Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1855194
M. Bednarek, K. Borská, P. Kubisa
Abstract The ongoing interest of researchers in bioderived polylactide (PLA) is due to the current tendency to replace petroleum-based plastics with polymers from renewable resources. Polylactide fits this trend because of its mechanical properties resembling those of some petroleum-based polymers commonly applied in daily life and because of its degradability. Added value is the excellent biocompatibility of PLA thanks to which it has found an application in biomedicine. This great interest in polylactide is reflected in the literature. Crosslinking of polylactide was also studied by many authors as an easy method of the improvement and the modification of its properties (thermal, mechanical, rheological, degradability) according to requirements of existing or possible applications. In the present review, the examples of polylactide and its copolymers crosslinking by chemical approaches described in the literature are presented. Thus, chemical methods including peroxide-induced radical crosslinking and crosslinking by coupling of functional PLA prepolymers via condensation/addition reactions are discussed. The results of PLA modification and examples of new, interesting materials obtained via different crosslinking methods are shown.
{"title":"New Polylactide-Based Materials by Chemical Crosslinking of PLA","authors":"M. Bednarek, K. Borská, P. Kubisa","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1855194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1855194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ongoing interest of researchers in bioderived polylactide (PLA) is due to the current tendency to replace petroleum-based plastics with polymers from renewable resources. Polylactide fits this trend because of its mechanical properties resembling those of some petroleum-based polymers commonly applied in daily life and because of its degradability. Added value is the excellent biocompatibility of PLA thanks to which it has found an application in biomedicine. This great interest in polylactide is reflected in the literature. Crosslinking of polylactide was also studied by many authors as an easy method of the improvement and the modification of its properties (thermal, mechanical, rheological, degradability) according to requirements of existing or possible applications. In the present review, the examples of polylactide and its copolymers crosslinking by chemical approaches described in the literature are presented. Thus, chemical methods including peroxide-induced radical crosslinking and crosslinking by coupling of functional PLA prepolymers via condensation/addition reactions are discussed. The results of PLA modification and examples of new, interesting materials obtained via different crosslinking methods are shown.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"493 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88407967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1855196
Varun Venoor, J. Park, D. Kazmer, M. Sobkowicz
Abstract Polyamides (PAs) are repeatedly exposed to environments of varying humidity throughout their service life. Due to their hygroscopic nature, moisture diffusion can alter the polymer properties, sometimes irreversibly. It has been previously found that the effect of transport of water on the structure, morphology, and physical properties of polymers is not negligibly small. In certain semi-crystalline polyamides, the diffusion coefficient has been shown to be governed by the local chain dynamics (β relaxation). The final molecular weight of PAs achieved after melt processing is a result of the equilibrium between the forward and reverse polycondensation depending on the water concentration. With the growing demand for unreinforced and reinforced polyamides as well as polyamide fibers in high-performance applications, it is critical to understand the physics of the interaction between water molecules and polymer or composite systems. This article reviews the existing literature about polyamide-water interactions with a focus on the governing physical laws of moisture transport within the polyamide matrix, drying kinetics, and dynamics of water in the polymer system. The implications of moisture on the processing and properties of the polyamides class of materials are also discussed, suggesting the need for best practices in instrumentation and control.
