Potato Research最新文献

A slight increase in air or soil temperature above the optimal range for potato cultivation can affect its performance in different regions of the world. To assess the potential impacts of future climatic conditions in southern Chile, a field experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023) to examine the effects of an increase in air (+ 3–4 °C) and soil (+ 2–3 °C) temperatures on biomass accumulation and growth dynamics of one modern potato genotype and three Chilean native potato genotypes. To increase the temperature during the entire crop cycle, passive heating systems (i.e. open-top chambers and polyethylene mulch) were employed in this study. Our results showed that the commercial genotype Asterix had a yield reduction across all warmer treatments due to increased air and/or soil temperature. In contrast, the Chilean native potatoes had a comparative advantage against high air temperatures but not against higher soil temperatures. As expected, tuber yield changes coincided with variations in architecture and growth dynamics, differing among the different potato genotypes. Warmer soils would strongly influence the partitioning of assimilates to tubers, resulting in lower yields at higher temperatures.

One of the major challenges for potato producers is to maximize its yield and quality by properly managing the nitrogen fertilization. An experiment was conducted under North-Western Indian conditions during two consecutive years with two potato varieties, i.e. Kufri Surya and Kufri Sadabahar under five nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha) in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replications. The results revealed that most of the growth parameters and NPK uptake by haulms were maximum at 300 kg/ha nitrogen level that was statistically at par with nitrogen level 225 kg/ha, while for yield parameters and NPK uptake by tubers, nitrogen level 225 kg/ha was the best with the highest value. It depicts that crop yield parameters are negatively affected by the nitrogen dose of above 225 kg/ha. So far the variety is concerned, Kufri Sadabahar was significantly better for all the noted growth and yield parameters as well as NPK uptake by tubers and haulms than the variety Kufri Surya. Regarding the soil fertility behaviour after harvest of the crop, higher left over nitrogen in soil was recorded for the highest applied nitrogen dose, whereas phosphorus and potassium left over in soil was recorded more where no nitrogen was applied (control plot), which was closely followed by 75 kg/ha nitrogen level. The results provide useful recommendations for the improvement of nitrogen fertilization rate for these two varieties in sub-tropical region of north western India in Haryana state.

Soil water stress has a significant impact on crop physiology, however, the specific response of starch quality formation in potato tubers remains unreported. Here, two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties, one with high, and the other with low tuber starch content, were grown in pots under three different soil water stress treatments, maintaining 75, 50 and 25% of soil field capacity, respectively. Soil water stress restricted potato plant growth and development, and severe stress reduced tuber yield by 47.8% relative to the control. It also inhibited tuber starch biosynthesis, which declined by 62.4% (AGPase activity) relative to the control. Furthermore, water stress reduced tuber starch accumulation by 23.6% (total starch content) relative to the control, and finally, it shortened the tuber starch gelatinization process by 1.44% (pasting temperature) compared to the control. These results reflect the soil water stress regulation mechanism on starch formation and potato tuber quality. Moreover, the study provides a scientific basis for breeding of varieties with high starch content, for improving starch quality and high-efficiency cultivation in dryland potato production.

Today, consumer demand for food safety, especially in fried foods, is increasing. In the first place, it is demanded to reduce the amount of food toxins, in particular toxins resulting from the thermal process such as acrylamide. This study aimed to examine the effect of different technological treatments on the optimisation of minimum acrylamide and maximum colour properties by applying the Taguchi approach in the production of chips. In this study, design of experiments, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, analysis of variance, and regression analysis methods were used to optimise the minimum acrylamide and redness (a^*), maximum brightness (L^*), and yellowness (b^*) values. The optimal parameters for acrylamide were found to be 90 °C slice washing temperature, 175 °C frying temperature, and 175 s frying time. The optimal parameters for colour analysis were determined as 30 °C slice washing temperature, 175 °C frying temperature, and 175 s frying time. Analysis of variance showed that frying temperature and time had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the results. It was determined that a decrease in frying temperature and time led to a decrease in the amount of acrylamide and redness and an increase in brightness and yellowness. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the most effective technological treatments were frying temperature with effect rates of 37.45% and 60.26% for acrylamide and L^* values, respectively, and frying time with effect rates of 40.50% and 44.19% for a^* and b^* values, respectively. As a result of the study, through the Taguchi method, while quality features in chips were preserved, the amount of acrylamide was reduced.

