Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.24
E. Gomez-Hernández, C. F. Uribe, R. Cumplido
This work presents a hardware architecture of the ConText steganographic technique in a Cyclone II FPGA of the Altera family. The ConText technique takes advantage of noisy regions and those with abrupt gray levels changes in an image where the hidden information is very difficult to detect; the process to locate this region is highly repetitive and computationally expensive. The technique is implemented in an FPGA to increase the processing speed. The implementation results show a throughput of 61.5 Mbps.
这项工作提出了Altera家族的Cyclone II FPGA中的上下文隐写技术的硬件架构。上下文技术利用了图像中的噪声区域和灰度突变区域，这些区域的隐藏信息很难被检测到;定位该区域的过程是高度重复的，并且计算成本很高。该技术在FPGA中实现，以提高处理速度。实现结果显示吞吐量为61.5 Mbps。
{"title":"FPGA Hardware Architecture of the Steganographic ConText Technique","authors":"E. Gomez-Hernández, C. F. Uribe, R. Cumplido","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.24","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a hardware architecture of the ConText steganographic technique in a Cyclone II FPGA of the Altera family. The ConText technique takes advantage of noisy regions and those with abrupt gray levels changes in an image where the hidden information is very difficult to detect; the process to locate this region is highly repetitive and computationally expensive. The technique is implemented in an FPGA to increase the processing speed. The implementation results show a throughput of 61.5 Mbps.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121404579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.16
A. Zemliak
The problem of analog system design for a minimal computer time has been formulated as the functional minimization problem of the control theory. The design process in this case is formulated as the controllable dynamic system. The optimal sequence of the control vector switch points was determined as a principal characteristic of the minimal-time system design algorithm. The different forms of the Lyapunov function were proposed to analyze the behavior of design process. The special function that is a combination of Lyapunov function and its time derivative was proposed to predict the optimal control vector structure.
{"title":"Analysis of the Lyapunov Function of Design Process for Different Design Strategies","authors":"A. Zemliak","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.16","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of analog system design for a minimal computer time has been formulated as the functional minimization problem of the control theory. The design process in this case is formulated as the controllable dynamic system. The optimal sequence of the control vector switch points was determined as a principal characteristic of the minimal-time system design algorithm. The different forms of the Lyapunov function were proposed to analyze the behavior of design process. The special function that is a combination of Lyapunov function and its time derivative was proposed to predict the optimal control vector structure.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124234344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.20
Homero Toral, D. T. Román, C. Hernández, L. E. Vargas
In this paper, as result of a thorough self-similar analysis we found self-similar characteristics in different sets of VoIP Jitter traces, with short range and long range statistical dependence (i.e. LRD and SRD). We used the E-model's R factor for estimating the QoS perceived by the end user, and we established the following empirical relationships: when the values of the estimated Hurst parameter were lower than 0.5 (SRD) the analyzed performance metrics, i.e. average packet loss rate and average Jitter, maintained stable values and acceptable QoS levels. While the values of the estimated Hurst parameter were greater than 0.5 (LRD) the variability of the analyzed performance metrics were increased and the QoS levels diminished. The other empirical relationship shown in this article refers to the payload size for each CODEC type used, the larger the payload size was, the higher the average Jitter became.
{"title":"Self-Similarity, Packet Loss, Jitter, and Packet Size: Empirical Relationships for VoIP","authors":"Homero Toral, D. T. Román, C. Hernández, L. E. Vargas","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.20","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, as result of a thorough self-similar analysis we found self-similar characteristics in different sets of VoIP Jitter traces, with short range and long range statistical dependence (i.e. LRD and SRD). We used the E-model's R factor for estimating the QoS perceived by the end user, and we established the following empirical relationships: when the values of the estimated Hurst parameter were lower than 0.5 (SRD) the analyzed performance metrics, i.e. average packet loss rate and average Jitter, maintained stable values and acceptable QoS levels. While the values of the estimated Hurst parameter were greater than 0.5 (LRD) the variability of the analyzed performance metrics were increased and the QoS levels diminished. The other empirical relationship shown in this article refers to the payload size for each CODEC type used, the larger the payload size was, the higher the average Jitter became.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128068564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.11
D. Colin, A. Díaz-Sánchez, M. L. Aranda
This paper presents the design of 2 stages ring oscillator voltage controlled (VCO), through phase degeneration of the load symmetrical cell, using local feedback networks, these feedback networks are implemented using the quasi- floating gate transistors (QFGT's), in order to upset the circuit. The design was done in technology AMIS CMOS 0.35 mu.
