Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2026.2615633
Fengfeng Jia, Zhaoqing Lu, Huimei Zhao, Tao Huang, Pengbo Yang, Chunting Li, Jingru Zhang, Jin Liu, Ruixue Pang, Li Hua
The extensive use of aramid fibers in high-performance sectors such as aerospace, defense, rail transportation, and personal protection has driven the continuous expansion of global production capacity, leading to rapidly growing volumes of waste aramid resources. However, recycling remains challenging due to the fibers’ persistently rigid molecular chains, aromatic polyamide structures, high crystallinity, and orientation, which confer resistance to mechanical processing and common chemical agents. This review systematically summarizes recycling technologies for aramid fibers—including deprotonation, depolymerization, pyrolysis, and mechanical method while evaluating their development trajectories. Notably, depolymerization achieves >90% monomer recovery, whereas solvent-free mechanical and deprotonation routes significantly enhance recycling efficiency and reduce carbon emissions compared to pyrolysis. Critical barriers to scalable implementation are identified, such as inefficient fiber-matrix interfacial separation, chemical reagent toxicity risks, and regulatory gaps in recycled product certification. By mapping pathways toward closed-loop utilization, this work provides foundational insights for advancing circularity of aramid fibers in the polymer industry.
{"title":"Valorization of Waste Aramid Fibers: A Comparative Review of Deprotonation, Depolymerization, and Beyond","authors":"Fengfeng Jia, Zhaoqing Lu, Huimei Zhao, Tao Huang, Pengbo Yang, Chunting Li, Jingru Zhang, Jin Liu, Ruixue Pang, Li Hua","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2026.2615633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2026.2615633","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive use of aramid fibers in high-performance sectors such as aerospace, defense, rail transportation, and personal protection has driven the continuous expansion of global production capacity, leading to rapidly growing volumes of waste aramid resources. However, recycling remains challenging due to the fibers’ persistently rigid molecular chains, aromatic polyamide structures, high crystallinity, and orientation, which confer resistance to mechanical processing and common chemical agents. This review systematically summarizes recycling technologies for aramid fibers—including deprotonation, depolymerization, pyrolysis, and mechanical method while evaluating their development trajectories. Notably, depolymerization achieves >90% monomer recovery, whereas solvent-free mechanical and deprotonation routes significantly enhance recycling efficiency and reduce carbon emissions compared to pyrolysis. Critical barriers to scalable implementation are identified, such as inefficient fiber-matrix interfacial separation, chemical reagent toxicity risks, and regulatory gaps in recycled product certification. By mapping pathways toward closed-loop utilization, this work provides foundational insights for advancing circularity of aramid fibers in the polymer industry.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2026.2618724
Jean Coudane, Hélène Van Den Berghe, Philippe Gonzalez, Julia Mouton, Benjamin Nottelet, Xavier Garric
{"title":"Strategies for the Functionalization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Chains. Toward New Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Graft Copolymers","authors":"Jean Coudane, Hélène Van Den Berghe, Philippe Gonzalez, Julia Mouton, Benjamin Nottelet, Xavier Garric","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2026.2618724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2026.2618724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2026.2619878
Shuo Zheng, Ying Xue, Shaoyuan Zhong, Shulin Sun
Polymer-based film capacitors are extensively utilized in various industries, including new energy vehicles, high-voltage transmission, and microwave communication, owing to their fast charge-discharge rate, low energy loss, and high power density. In recent years, polymer-based inorganic nanocomposite dielectric films have been extensively researched, revealing challenges in processing and application because of poor compatibility. On the contrary, all-organic polymer dielectrics have been focused on in the field of energy storage because they are more suitable for large-scale production because of their low cost and excellent processability, showcasing promising prospects for development. This review introduces the theory of dielectric energy storage, such as polarization mechanism, breakdown mechanism, conduction mechanism, and energy storage parameters, in detail and depth, and emphasizes the research progress of PMMA-based and PVDF-based copolymers, and PMMA-based/PVDF-based all-organic composite materials, including molecular structure design, blend modification, and structural design. Eventually, some possible problems and future research priorities are presented for all-organic PMMA-based/PVDF-based dielectric composite materials.