As a result of climate warming, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased. Potato planting and production activities in the single-cropping region in Northern China are affected by drought, which poses a threat to regional food security. Based on this, this paper took potatoes in the single-cropping region in Northern China as the research object and combined the Agricultural Production Systems Simulation (APSIM) model and mathematical statistics methods to complete the evaluation of the applicability of the APSIM model in the study area. The response of potato growth and yield to different drought scenarios was simulated and analysed in the single-cropping region in Northern China. The results showed that the validated APSIM-Potato was highly applicable to the single-cropping region in Northern China. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulated phenology was within 1.9 ~ 2.6 days. The normalized root mean square errors (NRMSEs) of the simulated LAI, above-ground biomass, and yield were all below 15%. Potato yield decreased with an increase in drought stress intensity and duration. In the simulation of water stress at a single developmental stage, the yield of potatoes during the budding-flowering stage was affected the most by water stress, with a yield reduction of between 4.8 and 35.8% compared to the control group (CG). High-intensity water stress during the entire growth period reduced the final potato yield by 28.9 to 60.9% compared to CG. Finally, through the simulation experiment of potato water control, it was found that under the same water control condition, the potato yield reduction rate in the northwestern region was greater than that in the southeastern region.

Disease arises during the storage of potatoes as a result of pathogens introduced during growing and harvest of the tubers. In this study, the causative fungi of domestic potato dry rot disease were identified, and their pathogenicity was confirmed. A total of 76 species were isolated from 93 potato necropods collected from samples inoculated with dry rot disease. These 76 isolates were identified as Fusarium boothii, F. circinatum, F. citricola, F. foetens, F. iranicum, F. longifundum, F. oxysporum, F. pseudoanthophilum, F. solani, Botryotinia ranunculi, Clonostachys rosea, and Humicola nigrescens. The average size of the inoculation site was ≥ 4.6 mm in F. oxysporum and F. solani, which were pathogenic to dry rot in potatoes but were not pathogenic compared to other strains up to 5 weeks in a 15 to 20 °C and 99% RH environment. The pathogenicity of F. foetens and F. pseudoanthophilum was related to a strong relationship by forming a single system with F. oxysporum. However, except for F. oxysporum and F. solani, these strains have not yet been reported to be associated with dry rot disease. Additionally, the length of the cross-section and longitudinal section of the potato damage symptom inoculated with C. rosea increased the most among all strains. This suggests that C. rosea is the dominant species involved in domestic potato dry rot disease. By contrast, there are no reports of the involvement of B. ranunculi and H. nigrescens in dry rot disease. Therefore, these strains can be seen as parasitic using potato sclerosis as nutrients in in vivo experiments through wounds and are not directly related to dry rot disease.

Precise assessment of water footprint to improve the water consumption and crop yield for irrigated agricultural efficiency is required in order to achieve water management sustainability. Although Penman-Monteith is more successful than other methods and it is the most frequently used technique to calculate water footprint, however, it requires a significant number of meteorological parameters at different spatio-temporal scales, which are sometimes inaccessible in many of the developing countries such as Egypt. Machine learning models are widely used to represent complicated phenomena because of their high performance in the non-linear relations of inputs and outputs. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to (1) develop and compare four machine learning models: support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boost (XGB), and artificial neural network (ANN) over three potato governorates (Al-Gharbia, Al-Dakahlia, and Al-Beheira) in the Nile Delta of Egypt and (2) select the best model in the best combination of climate input variables. The available variables used for this study were maximum temperature (T_max), minimum temperature (T_min), average temperature (T_ave), wind speed (WS), relative humidity (RH), precipitation (P), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), solar radiation (SR), sown area (SA), and crop coefficient (Kc) to predict the potato blue water footprint (BWF) during 1990–2016. Six scenarios (Sc1–Sc6) of input variables were used to test the weight of each variable in four applied models. The results demonstrated that Sc5 with the XGB and ANN model gave the most promising results to predict BWF in this arid region based on vapor pressure deficit, precipitation, solar radiation, crop coefficient data, followed by Sc1. The created models produced comparatively superior outcomes and can contribute to the decision-making process for water management and development planners.

