Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1094/php-11-22-0120-rs
N. Al-Karablieh, Ibtihal AbuObeid, Lina Al-Elaumi, Ihsan Mutlaq, J. Haddadin, Ruba Al Omari, Abdel-Munem Al-Jabaree, Safa Mazahreh
With the X. fastidiosa outbreak in Europe affecting olive and other major crops, the Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) signaled a red warning light to prevent its entry into Jordan. An intensive survey was performed during 2016-2021 to assess its spread in Jordan across a range of agricultural crops in parallel to the previously published survey on olives. Grapevine (no. of samples: 899), stone fruit trees (1480), citrus fruit trees (1225), pome fruit trees (292), and ornamentals plants (1351) growing in Jordan were sampled. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were sampled, in addition to collecting potential insect vectors from Hemiptera species. Plant samples were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits and their results were confirmed by conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using three sets of primers. Insect samples were tested using RST31/RST33 PCR. The obtained results did not show any confirmed positive results in any sample. These results indicate that X. fastidiosa has not been detected in Jordan despite a comprehensive survey. These results also demonstrate the importance of the monitoring and inspection programs executed by the MoA for detection of X. fastidiosa and identifying its potential insect vectors; these programs should be continued to prevent the entry of this bacterium and its potential insect vectors into Jordan from the neighboring countries.
{"title":"Xylella fastidiosa not detected on tree crops after five years of survey","authors":"N. Al-Karablieh, Ibtihal AbuObeid, Lina Al-Elaumi, Ihsan Mutlaq, J. Haddadin, Ruba Al Omari, Abdel-Munem Al-Jabaree, Safa Mazahreh","doi":"10.1094/php-11-22-0120-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-11-22-0120-rs","url":null,"abstract":"With the X. fastidiosa outbreak in Europe affecting olive and other major crops, the Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) signaled a red warning light to prevent its entry into Jordan. An intensive survey was performed during 2016-2021 to assess its spread in Jordan across a range of agricultural crops in parallel to the previously published survey on olives. Grapevine (no. of samples: 899), stone fruit trees (1480), citrus fruit trees (1225), pome fruit trees (292), and ornamentals plants (1351) growing in Jordan were sampled. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were sampled, in addition to collecting potential insect vectors from Hemiptera species. Plant samples were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits and their results were confirmed by conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using three sets of primers. Insect samples were tested using RST31/RST33 PCR. The obtained results did not show any confirmed positive results in any sample. These results indicate that X. fastidiosa has not been detected in Jordan despite a comprehensive survey. These results also demonstrate the importance of the monitoring and inspection programs executed by the MoA for detection of X. fastidiosa and identifying its potential insect vectors; these programs should be continued to prevent the entry of this bacterium and its potential insect vectors into Jordan from the neighboring countries.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48874194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.1094/php-09-22-0095-br
W. Weldon, G. McGhee, Jeffery A. Delong, V. Stockwell
Monilinia rubi is the causal agent of dry-berry disease of raspberry and blackberry in northern Washington state and western Canada. The symptoms are visible on green fruits and include necrotic and dried drupelets with progressive necrosis from the receptacle into the peduncle. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and isolation and identification of the slow-growing fungal pathogen. Diagnosis is slow and difficult with late season tissues because abiotic stresses or other diseases may cause similar symptoms and the slow-growing pathogen is not easily isolated from tissues harboring fast-growing environmental fungi. A multiplex PCR assay with primers to amplify an ITS region and beta-tubulin was designed to provide a rapid method to identify the pathogen in culture and in infected berry tissues. For M. rubi and infected berries, two amplicons that differ in length by 400 bp are visualized on agarose gels. No bands were obtained from fungal outgroups or non-symptomatic berries. For further confirmation of the pathogen and the disease, a single amplicon can be sequenced directly from the multiplex reaction and compared to reference sequences in GenBank. This rapid multiplex assay streamlines diagnosis of dry-berry disease and its application may provide valuable information on the range of the pathogen, especially in other caneberry production regions.