{"title":"Understanding the Effect of Water in Polyamides: A Review","authors":"Varun Venoor, J. Park, D. Kazmer, M. Sobkowicz","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1855196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1855196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polyamides (PAs) are repeatedly exposed to environments of varying humidity throughout their service life. Due to their hygroscopic nature, moisture diffusion can alter the polymer properties, sometimes irreversibly. It has been previously found that the effect of transport of water on the structure, morphology, and physical properties of polymers is not negligibly small. In certain semi-crystalline polyamides, the diffusion coefficient has been shown to be governed by the local chain dynamics (β relaxation). The final molecular weight of PAs achieved after melt processing is a result of the equilibrium between the forward and reverse polycondensation depending on the water concentration. With the growing demand for unreinforced and reinforced polyamides as well as polyamide fibers in high-performance applications, it is critical to understand the physics of the interaction between water molecules and polymer or composite systems. This article reviews the existing literature about polyamide-water interactions with a focus on the governing physical laws of moisture transport within the polyamide matrix, drying kinetics, and dynamics of water in the polymer system. The implications of moisture on the processing and properties of the polyamides class of materials are also discussed, suggesting the need for best practices in instrumentation and control.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"331 1","pages":"598 - 645"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80512355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1855195
Si Lv, Liang Li, Youbing Mu, X. Wan
Abstract During the past ten years, the performance of polymeric field-effect transistors has been largely improved, not only in mobility but also in durability. Among the factors contributed to such improvements, side-chain engineering plays an important role. Various techniques, such as branch point adjustment, hydrogen-bonding introduction and the incorporation of other functional groups in the side-chain were developed, which greatly altered the crystallinity, alignment and morphology of the conjugated polymers hence their charge transport behavior. In this review, the side-chain engineering strategies that have been employed in polymeric field-effect transistors are summarized and discussed in detail, which we hope could provide an insight into further development in this area.
{"title":"Side-chain engineering as a powerful tool to tune the properties of polymeric field-effect transistors","authors":"Si Lv, Liang Li, Youbing Mu, X. Wan","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1855195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1855195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the past ten years, the performance of polymeric field-effect transistors has been largely improved, not only in mobility but also in durability. Among the factors contributed to such improvements, side-chain engineering plays an important role. Various techniques, such as branch point adjustment, hydrogen-bonding introduction and the incorporation of other functional groups in the side-chain were developed, which greatly altered the crystallinity, alignment and morphology of the conjugated polymers hence their charge transport behavior. In this review, the side-chain engineering strategies that have been employed in polymeric field-effect transistors are summarized and discussed in detail, which we hope could provide an insight into further development in this area.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"520 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90297901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1850475
M. D. Di Lorenzo
Abstract Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are biodegradable, compostable, and biocompatible polymers that can be produced from annually renewable resources. These properties made them popular in environmentally friendly applications, and their industrial usage and production have grown in the latest years. However, both polymers have a few drawbacks that have limited so far their use: PLLA is hard and brittle with a slow crystallization rate, whereas PBS is ductile, has fast crystallization kinetics, but low modulus. The complementarity of their properties makes their blending a unique opportunity to exploit the favorable properties of the two polymers, which raised considerable research efforts in recent years on blends made of PLLA and PBS. Unfortunately, literature data on PLLA/PBS blends often report contradictory results on miscibility of the two polymers, as well as on the influence of composition on material properties: this creates confusion, complicating their exploitation. As an effort to elucidate miscibility and properties of the blends as function of composition, a critical analysis of the available research results on blends made of PLLA and PBS is provided in this review. The aim is to highlight the potentiality of PLLA/PBS blends, whose properties can be tailored by fine-tuning the composition.
{"title":"Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biobased Biodegradable Blends","authors":"M. D. Di Lorenzo","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1850475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1850475","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are biodegradable, compostable, and biocompatible polymers that can be produced from annually renewable resources. These properties made them popular in environmentally friendly applications, and their industrial usage and production have grown in the latest years. However, both polymers have a few drawbacks that have limited so far their use: PLLA is hard and brittle with a slow crystallization rate, whereas PBS is ductile, has fast crystallization kinetics, but low modulus. The complementarity of their properties makes their blending a unique opportunity to exploit the favorable properties of the two polymers, which raised considerable research efforts in recent years on blends made of PLLA and PBS. Unfortunately, literature data on PLLA/PBS blends often report contradictory results on miscibility of the two polymers, as well as on the influence of composition on material properties: this creates confusion, complicating their exploitation. As an effort to elucidate miscibility and properties of the blends as function of composition, a critical analysis of the available research results on blends made of PLLA and PBS is provided in this review. The aim is to highlight the potentiality of PLLA/PBS blends, whose properties can be tailored by fine-tuning the composition.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":"457 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90616243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1825487
Luyao Sun, Xu Gao, Decheng Wu, Qiongyu Guo
Abstract The synergistic effects of the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy have implicated the critical role of hyperthermia temperatures in clinical practice. Temperature sensitive polymers, which are capable of exhibiting controllable shapes under various temperature actuations, have attracted considerable interests for designing intelligent medical devices. While shape memory performances have been demonstrated with a wide range of temperatures, here we focus our discussion on shape memory polymers with physiologically relevant application temperatures and proper shape recovery speed. This review presents an overview of body-friendly thermo-responsive shape memory polymers, including commonly used biopolymers, various actuation methods, and their potential biomedical applications.
