O. Grygorieva, S. Klymenko, Y. Vinogradova, O. Vergun, J. Brindza
According to the International Program for the Botanic Gardens Conservation, botanic gardens contribute to the conservation plant species, which are of great socio-economic importance, and develop and implement a policy to use herbal products derived from sustainably developing sources. The aim of this study was to determine morphometric parameters of fruits of seven genotypes of Mespilus germanica L., which are growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 35.29 to 39.12 g, fruit length from 27.69 to 42.29 mm, fruit diameter from 24.98 to 44.75 mm, length of calyx basin from 17.55 to 32.46 mm. The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.79 to 1.23. It was found that fruit diameter positively correlated with traits such as fruit weight and calyx basin length. Fruit weight was also highly correlated with calyx basin length and fruit length. Using the cluster analysis with Euclidian distances allowed to establish the relationships among the fruits Mespilus germanica germplasm and arranged the genotypes into five relatively homogenous clusters. Hence, the introduction population characterized by quite variability and contains plants with almost all types of fruits. Obtained data can be used for breeding programs and introducing of cultivars in Mespilus germanica.
{"title":"Variation in morphometric traits of fruits of Mespilus germanica L.","authors":"O. Grygorieva, S. Klymenko, Y. Vinogradova, O. Vergun, J. Brindza","doi":"10.5219/999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/999","url":null,"abstract":"According to the International Program for the Botanic Gardens Conservation, botanic gardens contribute to the conservation plant species, which are of great socio-economic importance, and develop and implement a policy to use herbal products derived from sustainably developing sources. The aim of this study was to determine morphometric parameters of fruits of seven genotypes of Mespilus germanica L., which are growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 35.29 to 39.12 g, fruit length from 27.69 to 42.29 mm, fruit diameter from 24.98 to 44.75 mm, length of calyx basin from 17.55 to 32.46 mm. The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.79 to 1.23. It was found that fruit diameter positively correlated with traits such as fruit weight and calyx basin length. Fruit weight was also highly correlated with calyx basin length and fruit length. Using the cluster analysis with Euclidian distances allowed to establish the relationships among the fruits Mespilus germanica germplasm and arranged the genotypes into five relatively homogenous clusters. Hence, the introduction population characterized by quite variability and contains plants with almost all types of fruits. Obtained data can be used for breeding programs and introducing of cultivars in Mespilus germanica.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84589212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Rahmawati, Daniel Saputra, Kaprawi Sahim, G. Priyanto
Infrared radiation has a potential for drying agricultural commodities such as the peel of duku. Drying of duku's peel in a whole duku using infrared radiation could become an effective method to eliminate the water on the peel but not in the flesh and could increase the shelf life of duku. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using infrared radiation for drying the peel of duku which would increase the shelf life of duku during storage. Duku's peel drying process was achieved by means of heating duku using a pairs of electric infrared emitters (IRE) facing each other with the emitter distance of 6 cm and 10 cm for a relatively short heating time of 50, 60, 70 and 80 seconds and after that stored at a cool room at the temperature of 15 °C for the length of one month. During storage, the physical and chemical changes of duku were then evaluated. It was found that the weight loss, fruit firmness, and total soluble solid of duku dried by means of exposing to Infra Red Emitter (IRE) were significantly affected by the distance of IRE, the temperature of IRE and the time exposed to IRE. However the titratable acidity only affected significantly by the distance of IRE. There were no significantly changes of browning index on duku during drying by exposing to IRE and while stored up to 25 th day of storage. Drying duku by exposing it to IRE show a slightly better shelf life than the previous work.