{"title":"Multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of Monilinia rubi, the causal agent of dry-berry disease of caneberries","authors":"W. Weldon, G. McGhee, Jeffery A. Delong, V. Stockwell","doi":"10.1094/php-09-22-0095-br","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-09-22-0095-br","url":null,"abstract":"Monilinia rubi is the causal agent of dry-berry disease of raspberry and blackberry in northern Washington state and western Canada. The symptoms are visible on green fruits and include necrotic and dried drupelets with progressive necrosis from the receptacle into the peduncle. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and isolation and identification of the slow-growing fungal pathogen. Diagnosis is slow and difficult with late season tissues because abiotic stresses or other diseases may cause similar symptoms and the slow-growing pathogen is not easily isolated from tissues harboring fast-growing environmental fungi. A multiplex PCR assay with primers to amplify an ITS region and beta-tubulin was designed to provide a rapid method to identify the pathogen in culture and in infected berry tissues. For M. rubi and infected berries, two amplicons that differ in length by 400 bp are visualized on agarose gels. No bands were obtained from fungal outgroups or non-symptomatic berries. For further confirmation of the pathogen and the disease, a single amplicon can be sequenced directly from the multiplex reaction and compared to reference sequences in GenBank. This rapid multiplex assay streamlines diagnosis of dry-berry disease and its application may provide valuable information on the range of the pathogen, especially in other caneberry production regions.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1094/php-11-22-0118-rs
S. Shrestha, M. Hausbeck
Botrytis cinerea causes blight on the leaves, stems, and flowers of petunia (Petunia x hybrida), a popular annual bedding plant. Our objectives were to evaluate: (i) four standard and nine Wave® petunia cultivars for resistance to Botrytis blight and (ii) ten biorational products compared to the standard fungicide fenhexamid and an untreated control to limit disease. According to the final disease assessment and AUDPC data, ‘Sophistica Blackberry’ had significantly less disease than ‘Tidal Wave® Cherry’ in all trials. ‘Tidal Wave® Cherry’ also had significantly more disease according to ratings and AUDPC data than ‘Easy Wave® Red Improved’, ‘Wave® Purple Classic’, ‘Tidal Wave® Silver’, ‘Shock Wave® Red’ and ‘Easy Wave® Blue’ in trials 1 and 3, whereas in trial 2 these differences were not observed. When evaluated on ‘Shock Wave® Red’ petunia, Prestop (Gliocladium catenulatum) provided significant B. cinerea control and was similar to the fungicide standard Decree (fenhexamid) in both trials. According to the final disease severity assessment, treatment with Botector (Aureobasidium pullulans), Zio (Pseudomonas chlororaphis) or LifeGard (Bacillus mycoides) also provided control similar to the fungicide standard but was significantly different from the untreated control in one trial only. Results from this study illustrate that certain biorational products can limit B. cinerea when used in conjunction with a cultivar that has disease resistance that limits the impact of the pathogen. Keywords: Petunia x hybrida, gray mold, fenhexamid, fungicide
{"title":"Management of Botrytis cinerea in Petunia Using Cultivar Resistance and Biorational Products","authors":"S. Shrestha, M. Hausbeck","doi":"10.1094/php-11-22-0118-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-11-22-0118-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Botrytis cinerea causes blight on the leaves, stems, and flowers of petunia (Petunia x hybrida), a popular annual bedding plant. Our objectives were to evaluate: (i) four standard and nine Wave® petunia cultivars for resistance to Botrytis blight and (ii) ten biorational products compared to the standard fungicide fenhexamid and an untreated control to limit disease. According to the final disease assessment and AUDPC data, ‘Sophistica Blackberry’ had significantly less disease than ‘Tidal Wave® Cherry’ in all trials. ‘Tidal Wave® Cherry’ also had significantly more disease according to ratings and AUDPC data than ‘Easy Wave® Red Improved’, ‘Wave® Purple Classic’, ‘Tidal Wave® Silver’, ‘Shock Wave® Red’ and ‘Easy Wave® Blue’ in trials 1 and 3, whereas in trial 2 these differences were not observed. When evaluated on ‘Shock Wave® Red’ petunia, Prestop (Gliocladium catenulatum) provided significant B. cinerea control and was similar to the fungicide standard Decree (fenhexamid) in both trials. According to the final disease severity assessment, treatment with Botector (Aureobasidium pullulans), Zio (Pseudomonas chlororaphis) or LifeGard (Bacillus mycoides) also provided control similar to the fungicide standard but was significantly different from the untreated control in one trial only. Results from this study illustrate that certain biorational products can limit B. cinerea when used in conjunction with a cultivar that has disease resistance that limits the impact of the pathogen. Keywords: Petunia x hybrida, gray mold, fenhexamid, fungicide","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46867107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1094/php-08-22-0070-rs
