Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1094/php-05-23-0053-sc
Melanie Lewis Ivey, Alejandra Maria Jimenez Madrid
Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora sparsa, is a systemic disease of blackberry that can cause significant production losses worldwide. P. sparsa in disseminated through asymptomatic infected blackberry plants. Currently there is no clean plant certification program for blackberry downy mildew. The objective of this research was to determine the detection frequency of P. sparsa in blackberry roots, stems, and leaves for the development of sampling guidelines for asymptomatic nursery plants. Stems, emerging leaves, and fully expanded leaves collected from commercial ‘Natchez’, ‘Ouachita’ and ‘Caddo’ nursery stock were tested by nested PCR using published primers at early bud sprouting, vegetative, and flowering to green berry phenological stages for the presence of P. sparsa. Initially, 90%, 40%, and 100% of Caddo, Natchez, and Ouachita, respectively, tested positive for P. sparsa. Detection of P. sparsa was inconsistent across cultivar, tissue type, plant, and phenological stage. Except for Natchez plants, P. sparsa was detected most frequently in leaves at all three phenological stages. Overall, detection of P. sparsa in Natchez was low with the highest frequency of detection occurring at the vegetative stage. For Caddo and Ouachita, newly emerging leaves at the bud sprouting stage yielded a slightly higher frequency of detection than fully expanded leaves. The detection frequency in stem or root tissue ranged from 0-50% depending on the cultivar and phenological stage. In this study we demonstrated that sampling newly emerging leaves at early bud break will result in an 80-90% detection frequency in cultivars that are susceptible to P. sparsa.
{"title":"Sampling for the Early Detection of Peronospora sparsa in Blackberry Nursery Stock Plants","authors":"Melanie Lewis Ivey, Alejandra Maria Jimenez Madrid","doi":"10.1094/php-05-23-0053-sc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-05-23-0053-sc","url":null,"abstract":"Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora sparsa, is a systemic disease of blackberry that can cause significant production losses worldwide. P. sparsa in disseminated through asymptomatic infected blackberry plants. Currently there is no clean plant certification program for blackberry downy mildew. The objective of this research was to determine the detection frequency of P. sparsa in blackberry roots, stems, and leaves for the development of sampling guidelines for asymptomatic nursery plants. Stems, emerging leaves, and fully expanded leaves collected from commercial ‘Natchez’, ‘Ouachita’ and ‘Caddo’ nursery stock were tested by nested PCR using published primers at early bud sprouting, vegetative, and flowering to green berry phenological stages for the presence of P. sparsa. Initially, 90%, 40%, and 100% of Caddo, Natchez, and Ouachita, respectively, tested positive for P. sparsa. Detection of P. sparsa was inconsistent across cultivar, tissue type, plant, and phenological stage. Except for Natchez plants, P. sparsa was detected most frequently in leaves at all three phenological stages. Overall, detection of P. sparsa in Natchez was low with the highest frequency of detection occurring at the vegetative stage. For Caddo and Ouachita, newly emerging leaves at the bud sprouting stage yielded a slightly higher frequency of detection than fully expanded leaves. The detection frequency in stem or root tissue ranged from 0-50% depending on the cultivar and phenological stage. In this study we demonstrated that sampling newly emerging leaves at early bud break will result in an 80-90% detection frequency in cultivars that are susceptible to P. sparsa.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1094/php-06-23-0055-rs
Collins Bugingo, Monica Brelsford, Kevin McPhee, Mary Burrows
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) is a devastating disease of lentils impacting yield in the Northern Great Plains. Characterizing the different pathotypes of Fol and their distribution is an essential part of breeding for resistant cultivars. To date, there has been no characterization of Fol pathotypes in North America. Using a lentil differential set from the International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), fifty-one pathogenic isolates of Fol from Canada, Montana, Washington, and North Dakota were characterized basing on virulence assessed on foliar wilt symptoms using a Disease Index (DI). Nine pathotypes were identified whereby pathotype 7 was highly virulent on all the differential sets and the most predominant at 55%. This study identified for the first time Fol pathotypes present in North America. These findings will help in future efforts for Fusarium wilt management in lentils.
