Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1094/php-12-22-0126-rs
C. Bolaños‐Carriel, Christine Balk, D. Wickramasinghe, B. Acharya, A. Dorrance
The Soybean Nested Association Mapping (SoyNAM) populations were developed from 40 parents and have been used to map genes underlying complex traits such as yield and disease resistance. Soil borne pathogens that affect soybean seed and seedlings result in significant losses due to reduced stands and costs associated with replanting. This study compared the response of these 40 SoyNAM parent genotypes to seed- and seedling-rot pathogens, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora sojae, Globisporangium ultimum var. ultimum, G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum, and G. irregulare groups 1, 2 and G. cryptoirregulare. None of the parental genotypes conferred high levels of resistance to F. graminearum nor G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum. Of the 40 parental genotypes, 15 were resistant to P. sojae OH1 (vir 7) indicating they contain Rps genes while the remaining (including the common parent IA 3023) do not have Rps genes. Based on inoculations with known P. sojae pathotypes, Rps1c was the most common followed by Rps1a as both Rps genes confer resistance to isolates OH4 (vir 1a, 1c, 7) and OH25 (vir 1a, 1b,1c, 1k, 7). Eight of the SoyNAM parents had higher levels of partial resistance to P. sojae than Conrad (cultivar with moderate resistance). There was moderate resistance to G. ultimum var ultimum among the 40 parents and to G. irregulare subpopulations among the 6 parents that were evaluated. The SoyNAM parental lines and populations are an excellent resource available for soybean breeders to advance the development of new cultivars with improved resistance to some soilborne pathogens.
{"title":"Screening the Soybean Nested Association Mapping (SoyNAM) Parents for Resistance towards isolates of Phytophthora sojae, Fusarium graminearum, and species of Globisporangium","authors":"C. Bolaños‐Carriel, Christine Balk, D. Wickramasinghe, B. Acharya, A. Dorrance","doi":"10.1094/php-12-22-0126-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-12-22-0126-rs","url":null,"abstract":"The Soybean Nested Association Mapping (SoyNAM) populations were developed from 40 parents and have been used to map genes underlying complex traits such as yield and disease resistance. Soil borne pathogens that affect soybean seed and seedlings result in significant losses due to reduced stands and costs associated with replanting. This study compared the response of these 40 SoyNAM parent genotypes to seed- and seedling-rot pathogens, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora sojae, Globisporangium ultimum var. ultimum, G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum, and G. irregulare groups 1, 2 and G. cryptoirregulare. None of the parental genotypes conferred high levels of resistance to F. graminearum nor G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum. Of the 40 parental genotypes, 15 were resistant to P. sojae OH1 (vir 7) indicating they contain Rps genes while the remaining (including the common parent IA 3023) do not have Rps genes. Based on inoculations with known P. sojae pathotypes, Rps1c was the most common followed by Rps1a as both Rps genes confer resistance to isolates OH4 (vir 1a, 1c, 7) and OH25 (vir 1a, 1b,1c, 1k, 7). Eight of the SoyNAM parents had higher levels of partial resistance to P. sojae than Conrad (cultivar with moderate resistance). There was moderate resistance to G. ultimum var ultimum among the 40 parents and to G. irregulare subpopulations among the 6 parents that were evaluated. The SoyNAM parental lines and populations are an excellent resource available for soybean breeders to advance the development of new cultivars with improved resistance to some soilborne pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47374714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.1094/php-10-22-0110-dg
C. Hagerty, Grayson Namdar, H. Rivedal, N. Wen, Chuntao Yin
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. This disease is caused by Fusarium species including Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu stricto, F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. pseudograminearum O’Donnell & T. Aoki. This diagnostic guide provides information on the pathogen, signs and symptoms of disease, host range, and geographic distribution. A discussion of the mycotoxins produced by the pathogens as well as management strategies are also presented. Proper diagnosis will allow practitioners greater opportunity to adequately control FHB disease.
