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Jinrin and Sittlichkeit: A comparison between two theories of community Jinrin与Sittlichkeit:两种社区理论的比较
Pub Date : 2019-03-28 DOI: 10.15027/47414
Tomoki Hazama
The Japanese representative philosopher Tetsurō Watsuji’s ethical theory has been influenced by Hegel, as many interpreters of Watsuji’s work have pointed out. It is sure that there are many resemblances between Watsuji’s ethical theory and that of Hegel. However, the foundational concepts of Watsuji’s ethical theory, namely, “aidagara (social relation)” and the dialectic of “kū (emptiness),” can be found in his work before his intensive study of Hegel. In this article, I aim to elucidate the key differences in terms of the foundational thoughts between Watsuji’s theory of “aidagara” and Hegel’s theory of “Sittlichkeit (ethical life).” I will argue that the inter-relation of subjects as “aidagara” for Watsuji is a “given” in the sense that it already and always exists, and that, in contrast to this, the inter-relation of subjects as “recognition” for Hegel needs to be achieved or restored.
日本代表哲学家哲郎渡次的伦理理论受到黑格尔的影响,这一点在许多对渡次作品的解读者中都有提及。Watsuji的伦理理论与黑格尔的伦理理论有许多相似之处。然而,在深入研究黑格尔之前,Watsuji的伦理学理论的基本概念,即“社会关系”和“空”的辩证法,可以在他的作品中找到。在本文中,我旨在阐明Watsuji的“aidagara”理论与黑格尔的“Sittlichkeit”(伦理生活)理论在基本思想上的关键差异。我将论证,主体之间的相互关系,对于Watsuji来说是“aidagara”,是一种“给定的”,因为它已经并且一直存在,与此相反,对于黑格尔来说,主体之间的相互关系,作为“承认”,需要被实现或恢复。
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引用次数: 0
BIOÉTICA DE LA LIBERACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DEL DISCURSO 解放的生命伦理学与话语分析
Pub Date : 2018-03-22 DOI: 10.15359/PRAXIS.74.2
Luis Guillermo Barrantes Montero
espanolEl presente trabajo consiste en una refexion con respecto a la etica en la practica medica y en la relacion del personal de la salud con el paciente y sus allegados. En especial mediante el analisis critico del discurso, se examina el papel del lenguaje en la conformacion de estructuras de poder desigual en esa relacion. Con base en un relato fcticio realizado a partir de un parte medico real, y desde la perspectiva de la etica de la liberacion propuesta por Enrique Dussel, con el apoyo de otros criticos de la modernidad, se busca plantear atisbos para la creacion de una bioetica de la liberacion, en vista de que el componente deontologico debe permear todas las disciplinas. EnglishThis paper consists of a refection about ethics in medical practice as well as in the relationships between sanitary personnel and their patients and/or relatives. Especially, the role of language in conforming structures of power in those relationships are examined. Critical discourse Analysis is at the basis of the refection. Using a fction story, created from a real medical report, and following the perspective of Ethics of Liberation, proposed by Enrique Dussel and with the support of other critics of Modernity, frst steps on the creation of a bio-ethics of liberation are offered.
