Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042719
M. Aydin, Surong Huang, T. Lipo
This paper presents a new axial flux surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) field controlled TORUS type (FCT) machine. Machine structure and principles are explored and the field weakening feature of the topology as well as the advantages of the machine are presented in the first part. The second section introduces the linear model and sizing analysis using generalized sizing equations. Optimization of the machine pole number and power density maximization for the optimum pole number is also achieved. In the third section, 3D finite element analyses (FEA) of the topology are illustrated for different field currents in order to accomplish the machine design and to determine the sizing of the optimum field winding. Furthermore, torque analysis of the FCT machine using 3D finite element analysis is also carried out and illustrated in the paper.
{"title":"A new axial flux surface mounted permanent magnet machine capable of field control","authors":"M. Aydin, Surong Huang, T. Lipo","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new axial flux surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) field controlled TORUS type (FCT) machine. Machine structure and principles are explored and the field weakening feature of the topology as well as the advantages of the machine are presented in the first part. The second section introduces the linear model and sizing analysis using generalized sizing equations. Optimization of the machine pole number and power density maximization for the optimum pole number is also achieved. In the third section, 3D finite element analyses (FEA) of the topology are illustrated for different field currents in order to accomplish the machine design and to determine the sizing of the optimum field winding. Furthermore, torque analysis of the FCT machine using 3D finite element analysis is also carried out and illustrated in the paper.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123514417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043801
D. Neacşu, E. Wagner, B. Borowy
One solution for high current applications consists of paralleling power stages of lower power. This paper analyzes and justifies the selection of the PWM algorithm used within interleaved three-phase power inverters with respect to the resulting phase current harmonics, DC link current harmonics, neutral point voltage and inter-converter circulation currents. Analytical aspects of different current control structures used within interleaved power electronics systems and effects of selecting various PWM algorithms are revealed. Finally, analysis of the DSP implementation for different practical solutions is shown.
{"title":"Selection of the PWM algorithm for 3-phase interleaved converters","authors":"D. Neacşu, E. Wagner, B. Borowy","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1043801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1043801","url":null,"abstract":"One solution for high current applications consists of paralleling power stages of lower power. This paper analyzes and justifies the selection of the PWM algorithm used within interleaved three-phase power inverters with respect to the resulting phase current harmonics, DC link current harmonics, neutral point voltage and inter-converter circulation currents. Analytical aspects of different current control structures used within interleaved power electronics systems and effects of selecting various PWM algorithms are revealed. Finally, analysis of the DSP implementation for different practical solutions is shown.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121399445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1044163
Hyung-Min Ryu, S. Sul
In this paper, the position control system for direct landing of an elevator is addressed. Conventional systems have employed independent microprocessors for speed, car, and group control respectively and the car controller usually generates a velocity command by combining the time-based and distance-based velocity pattern. In the scheme, it is inevitable that an elevator creeps or stops abruptly in the vicinity of target position. The proposed position control system uses only one high-performance microprocessor, which can execute the car and group control algorithm as well as the speed control algorithm. It simply generates the desired position trajectory (s-curve) based on time and corrects on-line a velocity pattern to make the position error zero. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
{"title":"Position control for direct landing of elevator using time-based position pattern generation","authors":"Hyung-Min Ryu, S. Sul","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1044163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1044163","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the position control system for direct landing of an elevator is addressed. Conventional systems have employed independent microprocessors for speed, car, and group control respectively and the car controller usually generates a velocity command by combining the time-based and distance-based velocity pattern. In the scheme, it is inevitable that an elevator creeps or stops abruptly in the vicinity of target position. The proposed position control system uses only one high-performance microprocessor, which can execute the car and group control algorithm as well as the speed control algorithm. It simply generates the desired position trajectory (s-curve) based on time and corrects on-line a velocity pattern to make the position error zero. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121418008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043743
L. Mihalache
This paper presents a fully digital control method that can be used for inverters used in 400 Hz aircraft ground power units. The method presents an ideal tracking controller that incorporates the computational delay as well as the quantization effects. It uses an observer for the output current third, fifth and seventh harmonics in order to achieve decoupling between the voltage and current loops thus leading to a low THD content in presence of non-linear loads The implementation of the observer is reduced to IIR filters with normal architecture that have minimum round off errors. The control method is implemented on a 16-bit single chip DSP-based controller from Analog Devices (ADMC401) and tested on a single-phase 10 kVA IGBT-based inverter prototype showing almost complete elimination of the third, fifth and seventh harmonics from the output voltage.