扁豆枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, Fol)是影响北方大平原扁豆产量的一种毁灭性病害。确定鸢尾病的不同病型及其分布特征是抗性品种选育的重要组成部分。迄今为止，在北美还没有Fol病理类型的特征。利用国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)的扁豆鉴别集，利用疾病指数(DI)对来自加拿大、蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和北达科他州的51株Fol致病分离株的叶面枯萎症状进行了毒力评估。鉴定出9种病型，其中病型7在所有不同的组中都是高毒力的，占55%。本研究首次确定了北美存在的Fol病理类型。这些发现将有助于未来扁豆枯萎病管理的努力。
{"title":"Pathotype-characterization of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lentis (Fol)</i> Isolates in North America","authors":"Collins Bugingo, Monica Brelsford, Kevin McPhee, Mary Burrows","doi":"10.1094/php-06-23-0055-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-06-23-0055-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) is a devastating disease of lentils impacting yield in the Northern Great Plains. Characterizing the different pathotypes of Fol and their distribution is an essential part of breeding for resistant cultivars. To date, there has been no characterization of Fol pathotypes in North America. Using a lentil differential set from the International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), fifty-one pathogenic isolates of Fol from Canada, Montana, Washington, and North Dakota were characterized basing on virulence assessed on foliar wilt symptoms using a Disease Index (DI). Nine pathotypes were identified whereby pathotype 7 was highly virulent on all the differential sets and the most predominant at 55%. This study identified for the first time Fol pathotypes present in North America. These findings will help in future efforts for Fusarium wilt management in lentils.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1094/php-07-23-0062-rs
Nadav Nitzan, Hezi Goren
Sweet basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by Peronospora belbahrii is the most destructive disease of commercially produced sweet basil in Israel and unless properly managed, may lead to 100% yield reduction. Four experiments were conducted over three growing seasons (fall 2021, fall 2022 and spring 2023) under commercial-like conditions to determine the efficacy of the phosphonic acid-based fungicide Canon ® following a conservative, seven-day protective spraying protocol. While Canon did not eradicate the pathogen, treated plants had 41 to 99.9% less (P<0.05) disease incidence and / or severity than the untreated control plants. The disease scores on plants treated with Canon were similar (P>0.05) to an alternation of Revus ® / Cabrio ® in fall 2021; less (P<0.05) than Revus in fall 2022 and higher (P<0.05) than an alternation of Acrobat ® / Cabrio at the end of the spring 2023 experiment. The inhibitory effect of Canon, its short pre-harvest application interval and low cost compared to other fungicides make it an excellent addition and a potential replacement for controlling BDM under greenhouse conditions that should be further explored.
{"title":"The Potassium Phosphite-Based Fungicide Canon<sup>®</sup> Controls Basil Downy Mildew Under Greenhouse Conditions in Israel","authors":"Nadav Nitzan, Hezi Goren","doi":"10.1094/php-07-23-0062-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-23-0062-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by Peronospora belbahrii is the most destructive disease of commercially produced sweet basil in Israel and unless properly managed, may lead to 100% yield reduction. Four experiments were conducted over three growing seasons (fall 2021, fall 2022 and spring 2023) under commercial-like conditions to determine the efficacy of the phosphonic acid-based fungicide Canon ® following a conservative, seven-day protective spraying protocol. While Canon did not eradicate the pathogen, treated plants had 41 to 99.9% less (P<0.05) disease incidence and / or severity than the untreated control plants. The disease scores on plants treated with Canon were similar (P>0.05) to an alternation of Revus ® / Cabrio ® in fall 2021; less (P<0.05) than Revus in fall 2022 and higher (P<0.05) than an alternation of Acrobat ® / Cabrio at the end of the spring 2023 experiment. The inhibitory effect of Canon, its short pre-harvest application interval and low cost compared to other fungicides make it an excellent addition and a potential replacement for controlling BDM under greenhouse conditions that should be further explored.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1094/php-03-23-0027-rp
Ellen R. Dickstein, Ana Maria Bocsanczy, Patrice Champoiseau, Jeff Jones, David Norman, Mathews Paret, Anuj Sharma, Timur M. Momol, Caitilyn Allen, Qi Huang, Sally Miller, Sylvia Shadman-Adolpho, Lynn Evans-Goldner, Zhaowei Liu, Russ Bulluck, Kitty Frances Cardwell, Julius E. Fajardo
This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to ensure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high consequence plant disease outbreaks are such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. Each disease-specific plan is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreaks, the multitude of decisions that must be made, and actions taken to achieve effective response and recovery. They are, however, documents that will help the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery.