{"title":"All-Organic Composite Materials for Dielectric Capacitors Based on PMMA/PVDF Films: Theory, Copolymer Modification, Structural Designs and Future Prospects","authors":"Shuo Zheng, Ying Xue, Shaoyuan Zhong, Shulin Sun","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2026.2619878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2026.2619878","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-based film capacitors are extensively utilized in various industries, including new energy vehicles, high-voltage transmission, and microwave communication, owing to their fast charge-discharge rate, low energy loss, and high power density. In recent years, polymer-based inorganic nanocomposite dielectric films have been extensively researched, revealing challenges in processing and application because of poor compatibility. On the contrary, all-organic polymer dielectrics have been focused on in the field of energy storage because they are more suitable for large-scale production because of their low cost and excellent processability, showcasing promising prospects for development. This review introduces the theory of dielectric energy storage, such as polarization mechanism, breakdown mechanism, conduction mechanism, and energy storage parameters, in detail and depth, and emphasizes the research progress of PMMA-based and PVDF-based copolymers, and PMMA-based/PVDF-based all-organic composite materials, including molecular structure design, blend modification, and structural design. Eventually, some possible problems and future research priorities are presented for all-organic PMMA-based/PVDF-based dielectric composite materials.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2026.2612689
Ali Ghavipanjeh, Sadegh Sadeghzadeh
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is advantageous for researchers due to its simplicity. Recent developments enable the fabrication of LIG on eco-friendly substrates, providing new opportunities for the emergence of sustainable electronics that reduce environmental harm. This study summarizes recent advances in manufacturing procedures for LIG on cellulose substrates, including paper, nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibers. This review examines the performance of cellulose precursors, with a focus on their applications and characterization methods. This review categorizes its three major applications into supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors, and physical sensors. The key advantages and limitations of various cellulose substrates for these applications are compared to those of polymer-derived LIG. Cellulose-based LIG demonstrates the potential to rival or even surpass its synthetic counterparts, presenting a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative due to its biodegradability. This review also highlights the outstanding challenges that need to be addressed to advance these manufacturing processes further and explores future opportunities in the field.
{"title":"Cellulose-Based Laser-Induced Graphene: Progress and Prospects","authors":"Ali Ghavipanjeh, Sadegh Sadeghzadeh","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2026.2612689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2026.2612689","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is advantageous for researchers due to its simplicity. Recent developments enable the fabrication of LIG on eco-friendly substrates, providing new opportunities for the emergence of sustainable electronics that reduce environmental harm. This study summarizes recent advances in manufacturing procedures for LIG on cellulose substrates, including paper, nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibers. This review examines the performance of cellulose precursors, with a focus on their applications and characterization methods. This review categorizes its three major applications into supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors, and physical sensors. The key advantages and limitations of various cellulose substrates for these applications are compared to those of polymer-derived LIG. Cellulose-based LIG demonstrates the potential to rival or even surpass its synthetic counterparts, presenting a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative due to its biodegradability. This review also highlights the outstanding challenges that need to be addressed to advance these manufacturing processes further and explores future opportunities in the field.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2025.2592540
Yeong Ni H’ng, Pooria Pasbakhsh, Xiaofei Alex Duan, Massoud Sofi
{"title":"Pyrolysis of Polymeric Materials from Decommissioned Subsea Flowlines: A Review","authors":"Yeong Ni H’ng, Pooria Pasbakhsh, Xiaofei Alex Duan, Massoud Sofi","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2025.2592540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2025.2592540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2025.2580645
Li-Han Rong, Jan Vincent M. Madayag, Jin Ge, Tianqi Guan, Eugene B. Caldona
The development of highly entangled polymer gels marks a significant advancement in the design of soft materials. Unlike conventional gels, which often suffer from an intrinsic tradeoff between stiffness and toughness, these entangled systems overcome such limitations by enabling stress dissipation through chain sliding and entropic elasticity. As a result, they exhibit exceptional mechanical robustness, high fatigue resistance, and minimal hysteresis. This review explores the structure-property-performance relationships and characterization methods associated with entangled networks, with particular emphasis on their advantages over highly chemically crosslinked gels. Key synthetic strategies, such as in situ polymerization under high monomer concentrations, spatial confinement approaches, and novel processing methods, are also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the functional versatility and emerging applications of these polymer materials in flexible electronics, ion transport regulation, 3D printing, and environmental remediation, as well as the use of computational, simulation, and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) approaches in studying their overall dynamic behavior. By consolidating recent advancements and identifying persisting challenges, this review aims to provide a roadmap for advancing highly entangled polymer gels toward harmonizing superior mechanical performance and multifunctional adaptability.