{"title":"Diagnostic guide: Fusarium head blight of cereal grains","authors":"C. Hagerty, Grayson Namdar, H. Rivedal, N. Wen, Chuntao Yin","doi":"10.1094/php-10-22-0110-dg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-10-22-0110-dg","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. This disease is caused by Fusarium species including Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu stricto, F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. pseudograminearum O’Donnell & T. Aoki. This diagnostic guide provides information on the pathogen, signs and symptoms of disease, host range, and geographic distribution. A discussion of the mycotoxins produced by the pathogens as well as management strategies are also presented. Proper diagnosis will allow practitioners greater opportunity to adequately control FHB disease.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46714506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1094/php-12-22-0122-br
Lester Antonio Núñez Rodríguez, H. Rivedal, A. Peetz, C. Ocamb, I. Zasada
In 2022, during a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes affecting hemp in Washington and Oregon, a Pratylenchus sp. was found parasitizing hemp roots. Morphology and morphometrics as well as molecular techniques confirmed the identity of the nematodes extracted from hemp roots as Pratylenchus penetrans. A pathogenicity assay done in the greenhouse confirmed hemp as a host to P. penetrans with an average reproduction factor of 2.2 after 60 days post inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. penetrans on hemp in the United States. Key words: DNA, identification, morphology, Pratylenchus penetrans, Cannabis sativa Funding: This project was funded by USDA-ARS NACA Grant no. 2072-21000-056-004-S.
{"title":"First report of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, parasitizing hemp (Cannabis sativa) in the United States","authors":"Lester Antonio Núñez Rodríguez, H. Rivedal, A. Peetz, C. Ocamb, I. Zasada","doi":"10.1094/php-12-22-0122-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-12-22-0122-br","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, during a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes affecting hemp in Washington and Oregon, a Pratylenchus sp. was found parasitizing hemp roots. Morphology and morphometrics as well as molecular techniques confirmed the identity of the nematodes extracted from hemp roots as Pratylenchus penetrans. A pathogenicity assay done in the greenhouse confirmed hemp as a host to P. penetrans with an average reproduction factor of 2.2 after 60 days post inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. penetrans on hemp in the United States. Key words: DNA, identification, morphology, Pratylenchus penetrans, Cannabis sativa Funding: This project was funded by USDA-ARS NACA Grant no. 2072-21000-056-004-S.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1094/php-01-23-0006-br
Abdul Kader Jailani Amirudeen, Susannah DaSilva, J. Freeman, K. Dey, M. Velez-Climent, John D. McVay, S. Bag, M. Paret
A field survey was conducted in Florida during 2020-2021 in squash and pumpkin research fields to identify the viruses associated with leaf symptoms of yellowing, crumpling, and vein yellowing. The symptoms were similar to previously reported whitefly-transmitted viruses such as cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). Another potential virus of interest was the cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) that was recently reported on watermelon in Florida. Symptomatic leaves were tested by RT-PCR with coat protein (CP) gene-specific (GS) primers for CuLCrV, CYSDV, CCYV, and for SqVYV with a nuclear inclusion protein (NIa) GS primers. Amplification for CuLCrV, CYSDV, and CCYV were detected in squash and pumpkin samples. The CCYV amplicons were further sequenced and compared with available CCYV sequences. The NCBI BLAST analysis revealed similarities of the RdRP (100%), HSP70h (99.75%), and CP (99.75%) to the Shanghai CCYV isolate (RNA KY400636 and RNA2 KY400633). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCYV on squash and pumpkin in Florida.