{"title":"Recovery Plan for <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> Race 3 Biovar 2 (Phylotype IIB, sequevars 1 and 2) Causing Brown Rot of Potato, Bacterial Wilt of Tomato, and Southern Wilt of Geranium","authors":"Ellen R. Dickstein, Ana Maria Bocsanczy, Patrice Champoiseau, Jeff Jones, David Norman, Mathews Paret, Anuj Sharma, Timur M. Momol, Caitilyn Allen, Qi Huang, Sally Miller, Sylvia Shadman-Adolpho, Lynn Evans-Goldner, Zhaowei Liu, Russ Bulluck, Kitty Frances Cardwell, Julius E. Fajardo","doi":"10.1094/php-03-23-0027-rp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-03-23-0027-rp","url":null,"abstract":"This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to ensure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high consequence plant disease outbreaks are such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. Each disease-specific plan is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreaks, the multitude of decisions that must be made, and actions taken to achieve effective response and recovery. They are, however, documents that will help the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1094/php-04-23-0038-rs
Nathan Haugrud, LeAnn Lux, Andrew Friskop, Joseph Ikley
Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays L.), caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, is one of the top yield-reducing corn diseases in the Northern Great Plains. The use of efficient and repeatable inoculation methods in the greenhouse are needed to further understand disease development and host resistance. Although several inoculation methods have been reported, a direct comparison among them in the greenhouse has not been conducted. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare established methods for time to inoculate, disease incidence, and lesion development. Methods evaluated included creating wounds with scissors, pin-prick tools, sandpaper, or carborundum, or introducing bacteria by spraying, immersion, sponge, or syringe. Removing leaf tips with scissors and dipping newly injured leaf in bacterial suspension resulted in the fastest inoculation time (24 seconds), highest disease incidence (>80%), and fastest lesion development among methods tested. Most other methods had similar disease development, but varied on their success rate (incidence). These results can aid researchers on selecting inoculation methods to address research objectives on Goss’s wilt in the greenhouse.
玉米青枯病(Goss 's bacterial wilt and leaf疫病，简称Zea mays L.)是美国北部大平原地区主要的玉米减产病害之一，由内布拉斯加大杆菌(Clavibacter nebraska)引起。需要在温室中使用高效和可重复的接种方法，以进一步了解疾病的发展和宿主的抗性。虽然已经报道了几种接种方法，但尚未在温室中进行直接比较。一项温室研究对接种时间、疾病发生率和病变发展的既定方法进行了比较。评估的方法包括用剪刀、针刺工具、砂纸或金刚砂创面，或通过喷洒、浸泡、海绵或注射器引入细菌。用剪刀剪去叶尖，将新伤叶片浸泡在菌悬液中，接种时间最快(24秒)，发病率最高(80%)，病变发展最快。大多数其他方法有类似的疾病发展，但成功率(发病率)不同。这些结果可以帮助研究人员选择接种方法，以解决温室高斯枯萎病的研究目标。
{"title":"Comparing Inoculation Methods of <i>Clavibacter nebraskensis</i> on Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) Under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"Nathan Haugrud, LeAnn Lux, Andrew Friskop, Joseph Ikley","doi":"10.1094/php-04-23-0038-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-04-23-0038-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays L.), caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, is one of the top yield-reducing corn diseases in the Northern Great Plains. The use of efficient and repeatable inoculation methods in the greenhouse are needed to further understand disease development and host resistance. Although several inoculation methods have been reported, a direct comparison among them in the greenhouse has not been conducted. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare established methods for time to inoculate, disease incidence, and lesion development. Methods evaluated included creating wounds with scissors, pin-prick tools, sandpaper, or carborundum, or introducing bacteria by spraying, immersion, sponge, or syringe. Removing leaf tips with scissors and dipping newly injured leaf in bacterial suspension resulted in the fastest inoculation time (24 seconds), highest disease incidence (>80%), and fastest lesion development among methods tested. Most other methods had similar disease development, but varied on their success rate (incidence). These results can aid researchers on selecting inoculation methods to address research objectives on Goss’s wilt in the greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1094/php-05-23-0046-rs
Mariama T. Brown, Su Shim, Camila Rocco Da Silva, Kaitlin G. Waibel, Darcy E. P. Telenko
Foliar diseases can significantly impact soybean in Indiana and fungicides can be an effective management tool to protect yield against disease. Fourteen foliar fungicide products were evaluated for efficacy on soybean foliar diseases and yield in ten field trials from 2019 to 2021 in Indiana. Fungicides were applied at their recommended rates in a single application at the beginning pod (R3) growth stage. Cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora spp.), brown spot (Septoria glycines Hemmi), and frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina Hara) were the most prominent foliar diseases observed in the trials. Under low to moderate Cercospora leaf blight disease pressure, there were no significant differences between foliar fungicides and the nontreated control averaged across all site-years. In contrast, all foliar fungicides significantly suppressed brown spot from 69 to 92% relative to the nontreated control. Only bixafen + flutriafol and azoxystrobin + pydiflumetofen + propiconazole significantly suppressed frogeye leaf spot severity over the nontreated control. Foliar fungicide applications did not significantly increase yield over the nontreated control across all site-years. Therefore, under low to moderate foliar disease risk, fungicide applications may not be warranted in Indiana. Growers should continue to scout soybean fields prior to the beginning pod (R3) growth stage, then make an informed, sustainable decision to use a fungicide for disease management.