{"title":"DSP control of 400 Hz inverters for aircraft applications","authors":"L. Mihalache","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1043743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1043743","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully digital control method that can be used for inverters used in 400 Hz aircraft ground power units. The method presents an ideal tracking controller that incorporates the computational delay as well as the quantization effects. It uses an observer for the output current third, fifth and seventh harmonics in order to achieve decoupling between the voltage and current loops thus leading to a low THD content in presence of non-linear loads The implementation of the observer is reduced to IIR filters with normal architecture that have minimum round off errors. The control method is implemented on a 16-bit single chip DSP-based controller from Analog Devices (ADMC401) and tested on a single-phase 10 kVA IGBT-based inverter prototype showing almost complete elimination of the third, fifth and seventh harmonics from the output voltage.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128250236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1044067
Zhanfeng Deng, Xinjian Jiang, Dongqi Zhu
In this paper, a novel hybrid filter topology is proposed. It consists of a novel passive filter and an active filter connected in series. The passive filter is composed of a 3/sup rd/- and a 9/sup th/- tuned filter branch and a high-pass filter branch. Each branch includes three star-connected capacitors and an inductor (and an extra resistor in the high-pass branch) connected in series. As the capacitors withstand all the nonzero sequence voltage, the voltage rating of the active filter is reduced substantially. Moreover, there are only zero-sequence fundamental and harmonic currents flowing in the inductors and the active filter, resulting in a reduction of the current ratings. Experimental results from a prototype conform the feasibility of the proposed topology.
{"title":"A novel hybrid filter to cancel the neutral harmonic current","authors":"Zhanfeng Deng, Xinjian Jiang, Dongqi Zhu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1044067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1044067","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel hybrid filter topology is proposed. It consists of a novel passive filter and an active filter connected in series. The passive filter is composed of a 3/sup rd/- and a 9/sup th/- tuned filter branch and a high-pass filter branch. Each branch includes three star-connected capacitors and an inductor (and an extra resistor in the high-pass branch) connected in series. As the capacitors withstand all the nonzero sequence voltage, the voltage rating of the active filter is reduced substantially. Moreover, there are only zero-sequence fundamental and harmonic currents flowing in the inductors and the active filter, resulting in a reduction of the current ratings. Experimental results from a prototype conform the feasibility of the proposed topology.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042670
A. van den Bossche, V. Valchev, T. Filchev
The purpose of this paper is to propose new analytical approximations for fringing flux calculations around the air gaps of inductor cores, including multiple gap cases and different symmetrical cases. Existing 3D techniques using finite element analysis are accurate but require a prohibitive amount of simulation time and special software. We propose an improved analytical approximation for fringing permeance calculation for the most usual field patterns. The approach is extended form 2D to 3D giving analytical solutions for corner effects, thus providing a better accuracy of the approximation. The derived fringing coefficients are used to present all symmetrical cases and cases with multiple air gaps. The accuracy of the proposed equations is sufficient for a normal engineering design. The advantages of analytical approximations are the possibility of generating diagrams, of solving the reverse problems and optimizing more complex problems.
{"title":"Improved approximation for fringing permeances in gapped inductors","authors":"A. van den Bossche, V. Valchev, T. Filchev","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042670","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to propose new analytical approximations for fringing flux calculations around the air gaps of inductor cores, including multiple gap cases and different symmetrical cases. Existing 3D techniques using finite element analysis are accurate but require a prohibitive amount of simulation time and special software. We propose an improved analytical approximation for fringing permeance calculation for the most usual field patterns. The approach is extended form 2D to 3D giving analytical solutions for corner effects, thus providing a better accuracy of the approximation. The derived fringing coefficients are used to present all symmetrical cases and cases with multiple air gaps. The accuracy of the proposed equations is sufficient for a normal engineering design. The advantages of analytical approximations are the possibility of generating diagrams, of solving the reverse problems and optimizing more complex problems.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130192004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042700
Rong Zheng, Jinliang He, Jun Hu, G. Lu, B. Luo
In China, the grounding system is made of steel. When the steel corrodes, it is a potential problem and very dangerous to the power system, since it is buried under ground. How to obtain the status of the corrosion easily is very important for the safety of the operation. A novel method is proposed, by which corrosion status of grounding system can be diagnosed from measured port resistances among the touchable down-lead conductors connected to the grounding grid. First, the mathematical relationship between the corrosion status of the grounding grid's all grounding conductors and the measured port resistances is deduced in detail based on circuit model and theory. Then, an appropriate mathematical model is discussed for practicable computation. The completed corrosion diagnosis system, including hardware device of data measurement, diagnosis and analysis software, is also introduced concisely. Finally, the field test report is provided to validate the method.