这篇论文是对医疗实践中的伦理以及卫生工作者与病人及其亲属的关系的反思。本文从话语分析的角度探讨了语言在社会关系中不平等权力结构形成中的作用。根据讲述fcticio进行从医生真实的一部分,从一开始的角度拟议liberacion恩里克Dussel支持下,现代化,旨在提出其他criticos atisbos为创作一个bioetica liberacion,鉴于deontologico必须穿透所有学科的组成部分。本文对医疗实践中的伦理以及卫生工作者与其病人和/或亲属之间的关系进行了反思。特别是,本文考察了语言在这些关系中形成权力结构方面的作用。Critical discourse Analysis is at the根据of the refection。根据一份真实的医学报告所创造的功能故事,并遵循恩里克·杜塞尔提出的解放伦理观点,并在对现代性的其他批评的支持下,提出了创造解放生物伦理的三个步骤。
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引用次数: 1
Voluntades anticipadas :derecho a decidir 预先意愿:决定权
Pub Date : 2018-03-22 DOI: 10.15359/PRAXIS.74.5
Randall Jiménez Retana
espanolNuestro problema de investigacion nace de la preocupacion por la carencia de un instrumento de voluntades anticipadas en el sistema de salud y legislacion costarricense. Dicha laguna coloca a las personas, hombres y mujeres, en una situacion de vulnerabilidad, al no poder autodeterminarse ante procesos de enfermedad y accidentes incapacitantes. Lo anterior compromete el consentimiento informado y las aspiraciones de dichos sujetos en relacion con el proceso del fnal de la vida. EnglishOur investigation purpose stems from the problematic lack of any instrument for a living will in the Costa Rican law and health system. This lack of documentation puts people (men and women) in a vulnerable situation of being unable to self-determine their own lives when faced with a debilitating illness or accident. This inability to self-determine one’s own life in these situations compromises the informed consent honouring and the wishes of these people in the fnal processes of life.
我们的研究问题源于对哥斯达黎加卫生系统和立法中缺乏预先意愿工具的担忧。这一差距使人们,无论男女,处于脆弱的境地,无法在疾病过程和致残事故面前作出自我决定。然而,在这一过程中,我们必须认识到,在这一过程中,个人和群体之间的关系可能会发生变化。英语调查目的:哥斯达黎加法律和卫生系统中存在的生存权缺乏任何工具的问题。由于缺乏文件,人们(男人和女人)在面对使人衰弱的疾病或事故时,无法自行决定自己的生活。在这种情况下无法自行决定自己的生活,损害了这些人在最终生活过程中的知情同意荣誉和愿望。
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引用次数: 1
RECUPERAR EL DOLOR POR LA VÍA PLATÓNICA 用柏拉图式的方法恢复痛苦
Pub Date : 2018-03-22 DOI: 10.15359/praxis.74.3
L. F. López
espanolEste trabajo se dedica a representar los conceptos y las distintas formas de manejo del problema del dolor en Platon. Se tratan pasajes fundamentales de Protagoras, Fedon, Filebo, Timeo y Leyes. Atender al dolor terapeuticamente pareciera lo primario en los textos, ya que se constituye como un mal que debe ser resuelto, pero, ademas, como un fenomeno inevitable en la vida que puede llevarla a su propia destruccion. No obstante, la alterna tiva de extirpar tal afeccion no parece posible en la mayoria de los casos, incluso aunque tengamos un arsenal de herramientas racionales para contenerla; mas bien, la estrategia seria recuperar nuestra capacidad para medir emociones, aquilatar su presencia y, como cuando nos rascamos, tratar de convertirlo en un factor a nuestro favor. Frente a nuestra contemporanea tendencia a extirpar todo dolor de nuestra vida, Platon, sobre todo el de las ultimas obras, nos lleva a pensar, curiosamente, en la posibilidad de recuperarlo para que nos permita construir un camino mas seguro hacia un bienestar integral en nuestra vida. EnglishThis paper is dedicated to represent the concepts and the various forms, in which the problem of pain is dealt with in Plato’s work. Fundamental passages of Protagoras, Phaedo, Philebus, Timaeus and Laws are discussed. Attending to pain therapeutically seems to be the primary issue in these texts, as it is constituted as an evil that has to be resolved and, additionally, as an inevitable phenomenon of life that can also take it to its own destruction. However, the alternative of extracting the affiction does not seem to be possible in most cases, even if we have an arsenal of rational tools to contain it; rather, the strategy would be to regain our capacity to measure emotions, examine their presence and, in the same way we do when we scratch, turning them into a factor in our favor. Facing our contemporary tendency to extract every pain from our life, Plato, especially in his last works, leads us, curiously enough, to think about the possibility of regaining it, so it will allow us to build a safer path towards an integral wellbeing in our life.