{"title":"Design of 2 Stages Ring Oscillators Applying Local Networks of Feedback","authors":"D. Colin, A. Díaz-Sánchez, M. L. Aranda","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of 2 stages ring oscillator voltage controlled (VCO), through phase degeneration of the load symmetrical cell, using local feedback networks, these feedback networks are implemented using the quasi- floating gate transistors (QFGT's), in order to upset the circuit. The design was done in technology AMIS CMOS 0.35 mu.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125263431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.6
H. Lobato-Morales, A. Corona‐Chavez, L. G. Guerrero-Ojeda
The design, construction and characterization of planar antennas implemented using fiberglass substrate is presented. For PCS-band frequencies (1.9 GHz), planar antennas are usually constructed of copper films on low- permittivity low loss substrates such as Duroid. Duroid improves the antenna efficiency due to its uniform structure for microwave designs, but its main disadvantage is its high cost. Good antenna performance can be achieved using other substrates, like fiberglass, that is one of the most common materials to construct DC printed circuit boards. Dipoles, patches and collinear arrays are implemented using fiberglass substrates achieving good performance over PCS band. A directional wideband Vivaldi antenna is designed and implemented using the same fiberglass substrate for gain measurements.
{"title":"Omnidirectional Planar Antennas for PCS-Band Applications Using Fiberglass Substrates","authors":"H. Lobato-Morales, A. Corona‐Chavez, L. G. Guerrero-Ojeda","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.6","url":null,"abstract":"The design, construction and characterization of planar antennas implemented using fiberglass substrate is presented. For PCS-band frequencies (1.9 GHz), planar antennas are usually constructed of copper films on low- permittivity low loss substrates such as Duroid. Duroid improves the antenna efficiency due to its uniform structure for microwave designs, but its main disadvantage is its high cost. Good antenna performance can be achieved using other substrates, like fiberglass, that is one of the most common materials to construct DC printed circuit boards. Dipoles, patches and collinear arrays are implemented using fiberglass substrates achieving good performance over PCS band. A directional wideband Vivaldi antenna is designed and implemented using the same fiberglass substrate for gain measurements.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126746569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.19
L. Estrada, D. Torres, J. Ramirez
In this work, a comparison of three estimators of the Hurst parameter is presented: the classical variance-based method and two new estimators based on an orthogonal decomposition (that can be achieved by aggregated series or by using Haar filters) and that use, respectively, a weighted and a non-weighted linear regression. These three estimators were applied to a set of synthetic fGN traces. The analyses showed that the variance method and the estimator that uses non-weighted linear regression underestimate the theoretical value of H, while the third estimator, decomposition-based, that uses a weighted linear regression, shows an excellent behavior. This estimator presented a bias nearer to zero and the lowest standard error when applied to fGN traces for lengths from 1024 to 1048576 samples. The presented decomposition can be extended to study the frequency information of the time series, by obtaining what we call Hurst spectrum, and to generate time series that comply the definitions of self-similar time series.
{"title":"Hurst Parameter Estimator Based on a Decomposition by Aggregated Series","authors":"L. Estrada, D. Torres, J. Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.19","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a comparison of three estimators of the Hurst parameter is presented: the classical variance-based method and two new estimators based on an orthogonal decomposition (that can be achieved by aggregated series or by using Haar filters) and that use, respectively, a weighted and a non-weighted linear regression. These three estimators were applied to a set of synthetic fGN traces. The analyses showed that the variance method and the estimator that uses non-weighted linear regression underestimate the theoretical value of H, while the third estimator, decomposition-based, that uses a weighted linear regression, shows an excellent behavior. This estimator presented a bias nearer to zero and the lowest standard error when applied to fGN traces for lengths from 1024 to 1048576 samples. The presented decomposition can be extended to study the frequency information of the time series, by obtaining what we call Hurst spectrum, and to generate time series that comply the definitions of self-similar time series.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"65 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130022451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.9
Germán Ardul Muñoz Hernández, G. Tejeda-Munoz, A. F. Tellez, C. Gracios-Marin, A. Díaz-Sánchez
In this work is presented a noise analyse of the Front- Electronics of the ACORDE detector. ACORDE is one of the detectors that will be employed on the ALICE project. Low pass filters are applied in order to reduce the noise on the output signal. The results of using filters allow us to consider it in the next upgrade of the ACORDE electronics.