{"title":"Highly Entangled Polymer Gels Toward Controlled Stiffness and Toughness in Soft Materials","authors":"Li-Han Rong, Jan Vincent M. Madayag, Jin Ge, Tianqi Guan, Eugene B. Caldona","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2025.2580645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2025.2580645","url":null,"abstract":"The development of highly entangled polymer gels marks a significant advancement in the design of soft materials. Unlike conventional gels, which often suffer from an intrinsic tradeoff between stiffness and toughness, these entangled systems overcome such limitations by enabling stress dissipation through chain sliding and entropic elasticity. As a result, they exhibit exceptional mechanical robustness, high fatigue resistance, and minimal hysteresis. This review explores the structure-property-performance relationships and characterization methods associated with entangled networks, with particular emphasis on their advantages over highly chemically crosslinked gels. Key synthetic strategies, such as <i>in situ</i> polymerization under high monomer concentrations, spatial confinement approaches, and novel processing methods, are also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the functional versatility and emerging applications of these polymer materials in flexible electronics, ion transport regulation, 3D printing, and environmental remediation, as well as the use of computational, simulation, and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) approaches in studying their overall dynamic behavior. By consolidating recent advancements and identifying persisting challenges, this review aims to provide a roadmap for advancing highly entangled polymer gels toward harmonizing superior mechanical performance and multifunctional adaptability.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2025.2580651
Maria João Silva, Teresa Chichorro, Patrícia Alves, Rui C. Martins, João Gomes, Paula Ferreira
Polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a promising material for wastewater treatment due to its high conductivity, chemical stability, and redox properties. However, its physicochemical characteristics are susceptible to the chosen synthesis method and operating conditions. Despite the growing number of studies exploring PANI for environmental applications, a well-defined and systematic basis for selecting optimal synthesis methods and conditions is still missing. This review critically analyzes the advantages and limitations of various PANI synthesis procedures, including chemical oxidative, electrochemical, enzymatic, and alternative polymerization methods, with a particular focus on how synthesis conditions (e.g., dopant type/concentration, oxidant, temperature) affect the conductivity, morphology, and surface area of the resulting polymer. Based on current evidence, chemical oxidative polymerization (COP) using 1 M HCl and ammonium persulfate (APS) at 0–5 °C and an APS/aniline molar ratio between 0.8 and 1.25 mol/mol is recommended to maximize conductivity and enhance performance for photocatalytic and adsorptive wastewater treatment. The review also highlights key knowledge gaps, particularly in downstream processing, and offers guidance for future research on scalable and sustainable PANI production.
聚苯胺（PANI）由于其高导电性、化学稳定性和氧化还原性而成为一种很有前途的污水处理材料。然而，其物理化学特性受合成方法和操作条件的影响。尽管越来越多的研究探索聚苯胺在环境中的应用，但选择最佳合成方法和条件的明确和系统的基础仍然缺乏。这篇综述批判性地分析了各种聚苯胺合成方法的优点和局限性，包括化学氧化，电化学，酶和替代聚合方法，特别关注合成条件（例如，掺杂类型/浓度，氧化剂，温度）如何影响所得聚合物的电导率，形态和表面积。根据目前的证据，建议在0-5°C下使用1 M HCl和过硫酸铵（APS）， APS/苯胺的摩尔比在0.8 ~ 1.25 mol/mol之间进行化学氧化聚合（COP），以最大限度地提高电导率，提高光催化和吸附废水处理的性能。该审查还强调了关键的知识差距，特别是在下游加工方面，并为未来可扩展和可持续的聚苯胺生产研究提供了指导。
{"title":"Synthesis Procedures and Their Implications on PANI Activity from a Wastewater Treatment Perspective","authors":"Maria João Silva, Teresa Chichorro, Patrícia Alves, Rui C. Martins, João Gomes, Paula Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2025.2580651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2025.2580651","url":null,"abstract":"Polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a promising material for wastewater treatment due to its high conductivity, chemical stability, and redox properties. However, its physicochemical characteristics are susceptible to the chosen synthesis method and operating conditions. Despite the growing number of studies exploring PANI for environmental applications, a well-defined and systematic basis for selecting optimal synthesis methods and conditions is still missing. This review critically analyzes the advantages and limitations of various PANI synthesis procedures, including chemical oxidative, electrochemical, enzymatic, and alternative polymerization methods, with a particular focus on how synthesis conditions (e.g., dopant type/concentration, oxidant, temperature) affect the conductivity, morphology, and surface area of the resulting polymer. Based on current evidence, chemical oxidative polymerization (COP) using 1 M HCl and ammonium persulfate (APS) at 0–5 °C and an APS/aniline molar ratio between 0.8 and 1.25 mol/mol is recommended to maximize conductivity and enhance performance for photocatalytic and adsorptive wastewater treatment. The review also highlights key knowledge gaps, particularly in downstream processing, and offers guidance for future research on scalable and sustainable PANI production.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2025.2561599
Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi, Seyed Morteza Naghib, Ghazal Kadkhodaie Kashani, M. R. Mozafari
{"title":"Exosomal Micro/Nanoparticles-Based Biological Polymersomes for Gene Delivery in Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Progresses on Promising Approaches","authors":"Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi, Seyed Morteza Naghib, Ghazal Kadkhodaie Kashani, M. R. Mozafari","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2025.2561599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2025.2561599","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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