose we have first calculated the plasma composition under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition, then we have computed transport coefficients for different interactions. In the next step chemical model will be coupled to a fluid model to simulate the behaviour of the discharge plasma.
{"title":"Numerical modelling of metal halide discharge lamp","authors":"L. Troudi, S. Aissi, G. Zissis, K. Charrada, M. Sassi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042755","url":null,"abstract":"A finite-element analysis code based on the resolution of fluid equations is developed to simulate metal halide discharge lamps. For a realistic modelling of the discharge, many fundamental data are needed, this work is devoted to the computation of the transport coefficients in discharge lamp using thallium iodide doped mercury. For this purpose we have first calculated the plasma composition under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition, then we have computed transport coefficients for different interactions. In the next step chemical model will be coupled to a fluid model to simulate the behaviour of the discharge plasma.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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