{"title":"Advances in Physiologically Relevant Actuation of Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Luyao Sun, Xu Gao, Decheng Wu, Qiongyu Guo","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1825487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1825487","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The synergistic effects of the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy have implicated the critical role of hyperthermia temperatures in clinical practice. Temperature sensitive polymers, which are capable of exhibiting controllable shapes under various temperature actuations, have attracted considerable interests for designing intelligent medical devices. While shape memory performances have been demonstrated with a wide range of temperatures, here we focus our discussion on shape memory polymers with physiologically relevant application temperatures and proper shape recovery speed. This review presents an overview of body-friendly thermo-responsive shape memory polymers, including commonly used biopolymers, various actuation methods, and their potential biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"7 9 1","pages":"280 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80437852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1821059
H. Ye, Caili Zhang, Chaowei Huo, Bingyu Zhao, Yuanhao Zhou, Yichen Wu, Sheng-peng Shi
Abstract Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a new type of polymer material with unique microporous structure and have been widely applied in gas separation. In recent years, PIMs have also experienced rapid growth in liquid separation and purification; however, so far, no review is reported on the application of PIMs in this field. This paper reports a comprehensive and critical review on the recent research progress of PIMs in the application of liquid separation and purification including membrane separation and adsorption. First, the structural characteristics and synthesis methods of PIMs are briefly described. Subsequently, their applications in membrane separation are described in detail, including pervaporation (removal of organics from water, dehydration of solvents, and separation of organic mixtures), nanofiltration (dye rejection), and adsorption (dyes, organic contaminants, metal ions, oil/water separation, and enantiomeric separation). The effect of material structure and modification on the separation performance is emphasized, and possible new research directions are mentioned. Finally, the application of PIMs in liquid separation and purification is prospected. In conclusion, PIMs exhibit excellent separation efficiency and stable operation characteristics in liquid separation and purification, and they have attractive and broad development prospects. More valuable applications remain to be developed.
{"title":"Advances in the Application of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity in Liquid Separation and Purification: Membrane Separation and Adsorption Separation","authors":"H. Ye, Caili Zhang, Chaowei Huo, Bingyu Zhao, Yuanhao Zhou, Yichen Wu, Sheng-peng Shi","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1821059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1821059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a new type of polymer material with unique microporous structure and have been widely applied in gas separation. In recent years, PIMs have also experienced rapid growth in liquid separation and purification; however, so far, no review is reported on the application of PIMs in this field. This paper reports a comprehensive and critical review on the recent research progress of PIMs in the application of liquid separation and purification including membrane separation and adsorption. First, the structural characteristics and synthesis methods of PIMs are briefly described. Subsequently, their applications in membrane separation are described in detail, including pervaporation (removal of organics from water, dehydration of solvents, and separation of organic mixtures), nanofiltration (dye rejection), and adsorption (dyes, organic contaminants, metal ions, oil/water separation, and enantiomeric separation). The effect of material structure and modification on the separation performance is emphasized, and possible new research directions are mentioned. Finally, the application of PIMs in liquid separation and purification is prospected. In conclusion, PIMs exhibit excellent separation efficiency and stable operation characteristics in liquid separation and purification, and they have attractive and broad development prospects. More valuable applications remain to be developed.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"239 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77736664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1801727
Ye Sha, H. Jia, Zhihua Shen, Zhenyang Luo
Abstract Main-chain metallopolymers are synthesized by olefin metathesis polymerizations. These polymers are mainly produced through acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The special metal moieties, metal-binding motifs, and unsaturated macromolecular backbone endow the metallopolymers with unique properties. This review highlights recent advances in studies on the family of main-chain metallopolymers carrying both main-group and transition metals by olefin metathesis polymerizations. We emphasize the synthesis, physiochemical properties, and applications of these polymers. Synthetic strategies are discussed from a perspective of the structure-activity relationship between monomers and polymerization efficiency. The correlations between macromolecular compositions/sequences and emerging properties are highlighted in terms of stimuli-responsiveness, conductivity, and crystalline characteristics. Lastly, we describe the current status of the field and highlight gray areas for future research.