{"title":"Assessing foliar fungicides for soybean disease management and yield in Indiana","authors":"Mariama T. Brown, Su Shim, Camila Rocco Da Silva, Kaitlin G. Waibel, Darcy E. P. Telenko","doi":"10.1094/php-05-23-0046-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-05-23-0046-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar diseases can significantly impact soybean in Indiana and fungicides can be an effective management tool to protect yield against disease. Fourteen foliar fungicide products were evaluated for efficacy on soybean foliar diseases and yield in ten field trials from 2019 to 2021 in Indiana. Fungicides were applied at their recommended rates in a single application at the beginning pod (R3) growth stage. Cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora spp.), brown spot (Septoria glycines Hemmi), and frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina Hara) were the most prominent foliar diseases observed in the trials. Under low to moderate Cercospora leaf blight disease pressure, there were no significant differences between foliar fungicides and the nontreated control averaged across all site-years. In contrast, all foliar fungicides significantly suppressed brown spot from 69 to 92% relative to the nontreated control. Only bixafen + flutriafol and azoxystrobin + pydiflumetofen + propiconazole significantly suppressed frogeye leaf spot severity over the nontreated control. Foliar fungicide applications did not significantly increase yield over the nontreated control across all site-years. Therefore, under low to moderate foliar disease risk, fungicide applications may not be warranted in Indiana. Growers should continue to scout soybean fields prior to the beginning pod (R3) growth stage, then make an informed, sustainable decision to use a fungicide for disease management.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135926289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1094/php-03-23-0020-rs
Abraham Hangamaisho, Bruce H. Bleakley, Shaukat Ali, Dalitso Yabwalo, Emmanuel Z. Byamukama
Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in wheat that can lead up to 40% losses globally. Understanding the aggressiveness of isolates from different locations in a state may help in screening for BLS resistance in wheat breeding programs for that area. A greenhouse study to determine the aggressiveness of 17 isolates collected from South Dakota on spring wheat cv. ‘SY-Rockford’; and differential reaction of 21 spring wheat varieties grown in South Dakota to BLS under greenhouse conditions was conducted in 2021 and 2022. To assess BLS severity, one randomly selected plant per pot was rated based on the percentage of leaf area with BLS symptoms. Significant differences among the bacterial isolates were observed, with Xtpvu21OC (23.33%) as the most aggressive in causing BLS in SY-Rockford. Spring wheat varieties ‘MN Washburn’ (25.0%) and ‘ND Frohberg’ (22.5%) were found to be the most susceptible to BLS. It is suggested that the most aggressive Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa isolate available to researchers in their region be used in screening varieties and lines for BLS resistance.