Numerous loci, environmental factors, and their interactions have an impact on the phenotypic diversity of several significant traits in plants. One approach put forth in recent years for genetic research and finding quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the specific trait is association mapping. The purpose of the current study was to pinpoint the genetic underpins of significant underground traits in potato. A panel of 192 diverse tetraploid potato genotypes from different countries were grown under different growing conditions (i.e., aeroponics and pot) to study root, stolon and tuber traits. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found between the genotypes for all examined traits, and the heritability (H²) of the traits ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. Genotyping was carried out using the SolCAP 25K array. 21,226 polymorphic SNPs were used for association mapping of underground traits. A GWASpoly R package was implemented for the marker-trait associations, and 78 genomic regions were found associated with the traits under investigation.. The history of potato breeding was reflected in LD patterns. The identified SNPs have their putative gene functions related to the root and stolon architecture and tuber growth (i.e., WRKY transcription factor, MAPK, the GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (i.e., GTPCHI), Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductase, and pyrophosphate—fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha (PFPase). The results of the present study provides a framework that could be helpful for future potato breeding programs to increase tuber production and reduce the challenges of feeding the world's population in the years to come.

Abstract

Understanding the changes in nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) content in the rooting zone is crucial for reducing nitrate leaching and improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N management strategies on NO₃⁻-N dynamics in the main root zone (0–60 cm) at critical growth stages of drip-irrigated potatoes and to quantify the retention capacity of NO₃⁻-N at harvest in an intensive potato cropping system. Three field experiments with no N application (CK), optimized management (OM) based on a realistic yield goal and soil mineral N content (N_min) and farmer practice (FP) for three potato cultivars were conducted in Inner Mongolia of Northwest China from 2014 to 2016. A total of 52 farmers with over 3000 ha of potato fields were also investigated at harvest. The results showed that OM treatment improved N use efficiency and reduced the environmental risk of N loss while ensuring potato yields compared with FP treatment. Overusing N fertilizer in farmer fields was common, but these N fertilizers only caused a temporary accumulation of NO₃⁻-N during the growing season, then it was reduced to the same level as the optimal treatment at harvest. The NO₃⁻-N retention was about 70 kg ha⁻¹ at harvest in the drip-irrigated potatoes with higher yield, and the data from farmers’ fields confirmed the universality of the NO₃⁻-N retention content. Although retentional NO₃⁻-N content in the main root zone at harvest was similar between FP and OM, obvious accumulation of NO₃⁻-N content was observed during the growing season in FP treatments increasing N loss risk to the environment. The characteristics of soil NO₃⁻-N accumulation in the root zone of drip-irrigated potatoes help to improve management strategies to maximize potato yield while minimizing environmental risks due to N fertilization.

For potato, diploid hybrid breeding is a novel breeding technique that speeds up the development of new varieties. A consequence of hybrid breeding is the introduction of hybrid true potato seeds as starting material. From these seeds, seedling tubers can be produced in one field season, to use as starting material for a seed or a ware crop in the following year. For breeding purposes as well as for seed crop and ware crop production, it is essential to produce seedling tubers of high quality. The production of seedling tubers is a new step in the potato production chain; therefore, we investigated the effect of tuber quality traits on plant development and yield. With similar seedling tuber weight, more eyes per seedling tuber led to more stems per plant. This was compensated by a lower number of tubers per stem resulting in an equal total tuber number and weight per plant at the end of the growing season. A higher seedling tuber weight led to a higher soil cover in the field. Hybrid potato plants grown from larger seedling tubers produced a greater total tuber weight per plant than plants grown from smaller tubers, while number of eyes and stems per tuber had no effect on final yield when using equal seedling tuber weight.