{"title":"Synthetic strategies, properties, and applications of unsaturated main-chain metallopolymers prepared by olefin metathesis polymerization","authors":"Ye Sha, H. Jia, Zhihua Shen, Zhenyang Luo","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1801727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1801727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Main-chain metallopolymers are synthesized by olefin metathesis polymerizations. These polymers are mainly produced through acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The special metal moieties, metal-binding motifs, and unsaturated macromolecular backbone endow the metallopolymers with unique properties. This review highlights recent advances in studies on the family of main-chain metallopolymers carrying both main-group and transition metals by olefin metathesis polymerizations. We emphasize the synthesis, physiochemical properties, and applications of these polymers. Synthetic strategies are discussed from a perspective of the structure-activity relationship between monomers and polymerization efficiency. The correlations between macromolecular compositions/sequences and emerging properties are highlighted in terms of stimuli-responsiveness, conductivity, and crystalline characteristics. Lastly, we describe the current status of the field and highlight gray areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"415 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78134882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1801726
I. Kabir, C. Sorrell, Sajjad S. Mofarah, Wei Yang, A. Yuen, M. Nazir, G. Yeoh
Abstract Increasing demands in minimization of fire risks and meeting fire safety requirements by polymers require advances in knowledge of flame-retardant materials suitable for use in fire-retardancy applications. The present work represents the seminal review of alginate/polymer-based materials as flame retardants. Alginates are suitable for this application as they represent alternatives to petroleum-based polymer feedstocks. The content of the present work is structured into four sections: synthesis and structure, including alginate synthesis and modification by polymeric conjugation; properties, including four-stage mechanism of thermal degradation; applications, including commercial information on alginates and polymers; and flame retardancy, including comprehensive summaries of test methods and published data, discussion of key parameters, eight fire retardancy mechanisms, four char generation mechanisms, and extensive quantitative analysis of polymer char formation. The final section culminates in a first-principles approach to the prediction of quantitative polymer char formation. The goal of the review is to provide guidance for the application of alginates and alginates conjugated with fire-retardant polymers as a new generation flame retardant material.