{"title":"Aggressiveness of <i>Xanthomonas translucens</i> pv. <i>undulosa</i> Isolates and Differential Reaction Among Spring Wheat Varieties Under Controlled Environment","authors":"Abraham Hangamaisho, Bruce H. Bleakley, Shaukat Ali, Dalitso Yabwalo, Emmanuel Z. Byamukama","doi":"10.1094/php-03-23-0020-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-03-23-0020-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in wheat that can lead up to 40% losses globally. Understanding the aggressiveness of isolates from different locations in a state may help in screening for BLS resistance in wheat breeding programs for that area. A greenhouse study to determine the aggressiveness of 17 isolates collected from South Dakota on spring wheat cv. ‘SY-Rockford’; and differential reaction of 21 spring wheat varieties grown in South Dakota to BLS under greenhouse conditions was conducted in 2021 and 2022. To assess BLS severity, one randomly selected plant per pot was rated based on the percentage of leaf area with BLS symptoms. Significant differences among the bacterial isolates were observed, with Xtpvu21OC (23.33%) as the most aggressive in causing BLS in SY-Rockford. Spring wheat varieties ‘MN Washburn’ (25.0%) and ‘ND Frohberg’ (22.5%) were found to be the most susceptible to BLS. It is suggested that the most aggressive Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa isolate available to researchers in their region be used in screening varieties and lines for BLS resistance.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1094/php-09-23-0076-br
Mohammed S. Mohammed, Adnan Lahuf, Zuhair M. A. Jeddoa, Duraid Al-Taey
During the growing season of 2022, courgette plants displaying foliar yellowing that include leaves mottle and interveinal chlorosis along with green veins were observed in numerous courgette fields of Al-Yusufiyah, Baghdad Province, Iraq. Bemisia tabaci was abundant with the foliar yellowing plants in all fields investigated. Fifty symptomatic leaf samples showing typical foliar yellowing were collected randomly from several courgette fields. Three representative samples were sent to Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea) for high-throughput RNA sequencing. The BLASTn analyses of the assembled genome of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus isolate Iraq-1 segment RNA1 and RNA2 demonstrated pairwise nucleotide identity between 99.23 to 99.84% for segment RNA1 and between 97.58 to 97.92% for segment RNA2 with several corresponding global isolates of CYSDV. Thus, these two segments of the CYSDV isolate Iraq-1 were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OQ685958.1 and OQ685959.1, respectively. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicated a relationship among CYSDV isolate Iraq-1 and numerous isolates of CYSDV reported from various origins, mainly those from the USA (MW147553.1 and EF547827.1) and Spain (AJ537493.1 and NC_004809) for the segment RNA1. However, the segment RNA2 of CYSDV isolate Iraq-1 was close to those from Spain (NC_004810.1, AY242078.1, and AJ439690.2), Greece (OL584360.1), and the USA (FJ492808.1). Although the CYSDV was previously reported in Europe, such as in Spain and France, Asia in Iran and Jordan, and North America in the United States and Mexico, it has not been reported in Iraq. Thus. This is the first report of CYSDV in Iraq.
{"title":"First Detection of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in Iraq","authors":"Mohammed S. Mohammed, Adnan Lahuf, Zuhair M. A. Jeddoa, Duraid Al-Taey","doi":"10.1094/php-09-23-0076-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-09-23-0076-br","url":null,"abstract":"During the growing season of 2022, courgette plants displaying foliar yellowing that include leaves mottle and interveinal chlorosis along with green veins were observed in numerous courgette fields of Al-Yusufiyah, Baghdad Province, Iraq. Bemisia tabaci was abundant with the foliar yellowing plants in all fields investigated. Fifty symptomatic leaf samples showing typical foliar yellowing were collected randomly from several courgette fields. Three representative samples were sent to Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea) for high-throughput RNA sequencing. The BLASTn analyses of the assembled genome of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus isolate Iraq-1 segment RNA1 and RNA2 demonstrated pairwise nucleotide identity between 99.23 to 99.84% for segment RNA1 and between 97.58 to 97.92% for segment RNA2 with several corresponding global isolates of CYSDV. Thus, these two segments of the CYSDV isolate Iraq-1 were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OQ685958.1 and OQ685959.1, respectively. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicated a relationship among CYSDV isolate Iraq-1 and numerous isolates of CYSDV reported from various origins, mainly those from the USA (MW147553.1 and EF547827.1) and Spain (AJ537493.1 and NC_004809) for the segment RNA1. However, the segment RNA2 of CYSDV isolate Iraq-1 was close to those from Spain (NC_004810.1, AY242078.1, and AJ439690.2), Greece (OL584360.1), and the USA (FJ492808.1). Although the CYSDV was previously reported in Europe, such as in Spain and France, Asia in Iran and Jordan, and North America in the United States and Mexico, it has not been reported in Iraq. Thus. This is the first report of CYSDV in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1094/php-06-23-0060-rs
N. Anderson, K. Wise
Kentucky corn (Zea mays L.) fields were surveyed in 2019 and 2020 for the presence of Diplodia ear rot (DER) to document the prevalence and distribution of the disease and determine frequency of DER causal agents Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) Sutton and Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton. In 2019, 92 fields were surveyed and 125 of 4,600 inspected ears were confirmed to be infected by either causal agent. In 2020, 87 fields were surveyed, and 45 of 4,350 ears examined were confirmed to be infected by either causal agent. Fungi were isolated from corn ears with suspected signs and symptoms of DER, and causal species was identified based on conidia morphology. In 2019, S. macrospora was identified in 33.8% of inspected ears, and 36.9% of ears in 2020, while S. maydis was confirmed in 66.2% of inspected ears in 2019 and 63.1% in 2020. Incidence of DER was higher in fields with a previous crop rotation of double crop wheat/soybean (P = 0.0113); however DER severity was not affected by previous crop rotation (P = 0.3454). Results from this study emphasize the importance of including both Stenocarpella spp. in future research and discussion on DER.