LeAnn Lux, Jessica M. Halvorson, Bryan Hansen, Scott M. Meyer, Scott Fitterer, David Carruth, A. Friskop
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), is one of the most significant diseases of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) in North Dakota (ND). Implementing integrated management practices such as host resistance and fungicides can be used to manage FHB and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). However, depending on the production year in ND, both management tools may not be needed for FHB. The objectives of this research were to evaluate fungicide premixes and varietal resistance on suppression of FHB, suppression of DON, and economic response in diverse FHB environments in dryland HRSW. Seven field experiments were conducted at dryland locations from 2019 to 2021. Two HRSW varieties, WB-Mayville (susceptible) and ND-VitPro (moderately resistant) served as the main plots and seven fungicide treatments including a non-treated control served as the sub-plots. Based on disease levels and local weather data (relative humidity, rainfall, and temperature) field experiments were categorized into four FHB management environments (high, moderate, low and no disease) to assess effectiveness of management tools in field situations faced by HRSW growers. The fungicide premixture treatments of metconazole + prothioconazole and pydiflumetofen + propiconazole provided similar or better suppression of FHB and DON when compared to FHB fungicide standards. Results suggest that the use of fungicides on a moderately resistant variety provided a more favorable economic response when compared to their use on a susceptible variety in moderate and low FHB environments. Results from this study will help guide FHB management decisions in dryland HRSW.
赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)是美国北达科他州硬红春小麦(HRSW)的主要病害之一，主要由禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum, Schwabe)引起。实施诸如宿主耐药性和杀菌剂等综合管理措施可用于管理FHB和相关真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇(DON)。然而，根据ND的生产年份，这两种管理工具可能不需要用于FHB。本研究的目的是评价杀菌剂预混料和品种在旱地高寒地区不同赤霉病环境下对赤霉病的抑制、对DON的抑制以及经济响应。2019 - 2021年在旱地进行了7次田间试验。2个HRSW品种WB-Mayville(敏感)和ND-VitPro(中等抗性)为主区，7个杀菌剂处理(包括一个未处理的对照)为副区。根据疾病水平和当地天气数据(相对湿度、降雨量和温度)，将田间试验分为四种FHB管理环境(高、中、低和无疾病)，以评估管理工具在HRSW种植者面临的田间情况下的有效性。与FHB杀菌剂标准相比，甲基康唑+原硫康唑和吡氟甲醚+丙环康唑的混配处理对FHB和DON的抑制效果相似或更好。结果表明，在中等和低FHB环境中，与在敏感品种上使用杀菌剂相比，在中等抗性品种上使用杀菌剂提供了更有利的经济反应。本研究的结果将有助于指导旱地HRSW的食品卫生管理决策。
{"title":"Effect of Metconazole + Prothioconazole, Pydiflumetofen + Propiconazole, and Variety Resistance on Fusarium Head Blight and Yield in Hard Red Spring Wheat","authors":"LeAnn Lux, Jessica M. Halvorson, Bryan Hansen, Scott M. Meyer, Scott Fitterer, David Carruth, A. Friskop","doi":"10.1094/php-08-22-0070-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-08-22-0070-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), is one of the most significant diseases of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) in North Dakota (ND). Implementing integrated management practices such as host resistance and fungicides can be used to manage FHB and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). However, depending on the production year in ND, both management tools may not be needed for FHB. The objectives of this research were to evaluate fungicide premixes and varietal resistance on suppression of FHB, suppression of DON, and economic response in diverse FHB environments in dryland HRSW. Seven field experiments were conducted at dryland locations from 2019 to 2021. Two HRSW varieties, WB-Mayville (susceptible) and ND-VitPro (moderately resistant) served as the main plots and seven fungicide treatments including a non-treated control served as the sub-plots. Based on disease levels and local weather data (relative humidity, rainfall, and temperature) field experiments were categorized into four FHB management environments (high, moderate, low and no disease) to assess effectiveness of management tools in field situations faced by HRSW growers. The fungicide premixture treatments of metconazole + prothioconazole and pydiflumetofen + propiconazole provided similar or better suppression of FHB and DON when compared to FHB fungicide standards. Results suggest that the use of fungicides on a moderately resistant variety provided a more favorable economic response when compared to their use on a susceptible variety in moderate and low FHB environments. Results from this study will help guide FHB management decisions in dryland HRSW.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61310918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1094/php-10-22-0106-rs