{"title":"The theory and implementation of corrosion diagnosis for grounding system","authors":"Rong Zheng, Jinliang He, Jun Hu, G. Lu, B. Luo","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042700","url":null,"abstract":"In China, the grounding system is made of steel. When the steel corrodes, it is a potential problem and very dangerous to the power system, since it is buried under ground. How to obtain the status of the corrosion easily is very important for the safety of the operation. A novel method is proposed, by which corrosion status of grounding system can be diagnosed from measured port resistances among the touchable down-lead conductors connected to the grounding grid. First, the mathematical relationship between the corrosion status of the grounding grid's all grounding conductors and the measured port resistances is deduced in detail based on circuit model and theory. Then, an appropriate mathematical model is discussed for practicable computation. The completed corrosion diagnosis system, including hardware device of data measurement, diagnosis and analysis software, is also introduced concisely. Finally, the field test report is provided to validate the method.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128713144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1042708
Marco Liserre, A. Dell'Aquila, F. Blaabjerg
Industrial engineers face many nonideal operating conditions in the design of the active rectifiers: too long computation time, presence of acquisition filters, AC phases unbalance, location of the grid voltage sensors after a dominant reactance and passive damping if an LCL-filter is used. The phenomena generated by these conditions are generally nonlinear. Hence the first step is to find out how much each of them affects the system's overall performance. Then new rules for the tuning of the controllers can be developed on the basis of the analysis of the transient behavior and of the steady state harmonic content of the DC voltage and of the AC current. This procedure is developed in this paper through simulations and laboratory tests.
{"title":"Design and control of a three-phase active rectifier under non-ideal operating conditions","authors":"Marco Liserre, A. Dell'Aquila, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1042708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1042708","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial engineers face many nonideal operating conditions in the design of the active rectifiers: too long computation time, presence of acquisition filters, AC phases unbalance, location of the grid voltage sensors after a dominant reactance and passive damping if an LCL-filter is used. The phenomena generated by these conditions are generally nonlinear. Hence the first step is to find out how much each of them affects the system's overall performance. Then new rules for the tuning of the controllers can be developed on the basis of the analysis of the transient behavior and of the steady state harmonic content of the DC voltage and of the AC current. This procedure is developed in this paper through simulations and laboratory tests.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128846184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1044174
C. Kral, F. Pirker, G. Pascoli, E. Wiedenbrug
Short-circuit protection of electrical motors in explosive gas atmosphere, as in underground mines, is an important duty. Short-circuit currents of high magnitude may cause explosions and fire. But even the starting current of an induction motor is a multiple of nominal current. Consequently protection devices should have a high sensitivity to faults. This paper discusses the application of space phasors for the identification of high inertia startups. The complex motor impedance can be calculated from the voltage and current space phasor and runs along a circle during startup. This complex impedance can be used for monitoring and diagnosis purposes.
{"title":"Application of space phasors for the discrimination of short-circuits and high inertia startups","authors":"C. Kral, F. Pirker, G. Pascoli, E. Wiedenbrug","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1044174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1044174","url":null,"abstract":"Short-circuit protection of electrical motors in explosive gas atmosphere, as in underground mines, is an important duty. Short-circuit currents of high magnitude may cause explosions and fire. But even the starting current of an induction motor is a multiple of nominal current. Consequently protection devices should have a high sensitivity to faults. This paper discusses the application of space phasors for the identification of high inertia startups. The complex motor impedance can be calculated from the voltage and current space phasor and runs along a circle during startup. This complex impedance can be used for monitoring and diagnosis purposes.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121832765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043812
A. Lelkes, J. Krotsch, R. D. De Doncker
An important market for brushless DC (BLDC) motors is fan applications, where low acoustic noise is of increasing importance. External rotor motors are especially advantageous for space-saving fan-motor-units. The acoustic noise of the motor can be influenced considerably through commutation strategy. The commutating process has been analyzed using space vectors. Motor noise has been reduced significantly using new modulation strategies.
{"title":"Low-noise external rotor BLDC motor for fan applications","authors":"A. Lelkes, J. Krotsch, R. D. De Doncker","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2002.1043812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2002.1043812","url":null,"abstract":"An important market for brushless DC (BLDC) motors is fan applications, where low acoustic noise is of increasing importance. External rotor motors are especially advantageous for space-saving fan-motor-units. The acoustic noise of the motor can be influenced considerably through commutation strategy. The commutating process has been analyzed using space vectors. Motor noise has been reduced significantly using new modulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":202482,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122832438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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