这项工作致力于代表柏拉图的疼痛问题的概念和处理的不同形式。它涉及普罗泰戈拉斯、斐多、菲力比乌斯、提米乌斯和律法的基本段落。在文本中,治疗疼痛似乎是最重要的,因为它构成了一种必须解决的邪恶,但同时,作为生活中不可避免的现象,可以导致它自己的毁灭。然而,在大多数情况下,消除这种疾病的替代方案似乎是不可能的,即使我们有一系列合理的工具来控制它;相反,策略是恢复我们衡量情绪的能力,评估情绪的存在,就像我们抓痒一样,试图把它变成对我们有利的因素。面对我们当代消除生活中所有痛苦的趋势,柏拉图,尤其是他的最新作品,让我们思考,奇怪的是,恢复它的可能性,让我们建立一条更安全的道路,在我们的生活中实现整体幸福。EnglishThis paper is dedicated to蒯庆华概念和解决forms in which the problem of pain is dealt with in ' s work菜肴。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的面积为。在这些文本中,疼痛治疗似乎是主要问题,因为它被构成为一种需要解决的邪恶,而且,作为一种不可避免的生命现象,也可能导致它本身的毁灭。然而,在大多数情况下,提取海报的替代办法似乎是不可能的,即使我们有一系列合理的工具来遏制它;相反,策略应该是恢复我们衡量情绪的能力,检查它们的存在,并以同样的方式,当我们看到它们时,把它们变成对我们有利的因素。面对我们当代的倾向,从我们的生活中提取每一个痛苦,柏拉图,特别是在他的最后的作品中,引导我们,奇怪的是,思考重新获得它的可能性,这样它将使我们在我们的生活中建立一个更安全的整体幸福的道路。
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引用次数: 0
UNA APROXIMACIÓN BIOÉTICA Y DE DERECHOS HUMANOS A LA INTERSEXUALIDAD EN COSTA RICA 哥斯达黎加阴阳人的生命伦理和人权方法
Pub Date : 2018-03-22 DOI: 10.15359/praxis.74.4
J. Acuña
espanolEl problema medular, abordado en este articulo, surge de la preocupacion por la inexistencia de informacion y de protocolos de atencion para las personas intersexuales, especialmente para menores de edad o recien nacidos, por su invisibilizacion social, los estigmas que pesan sobre ellos y la medicalizacion o patologizacion de los individuos intersexuales, producien dose de ese modo su cosifcacion y deshumanizacion. EnglishThe main problem addressed in this article starts in the concern about the lack of information and care protocols for intersex people, especially minors or newborns, their social invisibility, the stigma hanging over them and the medicalization and pathologization of intersex individuals, thereby producing its objectifcation and dehumanization.
espanolEl问题核心,在这篇出现的,专注于缺少信息和注意双者议定书,尤其是对于未成年或刚出生的invisibilizacion面临的社会污名和medicalizacion或个人patologizacion双,producien剂量从而cosifcacion deshumanizacion。EnglishThe主要problem in this条的starts in the concern about the缺乏of information and care protocols for intersex people,尤其是未成年or newborns、他们的社会invisibility病毒hanging over them and the medicalization and pathologization of intersex objectifcation和dehumanization的个人,简单易行。
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引用次数: 0
“EVIDENCIA” Y BIOMEDICINA “证据”和生物医学
Pub Date : 2018-03-22 DOI: 10.15359/PRAXIS.74.1
Ana Rodríguez Allen
espanolEste articulo muestra que la justifcacion del enfoque medico dominante, de que su actividad es cientifca porque parte de la evidencia de las pruebas, en muchos casos observacionales, es un acto de fe, que resulta completamente anacronico en comparacion con los debates cientifcos contemporaneos. EnglishThis article demonstrates that the justifcation of the dominant medical focus, stating its activities are scientifc because they require the evidence of proof, that is in many cases observational, is an act of faith that is ultimately completely anachronistic in comparison to the contemporary scientifc debates.