{"title":"First report of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus affecting squash and pumpkin in Florida, USA","authors":"Abdul Kader Jailani Amirudeen, Susannah DaSilva, J. Freeman, K. Dey, M. Velez-Climent, John D. McVay, S. Bag, M. Paret","doi":"10.1094/php-01-23-0006-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-01-23-0006-br","url":null,"abstract":"A field survey was conducted in Florida during 2020-2021 in squash and pumpkin research fields to identify the viruses associated with leaf symptoms of yellowing, crumpling, and vein yellowing. The symptoms were similar to previously reported whitefly-transmitted viruses such as cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). Another potential virus of interest was the cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) that was recently reported on watermelon in Florida. Symptomatic leaves were tested by RT-PCR with coat protein (CP) gene-specific (GS) primers for CuLCrV, CYSDV, CCYV, and for SqVYV with a nuclear inclusion protein (NIa) GS primers. Amplification for CuLCrV, CYSDV, and CCYV were detected in squash and pumpkin samples. The CCYV amplicons were further sequenced and compared with available CCYV sequences. The NCBI BLAST analysis revealed similarities of the RdRP (100%), HSP70h (99.75%), and CP (99.75%) to the Shanghai CCYV isolate (RNA KY400636 and RNA2 KY400633). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCYV on squash and pumpkin in Florida.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42907050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1094/php-01-23-0001-sc
D. Neves, K. Mehl, C. Bradley
Red crown rot, caused by Calonectria ilicicola, was confirmed in soybean fields in Kentucky for the first time during the 2021 growing season. Compared to asymptomatic plants, symptomatic plants collected from Kentucky soybean fields had less mass, fewer seed pods, fewer seeds, and less total seed mass. Future research should include field surveys to determine the geographical distribution of red crown rot in Kentucky and evaluation of potential management practices.
{"title":"First Report of Red Crown Rot, caused by Calonectria ilicicola, and Its Effect on Soybean in Kentucky","authors":"D. Neves, K. Mehl, C. Bradley","doi":"10.1094/php-01-23-0001-sc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-01-23-0001-sc","url":null,"abstract":"Red crown rot, caused by Calonectria ilicicola, was confirmed in soybean fields in Kentucky for the first time during the 2021 growing season. Compared to asymptomatic plants, symptomatic plants collected from Kentucky soybean fields had less mass, fewer seed pods, fewer seeds, and less total seed mass. Future research should include field surveys to determine the geographical distribution of red crown rot in Kentucky and evaluation of potential management practices.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1094/php-09-22-0093-br
R. Choudhury, N. McRoberts
California spinach growers struggle to manage downy mildew effectively. Management practices are available, but it is not known how growers perceive their relative efficacy. It is also not clear who growers contact for information on spinach downy mildew management. In this study, we conducted an online survey of people involved in spinach production in the US, asking who they contact to discuss spinach downy mildew control, the frequency of that contact, and the perceived efficacy of potential management practices. Growers were the group that was the most frequently contacted about spinach downy mildew. We found that respondents perceived resistant cultivars and the use of synthetic fungicides to be the most effective, with much lower perceived efficacy for the practices of disking diseased fields, application of certified organic fungicides, and roguing diseased plants.
{"title":"Survey of spinach downy mildew management practices and communication network","authors":"R. Choudhury, N. McRoberts","doi":"10.1094/php-09-22-0093-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-09-22-0093-br","url":null,"abstract":"California spinach growers struggle to manage downy mildew effectively. Management practices are available, but it is not known how growers perceive their relative efficacy. It is also not clear who growers contact for information on spinach downy mildew management. In this study, we conducted an online survey of people involved in spinach production in the US, asking who they contact to discuss spinach downy mildew control, the frequency of that contact, and the perceived efficacy of potential management practices. Growers were the group that was the most frequently contacted about spinach downy mildew. We found that respondents perceived resistant cultivars and the use of synthetic fungicides to be the most effective, with much lower perceived efficacy for the practices of disking diseased fields, application of certified organic fungicides, and roguing diseased plants.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.1094/php-11-22-0119-br
E. Braithwaite, Ruying Wang, A. Kowalewski, Javier F. Tabima, T. N. Temple, H. Rivedal
Gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a devastating turfgrass disease in many regions of the United States. In 2021, P. oryzae was detected for the first time in Oregon, causing disease on a perennial ryegrass athletic field. This report describes the occurrence of gray leaf spot and pathogenicity testing on the original cultivar mixture growing when disease was found. The confirmation of this pathogen in Oregon may have management implications for turfgrass managers of the state.