{"title":"Alginate/Polymer-Based Materials for Fire Retardancy: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications","authors":"I. Kabir, C. Sorrell, Sajjad S. Mofarah, Wei Yang, A. Yuen, M. Nazir, G. Yeoh","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2020.1801726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.1801726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing demands in minimization of fire risks and meeting fire safety requirements by polymers require advances in knowledge of flame-retardant materials suitable for use in fire-retardancy applications. The present work represents the seminal review of alginate/polymer-based materials as flame retardants. Alginates are suitable for this application as they represent alternatives to petroleum-based polymer feedstocks. The content of the present work is structured into four sections: synthesis and structure, including alginate synthesis and modification by polymeric conjugation; properties, including four-stage mechanism of thermal degradation; applications, including commercial information on alginates and polymers; and flame retardancy, including comprehensive summaries of test methods and published data, discussion of key parameters, eight fire retardancy mechanisms, four char generation mechanisms, and extensive quantitative analysis of polymer char formation. The final section culminates in a first-principles approach to the prediction of quantitative polymer char formation. The goal of the review is to provide guidance for the application of alginates and alginates conjugated with fire-retardant polymers as a new generation flame retardant material.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"357 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76126353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1677709
Deepak G. Prajapati, B. Kandasubramanian
Abstract Phase Changing Materials (PCM) portrays proficiency to liberate perceptible amount of latent heat on the course of phase transformation between liquid-solid or solid-liquid, thereby creating momentary warmth or cooling effect. PCM has been utilized in garments for introducing thermoregulating effect to diminish thermal discomfort of clothing. Assimilation of thermal energy by PCM causes delay in upsurge of microclimate temperature and results in substantial diminution of moisture release from skin thereby leading to inhibition of heat stress conditions and enhancement of thermo-physiological wearing comfort. Simultaneously, the insulating characteristic of such garment can also avert wearer from certain pivotal corollaries like hypothermia or heat syncope, keeping the individual in consolation owing to their automatic acclimatizing attribute in accordance with body and ecological temperature. As the assimilation of PCM into various textile materials have been extensively studied by researchers, an attempt has been made to explicate the recent existing literatures that have successfully integrated and implemented PCM in textile, concentrating on characteristics of PCMs integrated into fibers, and fabrics for potential industrial applications. Finally, various methodologies like coating, spinning & lamination being utilized for applying PCMs onto textiles for developing thermoregulated clothing have been discussed & concludes with challenges & future prospects. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A Review on Polymeric-Based Phase Change Material for Thermo-Regulating Fabric Application","authors":"Deepak G. Prajapati, B. Kandasubramanian","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2019.1677709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2019.1677709","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phase Changing Materials (PCM) portrays proficiency to liberate perceptible amount of latent heat on the course of phase transformation between liquid-solid or solid-liquid, thereby creating momentary warmth or cooling effect. PCM has been utilized in garments for introducing thermoregulating effect to diminish thermal discomfort of clothing. Assimilation of thermal energy by PCM causes delay in upsurge of microclimate temperature and results in substantial diminution of moisture release from skin thereby leading to inhibition of heat stress conditions and enhancement of thermo-physiological wearing comfort. Simultaneously, the insulating characteristic of such garment can also avert wearer from certain pivotal corollaries like hypothermia or heat syncope, keeping the individual in consolation owing to their automatic acclimatizing attribute in accordance with body and ecological temperature. As the assimilation of PCM into various textile materials have been extensively studied by researchers, an attempt has been made to explicate the recent existing literatures that have successfully integrated and implemented PCM in textile, concentrating on characteristics of PCMs integrated into fibers, and fabrics for potential industrial applications. Finally, various methodologies like coating, spinning & lamination being utilized for applying PCMs onto textiles for developing thermoregulated clothing have been discussed & concludes with challenges & future prospects. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"104 1","pages":"389 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88943203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1676775
Kambiz Sadeghi, Jeong‐Yeol Yoon, Jongchul Seo
Abstract This review paper provides an overview of chromogenic polymers and their classifications, mechanisms, chemistry, synthesis procedures, and potential applications with a focus on packaging. Commonly and academically accepted classifications derived from chemical engineering, material science, and packaging science are used. Furthermore, recent progress and outputs aligned with chromogenic polymers for overcoming the common challenges are discussed. Finally, future prospects, market trends and academic investigations are described, including challenges related to chromogenic polymers.
{"title":"Chromogenic Polymers and Their Packaging Applications: A Review","authors":"Kambiz Sadeghi, Jeong‐Yeol Yoon, Jongchul Seo","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2019.1676775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2019.1676775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review paper provides an overview of chromogenic polymers and their classifications, mechanisms, chemistry, synthesis procedures, and potential applications with a focus on packaging. Commonly and academically accepted classifications derived from chemical engineering, material science, and packaging science are used. Furthermore, recent progress and outputs aligned with chromogenic polymers for overcoming the common challenges are discussed. Finally, future prospects, market trends and academic investigations are described, including challenges related to chromogenic polymers.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"442 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83801033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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