这篇文章表明,主流医学方法的正当性,即他们的活动是科学的,因为部分证据的证据,在许多观察情况下,是一种信仰行为,与当代的科学辩论相比,这是完全过时的。这篇文章表明,对占主导地位的医学重点及其活动的正当性是科学的,因为它们需要证据的证据,这在许多观察性案例中是一种信仰行为,与当代科学辩论相比,这种信仰行为最终是完全不合时宜的。
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引用次数: 1
CME-ORL 26
Pub Date : 2018-01-17 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/A002895
Laura Benecke, Laurent Muller, Claudio Storck
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引用次数: 0
Explicaciones sobre la realidad geográfica del mundo globalizado 解释全球化世界的地理现实
Pub Date : 2017-11-15 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2366
J. Santiago-Rivera
espanolEn el presente articulo se analizan otras explicaciones que se han dado sobre la situacion geografica del actual momento historico. Se asume que en el acto de ensenar geografia se ha enfatizado lo descriptivo sin procurar la comprension critica de la complejidad contemporanea. Asi, para abordar esta problematica se determino, metodologicamente, interrogar a diez (10) personas que se encontraran cursando estudios en docencia en geografia, para diagnosticar sus percepciones sobre esta situacion. Las respuestas revelaron sus inquietudes sobre el complicado acento aldeano globalizado, la debilidad de la educacion para entender la situacion geografica, y la necesidad de promover la explicacion critica como opcion para educar en valores a los ciudadanos. Finalmente, en la conclusion se senala que la ensenanza de la geografia debe ser coherente con la epoca y que se debe educar en valores de compromiso y responsabilidad social ante un momento historico complicado y dificil para la sociedad contemporanea. EnglishThis article reflects on the characteristics of the geographical situation of the current historical moment. It is assumed that geography teaching has overemphazed the descriptive tools over the problematizing ones that could lead to critically understanding the contemporary complexity. Methodologically, this assumption was determined by questioning ten (10) people studying geography teaching, to diagnose their perceptions on the issue. Their responses revealed their concerns about the complex globalized village accent; the weakness of education to understand the geographical situation and the need to promote critical explanation as an option to educate citizens on values. It is maintained that geographical education must be coherent with the times and must educate on values such as commitment and social responsibility in view of the difficult historical moment for contemporary society.
在这篇文章中,我们分析了关于当前历史时刻的地理情况的其他解释。在地理教学中,人们认为描述性的强调,而没有寻求对当代复杂性的批判性理解。因此,为了解决这个问题,我们决定在方法论上采访十(10)名正在学习地理教学的人,以诊断他们对这种情况的看法。这些回答揭示了他们对复杂的全球化乡村口音、教育在理解地理情况方面的弱点以及促进批判性解释作为公民价值观教育选择的必要性的担忧。最后,结论指出,地理教学必须与时代相一致,必须在当代社会复杂和困难的历史时刻进行承诺和社会责任的价值观教育。这篇文章反映了当前历史时刻地理形势的特点。人们认为,地理教学过分强调了描述性工具,而不是能够批判性地理解当代复杂性的问题。在方法上,这一假设是通过询问十(10)名研究地理教学的人来确定的,以诊断他们对问题的看法。他们的答复显示了他们对复杂的全球化乡村口音的关注;了解地理情况的教育不足,需要促进关键解释,作为教育公民价值观的一种选择。人们认为,地理教育必须与时俱进,必须教育人们认识到当代社会面临的困难历史时刻的承诺和社会责任等价值观。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectivas que han direccionado la investigación y consolidación de la Educación en Ciencias como una disciplina científica 指导科学教育作为一门科学学科的研究和巩固的观点
Pub Date : 2017-11-15 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2365
Boris Fernando Candela-Rodríguez