{"title":"Prevalence of Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora causing Diplodia ear rot in Kentucky","authors":"N. Anderson, K. Wise","doi":"10.1094/php-06-23-0060-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-06-23-0060-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Kentucky corn (Zea mays L.) fields were surveyed in 2019 and 2020 for the presence of Diplodia ear rot (DER) to document the prevalence and distribution of the disease and determine frequency of DER causal agents Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) Sutton and Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton. In 2019, 92 fields were surveyed and 125 of 4,600 inspected ears were confirmed to be infected by either causal agent. In 2020, 87 fields were surveyed, and 45 of 4,350 ears examined were confirmed to be infected by either causal agent. Fungi were isolated from corn ears with suspected signs and symptoms of DER, and causal species was identified based on conidia morphology. In 2019, S. macrospora was identified in 33.8% of inspected ears, and 36.9% of ears in 2020, while S. maydis was confirmed in 66.2% of inspected ears in 2019 and 63.1% in 2020. Incidence of DER was higher in fields with a previous crop rotation of double crop wheat/soybean (P = 0.0113); however DER severity was not affected by previous crop rotation (P = 0.3454). Results from this study emphasize the importance of including both Stenocarpella spp. in future research and discussion on DER.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61310278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1094/php-04-23-0035-br
María Magdalena Ricciardi, Henry S. Smith, Z. Viloria, E. Dixon, D. Szarka, Bob Pearce, R. Villanueva, N. Gauthier
The hemp russet mite (HRM) is a damaging pest of indoor/greenhouse hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) with limited tools for management. In 2021, HRM was identified in University of Kentucky hemp field trials. Large numbers of darkened, dead HRM were observed on leaves and peduncles. Samples of the HRM were disinfested and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungal identity was confirmed by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA followed by Sanger sequencing. The isolated fungus was identified as Hirsutella thompsonii with 100% identity. Pathogenicity was validated using detached leaves infested with healthy HRM. Only HRM from the H. thompsonii-inoculated treatment developed fungal growth, while HRM from the controls did not. This study confirmed the pathogenicity of H. thompsonii on HRM. Further research is warranted to improve our understanding of the potential use and efficacy of H. thompsonii as a sustainable management tool.
{"title":"First report of Hirsutella thompsonii as an entomopathogenic fungus of hemp russet mite (Aculops cannabicola Farkas) in Kentucky","authors":"María Magdalena Ricciardi, Henry S. Smith, Z. Viloria, E. Dixon, D. Szarka, Bob Pearce, R. Villanueva, N. Gauthier","doi":"10.1094/php-04-23-0035-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-04-23-0035-br","url":null,"abstract":"The hemp russet mite (HRM) is a damaging pest of indoor/greenhouse hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) with limited tools for management. In 2021, HRM was identified in University of Kentucky hemp field trials. Large numbers of darkened, dead HRM were observed on leaves and peduncles. Samples of the HRM were disinfested and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungal identity was confirmed by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA followed by Sanger sequencing. The isolated fungus was identified as Hirsutella thompsonii with 100% identity. Pathogenicity was validated using detached leaves infested with healthy HRM. Only HRM from the H. thompsonii-inoculated treatment developed fungal growth, while HRM from the controls did not. This study confirmed the pathogenicity of H. thompsonii on HRM. Further research is warranted to improve our understanding of the potential use and efficacy of H. thompsonii as a sustainable management tool.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46206573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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