Ken Obasa, M. Kolomiets, B. Reed, D. Coker, J. Bell, K. Heflin
The genus Pantoea has historically been associated with two diseases of corn, Stewart’s wilt caused by P. stewartii, and necrotic or white leaf spots or streaks and stalk rot caused by P. ananatis. In 2020 and 2021, a sudden and unusual decline of corn stands was observed in corn fields in two counties in the Texas High Plains region. Symptoms observed included an initial light green, elongate, slightly translucent, and non-chlorotic streaked lesions with non-wavy margins that developed on leaf blades during corn vegetative growth stages, with lesions becoming necrotic at the onset of crop reproduction. Additionally, stunting of affected plants, poor ear development, and stalk rot were associated with affected stands. Diagnosis of symptomatic tissues consistently recovered bacteria. BLAST searches of the partial 16S rRNA sequences of the bacterial isolates identified them as belonging to the genus Pantoea. Investigations of the pathogenicity of two bacterial isolates, B566 and B623, under greenhouse conditions relying on Koch’s postulates resulted in the development of symptoms identical to those observed on symptomatic field corn plants. The two bacteria were also successfully recovered from symptomatic leaf and stem tissues, thus satisfying Koch’s postulates. Sequence analysis showed these isolates are closely related to P. ananatis, but also phylogenetically distinct. Findings from this study provide evidence for a new disease of corn caused by two Pantoea species that can result in stand decline of infected corn plants.
{"title":"Late-Season Decline – A New Bacterial Disease of Corn Identified in the Texas Panhandle","authors":"Ken Obasa, M. Kolomiets, B. Reed, D. Coker, J. Bell, K. Heflin","doi":"10.1094/php-10-22-0106-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-10-22-0106-rs","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Pantoea has historically been associated with two diseases of corn, Stewart’s wilt caused by P. stewartii, and necrotic or white leaf spots or streaks and stalk rot caused by P. ananatis. In 2020 and 2021, a sudden and unusual decline of corn stands was observed in corn fields in two counties in the Texas High Plains region. Symptoms observed included an initial light green, elongate, slightly translucent, and non-chlorotic streaked lesions with non-wavy margins that developed on leaf blades during corn vegetative growth stages, with lesions becoming necrotic at the onset of crop reproduction. Additionally, stunting of affected plants, poor ear development, and stalk rot were associated with affected stands. Diagnosis of symptomatic tissues consistently recovered bacteria. BLAST searches of the partial 16S rRNA sequences of the bacterial isolates identified them as belonging to the genus Pantoea. Investigations of the pathogenicity of two bacterial isolates, B566 and B623, under greenhouse conditions relying on Koch’s postulates resulted in the development of symptoms identical to those observed on symptomatic field corn plants. The two bacteria were also successfully recovered from symptomatic leaf and stem tissues, thus satisfying Koch’s postulates. Sequence analysis showed these isolates are closely related to P. ananatis, but also phylogenetically distinct. Findings from this study provide evidence for a new disease of corn caused by two Pantoea species that can result in stand decline of infected corn plants.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1094/php-10-22-0107-rs
N. Dias, Rongbin Hu, F. Hale, Z. Hansen, A. Wszelaki, L. Domier, M. R. Hajimorad
The prevalent viruses in a population of 106 tomato and 53 pepper field-grown plants in Tennessee (TN) was investigated by RNA sequencing and analysis as two separate pools of ribosomal-depleted total RNA. Contigs of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), red clover vein mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and a novel rhabdovirus were detected only in tomato and those of bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV), and pepper cryptic virus 2 (PCV-2) only in pepper. Additionally, contigs of five other viruses (solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1; SNIV-1, southern tomato virus; STV, tobacco vein-clearing virus; ToVCV, tomato mosaic virus; ToMV and tomato ringspot virus; ToRSV) were detected in both tomatoes and peppers. Moreover, contigs were assembled of a potentially novel tobamovirus from both tomatoes and peppers. The presence of PLRV, STV, ToVCV, and the novel tobamovirus sequences in the original tomato samples and those of BPEV, PCV-2, ToMV, and ToRSV in the original pepper samples were confirmed by RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. This study represents the first survey of viromes of field-grown tomatoes and peppers in TN. To the best of our knowledge, SNIV-1, STV and ToVCV have not been reported previously associated with peppers elsewhere in the world.
