Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010005
Leena Heinämäki
Indigenous peoples have attracted a lot of attention in international legal and political instruments during the last couple of decades. Only very recently, however, have international institutions started to address the situation of minorities within minorities that often experience multiple discrimination. This article focuses on the vulnerable situation and the rights of Sámi persons with disabilities in Finland as the case study to demonstrate the inadequacy of different legal regimes to recognise and thus help to prevent and overcome the multiple discrimination of persons with disabilities who also belong to the indigenous community. The article calls for an intersectional approach to law, in order to recognise that persons with multiple identities may need legal protection that recognises the problem of multiple discrimination, and thereby adequately protects their rights and equality.
{"title":"Indigenous Persons with Disabilities: The Quest for Legal Recognition of Intersectionality and the Prohibition of Multiple Discrimination using the Example of the Sámi People in Finland","authors":"Leena Heinämäki","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010005","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous peoples have attracted a lot of attention in international legal and political instruments during the last couple of decades. Only very recently, however, have international institutions started to address the situation of minorities within minorities that often experience multiple discrimination. This article focuses on the vulnerable situation and the rights of Sámi persons with disabilities in Finland as the case study to demonstrate the inadequacy of different legal regimes to recognise and thus help to prevent and overcome the multiple discrimination of persons with disabilities who also belong to the indigenous community. The article calls for an intersectional approach to law, in order to recognise that persons with multiple identities may need legal protection that recognises the problem of multiple discrimination, and thereby adequately protects their rights and equality.","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"379 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113999426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010002
Vivian Motzfeldt
{"title":"The Need to Safeguard an Official Language by Law: The Case of Greenland","authors":"Vivian Motzfeldt","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122926218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010024
A. Proelss
{"title":"Elena Conde and Sara Iglesias Sánchez (eds), Global Challenges in the Arctic Region: Sovereignty, Environment and Geopolitical Balance (London/New York: Routledge, 2017) 464 pp.","authors":"A. Proelss","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114641613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010023
U. Etemire
{"title":"Timo Koivurova, Pamela Lesser et al. (eds), Environmental Impact Assessmen in the Arctic: A Guide to Best Practice (Edward Elgar Publishing Inc., 2016) 311 pp.","authors":"U. Etemire","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"380 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_01001001
Editors The Yearbook of Polar Law Online
{"title":"Preliminary Material","authors":"Editors The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","doi":"10.1163/22116427_01001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_01001001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122245475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010019
Timo Koivurova
{"title":"China & the Arctic: Why the Focus on International Law Matters","authors":"Timo Koivurova","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134458501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010010
O. Penttilä
Recently, the Arctic has transformed from a peripheral region to an area of great interest, for instance in terms of oil drilling. Nonetheless, no legal instrument has addressed the matter of accountability for transfrontier oil pollution damage. This article accordingly evaluates whether the current legal constructs, meaning State responsibility, international liability, civil liability regimes, and multilateral environmental agreements, allow accountability to be established for transboundary environmental harm resulting from hydrocarbon exploitation in the Arctic. It also examines whether these constructions could serve as the basis for future legislative actions. This article treats these four constructions as layers of accountability. After examining all of the layers in their current formulation, this article asserts that the existing layers cannot establish accountability for transboundary environmental damage in the Arctic, nor do they as such offer an effective way to regulate accountability in the future. Therefore, the article concludes that the law of accountability necessitates a new approach, such as a non-compliance mechanism or hybrid system combining elements of multiple layers. Finally, the article calls for immediate legislative actions.
{"title":"Transboundary Environmental Harm in the Arctic – In Search of Accountability for an Oil Spill","authors":"O. Penttilä","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010010","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the Arctic has transformed from a peripheral region to an area of great interest, for instance in terms of oil drilling. Nonetheless, no legal instrument has addressed the matter of accountability for transfrontier oil pollution damage. This article accordingly evaluates whether the current legal constructs, meaning State responsibility, international liability, civil liability regimes, and multilateral environmental agreements, allow accountability to be established for transboundary environmental harm resulting from hydrocarbon exploitation in the Arctic. It also examines whether these constructions could serve as the basis for future legislative actions. This article treats these four constructions as layers of accountability. After examining all of the layers in their current formulation, this article asserts that the existing layers cannot establish accountability for transboundary environmental damage in the Arctic, nor do they as such offer an effective way to regulate accountability in the future. Therefore, the article concludes that the law of accountability necessitates a new approach, such as a non-compliance mechanism or hybrid system combining elements of multiple layers. Finally, the article calls for immediate legislative actions.","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115386774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010003
Evan T. Bloom
{"title":"Two Key Developments in Polar Law and Diplomacy: A New Arctic Science Agreement and Establishment of the World’s Largest Marine Protected Area in Antarctica’s Ross Sea","authors":"Evan T. Bloom","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116382418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22116427_010010025
J. Dimento
{"title":"Niels Vestergaard, Brooks A. Kaiser, Linda Fernandez and Joan Nymand Larsen (eds), Arctic Marine Resource Governance and Development (Springer, 2018) 235 pp.","authors":"J. Dimento","doi":"10.1163/22116427_010010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202575,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Polar Law Online","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115796082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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