{"title":"First report of Pyricularia oryzae causing gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Oregon","authors":"E. Braithwaite, Ruying Wang, A. Kowalewski, Javier F. Tabima, T. N. Temple, H. Rivedal","doi":"10.1094/php-11-22-0119-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-11-22-0119-br","url":null,"abstract":"Gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a devastating turfgrass disease in many regions of the United States. In 2021, P. oryzae was detected for the first time in Oregon, causing disease on a perennial ryegrass athletic field. This report describes the occurrence of gray leaf spot and pathogenicity testing on the original cultivar mixture growing when disease was found. The confirmation of this pathogen in Oregon may have management implications for turfgrass managers of the state.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.1094/php-10-22-0101-rs
A. M. Fulmer, R. Kemerait, T. Brenneman, A. Culbreath, E. Cantonwine
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that cultivar use contributed to historical shifts in disease predominance patterns in the southeastern United States over the past 50 years. Passalora arachidicola (Pa), the causal agent of early leaf spot (ELS), and Nothopassalora personata (Np), the causal agent of late leaf spot (LLS), were inoculated separately or together on three historically dominant cultivars, Florunner (1970 to 1996), Georgia Green (1996 to 2008) and Georgia-06G (2008 to present), and on one susceptible cultivar, Georgia Valencia. These results suggest that the transition from Florunner to Georgia Green may have contributed to the historical shift from LLS to ELS predominance observed in the 1990s, with sporulation potential as a possible mechanistic explanation. There was no evidence that Georgia-06G contributed to the resurgence of LLS in recent years. A negative association between ELS and LLS, where LLS is more suppressed in the presence of ELS, demonstrates that the dynamics of the ELS-LLS disease patterns is complex. Understanding factors that contribute to disease predominance will improve predictive abilities and support the development of cultural practices and fungicide programs specific to which pathogen is expected to dominate.
{"title":"Susceptibility of Historically Dominant Runner-Type Peanut Cultivars of the Southeastern United States to Early and Late Leaf Spot","authors":"A. M. Fulmer, R. Kemerait, T. Brenneman, A. Culbreath, E. Cantonwine","doi":"10.1094/php-10-22-0101-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-10-22-0101-rs","url":null,"abstract":"A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that cultivar use contributed to historical shifts in disease predominance patterns in the southeastern United States over the past 50 years. Passalora arachidicola (Pa), the causal agent of early leaf spot (ELS), and Nothopassalora personata (Np), the causal agent of late leaf spot (LLS), were inoculated separately or together on three historically dominant cultivars, Florunner (1970 to 1996), Georgia Green (1996 to 2008) and Georgia-06G (2008 to present), and on one susceptible cultivar, Georgia Valencia. These results suggest that the transition from Florunner to Georgia Green may have contributed to the historical shift from LLS to ELS predominance observed in the 1990s, with sporulation potential as a possible mechanistic explanation. There was no evidence that Georgia-06G contributed to the resurgence of LLS in recent years. A negative association between ELS and LLS, where LLS is more suppressed in the presence of ELS, demonstrates that the dynamics of the ELS-LLS disease patterns is complex. Understanding factors that contribute to disease predominance will improve predictive abilities and support the development of cultural practices and fungicide programs specific to which pathogen is expected to dominate.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47235128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-22DOI: 10.1094/php-08-22-0079-br
C. Hang, Cheng-Rui Huang, Feng Zhu
The crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) is a deciduous shrub and becomes a popular landscape tree on public or private properties. However, crape myrtle is constantly subjected to multiple pathogen attacks, which severely affect the yield and quality and cause economic losses. In June 2019, foliar virus-like symptoms chlorosis and mosaic were observed on plants of crape myrtle in Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province, east China. Leaf samples were collected from symptomatic crape myrtle plants. All samples were assayed by western blotting using polyclonal antiserum to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA assay for watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Results revealed the all samples reacted positively with the WMV but negative with CMV and TMV. Next, RT-PCR was employed to confirm the obtained serological results. An amplicon of 288 bp was obtained from all the samples. Nucleotide BLAST analysis revealed that the sequence had 98.25-100% nucleotide identity to 8 isolate WMV sequences available in GenBank. A pathogenicity assay was conducted using virus-free Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings inoculated with sap extracted from symptomatic crape myrtle leaves. Systemic infection of WMV was also confirmed in N. benthamiana by RT-PCR. On the basis of the data from serological and molecular analyses, the virus was identified as WMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of WMV on crape myrtle in Jiangsu Province in China.