{"title":"Viromes of field-grown tomatoes and peppers in Tennessee revealed by RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis","authors":"N. Dias, Rongbin Hu, F. Hale, Z. Hansen, A. Wszelaki, L. Domier, M. R. Hajimorad","doi":"10.1094/php-10-22-0107-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-10-22-0107-rs","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalent viruses in a population of 106 tomato and 53 pepper field-grown plants in Tennessee (TN) was investigated by RNA sequencing and analysis as two separate pools of ribosomal-depleted total RNA. Contigs of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), red clover vein mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and a novel rhabdovirus were detected only in tomato and those of bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV), and pepper cryptic virus 2 (PCV-2) only in pepper. Additionally, contigs of five other viruses (solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1; SNIV-1, southern tomato virus; STV, tobacco vein-clearing virus; ToVCV, tomato mosaic virus; ToMV and tomato ringspot virus; ToRSV) were detected in both tomatoes and peppers. Moreover, contigs were assembled of a potentially novel tobamovirus from both tomatoes and peppers. The presence of PLRV, STV, ToVCV, and the novel tobamovirus sequences in the original tomato samples and those of BPEV, PCV-2, ToMV, and ToRSV in the original pepper samples were confirmed by RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. This study represents the first survey of viromes of field-grown tomatoes and peppers in TN. To the best of our knowledge, SNIV-1, STV and ToVCV have not been reported previously associated with peppers elsewhere in the world.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47160968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1094/php-09-22-0094-rs
D. Marino, K. Chittem, F. Shahoveisi, V. Chapara, Susan Ruud, L. E. del Río Mendoza
Clubroot is a soil-borne disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, that is emerging as a production problem in North Dakota (ND), which contributes approximately 90% of the total US canola production. P. brassicae’s resiliency in the soil and its ability to overcome the genetic resistance available in commercial hybrids make this a significant threat to canola production in the state and highlights the need to identify additional sources of resistance. To this effect, 115 Brassica napus plant introduction accessions were evaluated for their reaction to clubroot in field trials conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a naturally infested field. Seven accessions with high levels of clubroot resistance were identified. These resistant materials may contribute to widening the genetic resistance base of modern canola cultivars.
{"title":"Identification of sources of resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in a collection of Brassica napus plant introductions","authors":"D. Marino, K. Chittem, F. Shahoveisi, V. Chapara, Susan Ruud, L. E. del Río Mendoza","doi":"10.1094/php-09-22-0094-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-09-22-0094-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Clubroot is a soil-borne disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, that is emerging as a production problem in North Dakota (ND), which contributes approximately 90% of the total US canola production. P. brassicae’s resiliency in the soil and its ability to overcome the genetic resistance available in commercial hybrids make this a significant threat to canola production in the state and highlights the need to identify additional sources of resistance. To this effect, 115 Brassica napus plant introduction accessions were evaluated for their reaction to clubroot in field trials conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a naturally infested field. Seven accessions with high levels of clubroot resistance were identified. These resistant materials may contribute to widening the genetic resistance base of modern canola cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48995214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1094/php-05-22-0049-rs
W. Guan, J. Bonkowski, T. Creswell, D. Egel
In June 2020, a leaf spot caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. in Indiana strawberry production was confirmed to be the same disease recently found in Florida strawberry production. Differences in cultivar susceptibility were observed in the field. Greenhouse trials using either bare-root or plug plants were conducted to explore possible differences in host resistance to the foliar phase of the disease caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. Clear differences in cultivar susceptibility were observed. Florida Brilliance, Florida Sensation, Camino Real, and Florida Radiance were among the most susceptible cultivars evaluated in these trials. Several short-day cultivars including AC Valley Sunset, Darselect, Earliglow, Flavorfest, Galetta, Honeoye, Jewel and Sonata remained asymptomatic in the trials. Since the above-mentioned asymptomatic short-day cultivars are commonly used in matted row systems typical of Indiana strawberry production, future field trials with the matted row system may demonstrate that the foliar phase of the disease caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. may be less common in Indiana than in other areas of the US.