espanolA lo largo de la historia del campo de la educacion en ciencias los investigadores han focalizado sus intereses de indagacion, en dar respuesta a las diferentes problematicas relacionadas con el aprendizaje y la ensenanza del curriculo de las ciencias. Para ello, disenaron y desarrollaron investigaciones, las cuales han estado informadas e iluminadas por los marcos teoricos provenientes de la psicologia cognitiva y sociocultural. La anterior situacion produjo en este campo las tradiciones de investigacion del cambio conceptual y perspectiva sociocultural. Estas han delineado los problemas, los marcos teoricos y las metodologias de investigacion que ayudaron a los investigadores a desarrollar y consolidar el campo de la educacion en ciencias como una disciplina cientifica. Por tanto, este documento tuvo como proposito central la descripcion de manera sucinta de las trayectorias epistemicas recorridas por los miembros de esta comunidad de practica, con el fin de que pueda ser utilizada por los investigadores noveles en su proceso de contextualizacion. EnglishThroughout the history of the field of science education researchers have focused their interests of inquiry, in responding to the different problems related to learning and teaching the science curriculum. For this, they designed and developed research, which has been informed and illuminated by the theoretical frameworks from cognitive and sociocultural psychology. This situation produced in this field the research traditions of conceptual change and sociocultural perspective. These have delineated the problems, the theoretical frameworks and the research methodologies that helped researchers to develop and consolidate the field of science education as a scientific discipline. Therefore, this document had as its central purpose the description succinctly of the epistemic trajectories covered by the members of this community of practice, so that it can be used by new researchers in their process of contextualization.
在科学教育领域的历史上,研究人员的研究兴趣集中在回答与科学课程的学习和教学有关的不同问题上。为此,他们设计和发展了研究,这些研究得到了认知和社会文化心理学的理论框架的启发和启发。在过去的几十年里,这一领域发生了巨大的变化。这些文件概述了问题、理论框架和研究方法,帮助研究人员发展和巩固科学教育领域作为一门科学学科。因此,本文的主要目的是简要描述这一实践社区成员所遵循的认识论轨迹,以便为新研究人员在语境化过程中使用。在整个科学教育领域的历史中,研究人员的兴趣集中在探究上,以回应与学习和教授科学课程有关的不同问题。在这方面,他们设计和发展了研究,这些研究得到了认知和社会文化心理学理论框架的启发和启发。这种情况在这一领域产生了概念变化和社会文化视角的研究传统。这些研究概述了问题、理论框架和研究方法,帮助研究人员发展和巩固科学教育领域作为一门科学学科。因此,本文件的主要目的是简要描述这一实践团体成员所涵盖的认知轨迹,以便新研究者在语境化过程中使用。
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引用次数: 0
El amor en la filosofía. Una perspectiva ético – estética 哲学中的爱。伦理-美学视角
Pub Date : 2017-11-15 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2360
Wilfrido Zúñiga-Rodríguez, Ómar Julián Álvarez-Tabares
El mundo implica y exige comprender, desde las dimensiones etica y estetica, la experiencia y la percepcion de la vida con base en los presupuestos de la filosofia: como posibilidad de habitar y hacer de la estadia en el mundo una obra de arte en perspectivas del amor. Se pretende que el amor se constituya como acontecimiento para el hombre y que este (el hombre) hoy vuelva a encontrar el espiritu conciliador de lo divino en todas las cosas, en los hechos y fenomenos que acontecen en la vida propia, para alcanzar en lo posible una respuesta a la pregunta “?Quien soy?”. Desde la filosofia se ha intentado responder a esta pregunta a partir de las categorias filosoficas y existenciales de “belleza”, “bondad” y “verdad”, con base en algunos criterios filosoficos y teologicos.
世界意味着并要求理解,从伦理和美学的维度,生活的经验和感知,基于哲学的假设:作为一种居住的可能性,并从爱的角度使在世界上的停留成为一件艺术品。要使性爱构成如男人,这个事件(男子)今天再次找到精神舒缓他的神圣在所有的事情,在事实和参加fenomenos自己的生活,尽可能实现一个回答”?我是谁?”在哲学中,人们试图根据一些哲学和神学标准,从“美”、“善”和“真”的哲学和存在范畴来回答这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Praxis Journal of Philosophy
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