{"title":"First report of mosaic disease of crape myrtle caused by watermelon mosaic virus in Jiangsu Province in China","authors":"C. Hang, Cheng-Rui Huang, Feng Zhu","doi":"10.1094/php-08-22-0079-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-08-22-0079-br","url":null,"abstract":"The crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) is a deciduous shrub and becomes a popular landscape tree on public or private properties. However, crape myrtle is constantly subjected to multiple pathogen attacks, which severely affect the yield and quality and cause economic losses. In June 2019, foliar virus-like symptoms chlorosis and mosaic were observed on plants of crape myrtle in Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province, east China. Leaf samples were collected from symptomatic crape myrtle plants. All samples were assayed by western blotting using polyclonal antiserum to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA assay for watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Results revealed the all samples reacted positively with the WMV but negative with CMV and TMV. Next, RT-PCR was employed to confirm the obtained serological results. An amplicon of 288 bp was obtained from all the samples. Nucleotide BLAST analysis revealed that the sequence had 98.25-100% nucleotide identity to 8 isolate WMV sequences available in GenBank. A pathogenicity assay was conducted using virus-free Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings inoculated with sap extracted from symptomatic crape myrtle leaves. Systemic infection of WMV was also confirmed in N. benthamiana by RT-PCR. On the basis of the data from serological and molecular analyses, the virus was identified as WMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of WMV on crape myrtle in Jiangsu Province in China.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42403523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1094/php-10-22-0102-rs
R. Webster, B. Mueller, M. Chilvers, A. Byrne, J. F. Boyse, William W. Widdicombe, D. Mueller, S. N. Wiggs, Y. Kandel, D. Telenko, J. Ravellette, S. Shim, Damon L. Smith
Soybean production in the Upper Midwest region of the United States is consistently limited by the disease Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR). To control SSR, multiple management practices have been studied and implemented to reduce SSR development and preserve yield. This study examined the effects of integrating soybean seeding rates and pesticide programs under nitrogen fertilizer applications in the form of urea (46-0-0) that may occur due to management for other crops, such as corn. From ten site-years between 2020 and 2021, low seeding rates decreased SSR development while also decreasing yields and partial profits. The effect of pesticide applications on SSR development was influenced by both seeding rates and nitrogen applications. Consistently, applications of the fungicide, Endura, reduced SSR to the lowest levels, while also maintaining the highest yields and partial profits. Soybeans grown with nitrogen applications experienced increased SSR development, and decreased yields and partial profits. Overall, this work suggests that using low seeding rates and fungicides improves the management of SSR, and using nitrogen fertilizer applications can result in greater SSR development and decreased economic returns, especially in fields with a history of SSR.
{"title":"Integrating Seeding Rates and Pesticide Programs for Managing Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Glycine max with Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications","authors":"R. Webster, B. Mueller, M. Chilvers, A. Byrne, J. F. Boyse, William W. Widdicombe, D. Mueller, S. N. Wiggs, Y. Kandel, D. Telenko, J. Ravellette, S. Shim, Damon L. Smith","doi":"10.1094/php-10-22-0102-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-10-22-0102-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean production in the Upper Midwest region of the United States is consistently limited by the disease Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR). To control SSR, multiple management practices have been studied and implemented to reduce SSR development and preserve yield. This study examined the effects of integrating soybean seeding rates and pesticide programs under nitrogen fertilizer applications in the form of urea (46-0-0) that may occur due to management for other crops, such as corn. From ten site-years between 2020 and 2021, low seeding rates decreased SSR development while also decreasing yields and partial profits. The effect of pesticide applications on SSR development was influenced by both seeding rates and nitrogen applications. Consistently, applications of the fungicide, Endura, reduced SSR to the lowest levels, while also maintaining the highest yields and partial profits. Soybeans grown with nitrogen applications experienced increased SSR development, and decreased yields and partial profits. Overall, this work suggests that using low seeding rates and fungicides improves the management of SSR, and using nitrogen fertilizer applications can result in greater SSR development and decreased economic returns, especially in fields with a history of SSR.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45446731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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