2020年6月，印第安纳州草莓生产中由Neopestalotiopsis sp.引起的叶斑病被证实与最近在佛罗里达州草莓生产中发现的疾病相同。田间观察到不同品种的敏感性差异。利用裸根和塞根植物进行温室试验，以探索寄主对新estestalotiopsis sp引起的叶面期疾病的抗性可能存在的差异。在这些试验中，佛罗里达光辉、佛罗里达感觉、卡米诺Real和佛罗里达光辉是最敏感的品种。包括AC Valley Sunset、Darselect、Earliglow、Flavorfest、Galetta、Honeoye、Jewel和Sonata在内的几个短日照品种在试验中仍无症状。由于上述无症状短日照品种通常用于印第安纳州草莓生产典型的交错行系统，未来的交错行系统田间试验可能会证明，与美国其他地区相比，由Neopestalotiopsis sp.引起的疾病在印第安纳州的叶面阶段可能不太常见。
{"title":"Strawberry Cultivar Susceptibility to Neopestalotiopsis leaf spot in Indiana","authors":"W. Guan, J. Bonkowski, T. Creswell, D. Egel","doi":"10.1094/php-05-22-0049-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-05-22-0049-rs","url":null,"abstract":"In June 2020, a leaf spot caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. in Indiana strawberry production was confirmed to be the same disease recently found in Florida strawberry production. Differences in cultivar susceptibility were observed in the field. Greenhouse trials using either bare-root or plug plants were conducted to explore possible differences in host resistance to the foliar phase of the disease caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. Clear differences in cultivar susceptibility were observed. Florida Brilliance, Florida Sensation, Camino Real, and Florida Radiance were among the most susceptible cultivars evaluated in these trials. Several short-day cultivars including AC Valley Sunset, Darselect, Earliglow, Flavorfest, Galetta, Honeoye, Jewel and Sonata remained asymptomatic in the trials. Since the above-mentioned asymptomatic short-day cultivars are commonly used in matted row systems typical of Indiana strawberry production, future field trials with the matted row system may demonstrate that the foliar phase of the disease caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. may be less common in Indiana than in other areas of the US.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41786830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1094/php-08-22-0075-rs
Linda Hebb, C. Bradley, D. Telenko, K. Wise, A. Dorrance
Soilborne oomycete pathogens of soybean are a constant concern, especially at the seedling growth stage. In a survey for Phytophthora sojae, 126 isolates of Phytophthora sansomeana were recovered through soil bating between 2016 and 2018, of which 42 were from Indiana, 9 from Kentucky, and 75 from Ohio. A subset of P. sansomeana isolates along with check isolates of Phytophthora sojae, Pythium irregulare, and Pythium ultimum var ultimum were selected for pathogenicity testing using Petri plate, tray test, and greenhouse cup assays. The average seed rot score for P. sansomeana infected seeds in the Petri plate assay was 2.3 on a scale from zero to three with three indicating complete colonization with little to no germination of seeds. In the tray test assay, the mean lesion development on the seedling tap root for P. sansomeana was 4.9 mm, compared to 46.0 mm for P. sojae. In the greenhouse cup assay the average root rot score of P. sansomeana was 2.1 on a scale from one to five where a score of five indicates no germination. Based on these assays, P. sansomeana isolates were more aggressive seed rotters than P. sojae and Pythium isolates. Conversely, they developed smaller tap root lesions on soybean seedlings than P. sojae, and less severe root rot compared with isolates of Pythium irregulare and Py. ultimum. This research reinforces the importance of selecting a diverse panel of isolates to screen for resistance in host plants, as well as selecting effective management strategies against multiple seedling pathogens.