{"title":"Implication of Electric Noise in the ACORDE Front-End Electronics of the ALICE Experiment","authors":"Germán Ardul Muñoz Hernández, G. Tejeda-Munoz, A. F. Tellez, C. Gracios-Marin, A. Díaz-Sánchez","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this work is presented a noise analyse of the Front- Electronics of the ACORDE detector. ACORDE is one of the detectors that will be employed on the ALICE project. Low pass filters are applied in order to reduce the noise on the output signal. The results of using filters allow us to consider it in the next upgrade of the ACORDE electronics.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122063484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.30
A. L. Rincon, J. Vázquez-González, A. Aguilera-Fernandez, Juan Antonio Navarro Martínez, A. Z. Escudero-Uribe
The present article shows an application of Fourier analysis for signal processing. The main characteristic of the project is that the iterative fast Fourier transform radix-2 decimation-in-frequency algorithm had to be adjusted into an 8 bit format for increasing processing speed. The adjusted algorithm was introduce into a microcontroller and used to determine the effort made in a muscle through the acquisition and processing of a microelectric signal.
{"title":"Fast Fourier Transform Adjusted into 8 Bit Format for Instrumentation Purposes","authors":"A. L. Rincon, J. Vázquez-González, A. Aguilera-Fernandez, Juan Antonio Navarro Martínez, A. Z. Escudero-Uribe","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.30","url":null,"abstract":"The present article shows an application of Fourier analysis for signal processing. The main characteristic of the project is that the iterative fast Fourier transform radix-2 decimation-in-frequency algorithm had to be adjusted into an 8 bit format for increasing processing speed. The adjusted algorithm was introduce into a microcontroller and used to determine the effort made in a muscle through the acquisition and processing of a microelectric signal.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114617316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.28
L. A. Sánchez-Gaspariano, A. Díaz-Sánchez
Analysis of diverse transceiver architectures available for wireless communication systems are addressed in this work. The aim is to determine which of those is better suited for mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems. In order to accomplish such task, a general description of the IEEE 802.16e standard is presented focusing on its most important characteristics and pointing out the most stringent requirements it imposes for data transmission and reception.
{"title":"IEEE 802.16e Design Issues and Transceiver Architecture Selection for Mobile WiMAX Systems","authors":"L. A. Sánchez-Gaspariano, A. Díaz-Sánchez","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.28","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of diverse transceiver architectures available for wireless communication systems are addressed in this work. The aim is to determine which of those is better suited for mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems. In order to accomplish such task, a general description of the IEEE 802.16e standard is presented focusing on its most important characteristics and pointing out the most stringent requirements it imposes for data transmission and reception.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125700000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-03DOI: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.38
B. Sánchez-Rinza, Diana Alejandra Bigurra Zavala, A. Corona‐Chavez
Cryptography is the science that studies the transformation of a determined message into a code, such that only some people can obtain the original message. Generally, a key is used to cipher the message, the resultant code can only be deciphered if the original key is known. Cryptographers are involved in developing safe and difficult to decipher crypto-systems , while crypto-analysts try to break the crypto system to obtain the original message from the ciphered code. From these two opposite sides it is said that the good guys belong to one side while the bad guys to the other, however these roles can change depending on the contextual situation. In this work an algorithm is developed using probability and statistics to break the encryption of text files in Spanish. This method assigns different weights to different alphabetical letters depending on their usage in the language.
{"title":"De-Encryption of a Text in Spanish Using Probability and Statistics","authors":"B. Sánchez-Rinza, Diana Alejandra Bigurra Zavala, A. Corona‐Chavez","doi":"10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2008.38","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptography is the science that studies the transformation of a determined message into a code, such that only some people can obtain the original message. Generally, a key is used to cipher the message, the resultant code can only be deciphered if the original key is known. Cryptographers are involved in developing safe and difficult to decipher crypto-systems , while crypto-analysts try to break the crypto system to obtain the original message from the ciphered code. From these two opposite sides it is said that the good guys belong to one side while the bad guys to the other, however these roles can change depending on the contextual situation. In this work an algorithm is developed using probability and statistics to break the encryption of text files in Spanish. This method assigns different weights to different alphabetical letters depending on their usage in the language.","PeriodicalId":202730,"journal":{"name":"18th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (conielecomp 2008)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123339808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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