大豆的土传卵菌病原菌一直是人们关注的问题，特别是在幼苗生长阶段。在一项大豆疫霉菌调查中，2016年至2018年通过土壤加热回收了126株大豆疫霉菌，其中42株来自印第安纳州，9株来自肯塔基州，75株来自俄亥俄州。采用培养皿试验、托盘试验和温室杯试验，选取一组桑索纳病原菌分离株，以及大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)、不规则皮霉(Pythium不规则皮霉)和最后皮霉(Pythium ultimum var ultimum)的对照分离株进行致病性试验。在培养皿试验中，受感染种子的平均腐烂分数为2.3分(从0到3分)，其中3分表示完全定植，种子几乎没有发芽。在托盘试验中，山参幼苗主根的平均病变发育为4.9 mm，大豆为46.0 mm。在温室杯试验中，在从1到5的尺度上，山参草根腐病的平均得分为2.1，得分为5表示没有发芽。结果表明，该菌株的种子腐殖率高于大豆腐殖率和皮腐殖率。相反，它们在大豆幼苗上发生的根茎损伤比大豆芽孢霉小，与不规则皮孢霉和Py分离株相比，根腐病的严重程度较轻。最后。这项研究强调了选择不同的分离物来筛选寄主植物的抗性以及选择针对多种幼苗病原体的有效管理策略的重要性。
{"title":"Isolates of Phytophthora sansomeana Display a Range of Aggressiveness on Soybean Seedlings","authors":"Linda Hebb, C. Bradley, D. Telenko, K. Wise, A. Dorrance","doi":"10.1094/php-08-22-0075-rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-08-22-0075-rs","url":null,"abstract":"Soilborne oomycete pathogens of soybean are a constant concern, especially at the seedling growth stage. In a survey for Phytophthora sojae, 126 isolates of Phytophthora sansomeana were recovered through soil bating between 2016 and 2018, of which 42 were from Indiana, 9 from Kentucky, and 75 from Ohio. A subset of P. sansomeana isolates along with check isolates of Phytophthora sojae, Pythium irregulare, and Pythium ultimum var ultimum were selected for pathogenicity testing using Petri plate, tray test, and greenhouse cup assays. The average seed rot score for P. sansomeana infected seeds in the Petri plate assay was 2.3 on a scale from zero to three with three indicating complete colonization with little to no germination of seeds. In the tray test assay, the mean lesion development on the seedling tap root for P. sansomeana was 4.9 mm, compared to 46.0 mm for P. sojae. In the greenhouse cup assay the average root rot score of P. sansomeana was 2.1 on a scale from one to five where a score of five indicates no germination. Based on these assays, P. sansomeana isolates were more aggressive seed rotters than P. sojae and Pythium isolates. Conversely, they developed smaller tap root lesions on soybean seedlings than P. sojae, and less severe root rot compared with isolates of Pythium irregulare and Py. ultimum. This research reinforces the importance of selecting a diverse panel of isolates to screen for resistance in host plants, as well as selecting effective management strategies against multiple seedling pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45508190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1094/php-06-22-0056-s
Mary Elizabeth Steele, S. Hewavitharana, Peter M. Henry, P. Goldman, G. Holmes
There are four major soilborne pathogens of strawberries in California, but their distribution and prevalence in the Watsonville-Salinas production district are unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, 74 symptomatic strawberry plant samples were collected from 69 fields in the Watsonville-Salinas growing district between 11 August and 15 October 2021. Each sample consisted of eight plants exhibiting moderate to severe plant collapse. Crown tissue from each plant was excised and pooled for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to detect Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora spp. Root, petiole and crown tissue from plant samples in which no pathogens were detected by RPA was plated on semi-selective media to verify the absence of the four pathogens and screen for other pathogenic fungi. At least one of the four pathogens was detected in 55 of the 74 samples (74.3%). All four of the major soilborne pathogens are prevalent in this growing district, as F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, M. phaseolina, Phytophthora spp. and V. dahliae were detected in 23 samples (31.1%), 22 samples (29.7%), 18 samples (24.3%), and 16 samples (22.0%), respectively. No strong associations were found between the pathogens and growing practices.
{"title":"Survey of late-season soilborne pathogens infecting strawberry in Watsonville-Salinas, California","authors":"Mary Elizabeth Steele, S. Hewavitharana, Peter M. Henry, P. Goldman, G. Holmes","doi":"10.1094/php-06-22-0056-s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-06-22-0056-s","url":null,"abstract":"There are four major soilborne pathogens of strawberries in California, but their distribution and prevalence in the Watsonville-Salinas production district are unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, 74 symptomatic strawberry plant samples were collected from 69 fields in the Watsonville-Salinas growing district between 11 August and 15 October 2021. Each sample consisted of eight plants exhibiting moderate to severe plant collapse. Crown tissue from each plant was excised and pooled for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to detect Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora spp. Root, petiole and crown tissue from plant samples in which no pathogens were detected by RPA was plated on semi-selective media to verify the absence of the four pathogens and screen for other pathogenic fungi. At least one of the four pathogens was detected in 55 of the 74 samples (74.3%). All four of the major soilborne pathogens are prevalent in this growing district, as F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, M. phaseolina, Phytophthora spp. and V. dahliae were detected in 23 samples (31.1%), 22 samples (29.7%), 18 samples (24.3%), and 16 samples (22.0%), respectively. No strong associations were found between the pathogens and growing practices.","PeriodicalId":20251,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46970971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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