{"title":"Effect of infrared radiation on chemical and physical properties on Duku’s peel","authors":"L. Rahmawati, Daniel Saputra, Kaprawi Sahim, G. Priyanto","doi":"10.5219/985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/985","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared radiation has a potential for drying agricultural commodities such as the peel of duku. Drying of duku's peel in a whole duku using infrared radiation could become an effective method to eliminate the water on the peel but not in the flesh and could increase the shelf life of duku. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using infrared radiation for drying the peel of duku which would increase the shelf life of duku during storage. Duku's peel drying process was achieved by means of heating duku using a pairs of electric infrared emitters (IRE) facing each other with the emitter distance of 6 cm and 10 cm for a relatively short heating time of 50, 60, 70 and 80 seconds and after that stored at a cool room at the temperature of 15 °C for the length of one month. During storage, the physical and chemical changes of duku were then evaluated. It was found that the weight loss, fruit firmness, and total soluble solid of duku dried by means of exposing to Infra Red Emitter (IRE) were significantly affected by the distance of IRE, the temperature of IRE and the time exposed to IRE. However the titratable acidity only affected significantly by the distance of IRE. There were no significantly changes of browning index on duku during drying by exposing to IRE and while stored up to 25 th day of storage. Drying duku by exposing it to IRE show a slightly better shelf life than the previous work.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77585932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determination of toxic elements in seafood was important for the health of humans and marine organisms. This study was carried out on effects of total length and weight on concentration of toxic and non-toxic elements in fish of Chirocentrus nudus of Persian Gulf, Iran. For this purpose, 20 pieces of fish in two different fish sizes were purchased from Behbahan fish market and transferred to laboratory of Khatam-al-Anbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran. The fish muscle after the preparation, which contains washing, biometrics and abdominal discharges, was separated. Finally, the samples elements were analyzed after extraction and digestion processes using an atomic absorption apparatus. The obtained results were compared with the World Food Standards. The concentration of elements in different amounts in fish Kharo were as follows: Fe >Zn >Pb >Cd >Ni. Results showed that with increase fish length and weight, the amount of toxic and non-toxic elements such as Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn, except Cd, were increased significantly. It can be concluded that, although the concentration of elements found in the fish in both sizes were lower than the standard levels proposed for humans, but excessive consumption fish caught from contaminated areas, can be dangerous for human health.
{"title":"Studies on relationship between body length, weight and elements contents in fish Chirocentrus nudus swainson (1839) in Iran","authors":"A. Aberoumand, F. Baesi","doi":"10.5219/987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/987","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of toxic elements in seafood was important for the health of humans and marine organisms. This study was carried out on effects of total length and weight on concentration of toxic and non-toxic elements in fish of Chirocentrus nudus of Persian Gulf, Iran. For this purpose, 20 pieces of fish in two different fish sizes were purchased from Behbahan fish market and transferred to laboratory of Khatam-al-Anbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran. The fish muscle after the preparation, which contains washing, biometrics and abdominal discharges, was separated. Finally, the samples elements were analyzed after extraction and digestion processes using an atomic absorption apparatus. The obtained results were compared with the World Food Standards. The concentration of elements in different amounts in fish Kharo were as follows: Fe >Zn >Pb >Cd >Ni. Results showed that with increase fish length and weight, the amount of toxic and non-toxic elements such as Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn, except Cd, were increased significantly. It can be concluded that, although the concentration of elements found in the fish in both sizes were lower than the standard levels proposed for humans, but excessive consumption fish caught from contaminated areas, can be dangerous for human health.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74358631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kuznetsova, E. Klimova, D. Uchasov, N. Yarovan, S. Motyleva, J. Brindza, N. Berezina, T. Bychkova, V. Gavrilina, Gennadii Piyavchenko
A grain concentrate was developed for use in bread baking based on whole-ground fermented wheat grain, to enhance that the beneficial properties have fermented wholegrain buckwheat grains in an amount of 20% by weight of the fermented wheat. For the fermentation of grain used dry complex enzyme preparation comprising cellulose, β-glucanase and xylanase (producing Penicillin canescens), dissolved in a buffer based on succinic acid. Under the action of the drug, the micro structure surface of grain was changed. It is established that the character of the change in surface micro structure of wheat and buckwheat grain is the same. The results of the study of the content of vitamin E, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in wheat grains, buckwheat and grain concentrate are obtained by different technologies. The results show that grain concentrates from wheat grain with the addition of 20% buckwheat grains prepared using a solution of enzyme preparation of cellulolytic action in a buffer, based on succinic acid has a high antioxidant activity. As a biological model for studying changes oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism under stress when included in a diet designed grain concentrate, used pigs, that are under stress, caused by weaning them from sows and transportation. Investigated the following parameters oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism pigs: the level of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, vitamins A, E and C in the blood of animals. It is concluded that, to improve the oxidative status of the piglets after weaning period recommended addition of concentrate fodder ration of grain wheat and buckwheat prepared using a solution of an enzyme preparation buffered cellulolytic action on the basis of succinic acid. The developed grain concentrate can be used for making the manufacture of cereal products, including grain bread included in the diet of people who live in conditions of oxidative stress.
{"title":"Assessment of antioxidant properties of grain concentrate and oxidant-antioxidant status pigs after its inclusion in ration feeding","authors":"E. Kuznetsova, E. Klimova, D. Uchasov, N. Yarovan, S. Motyleva, J. Brindza, N. Berezina, T. Bychkova, V. Gavrilina, Gennadii Piyavchenko","doi":"10.5219/981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/981","url":null,"abstract":"A grain concentrate was developed for use in bread baking based on whole-ground fermented wheat grain, to enhance that the beneficial properties have fermented wholegrain buckwheat grains in an amount of 20% by weight of the fermented wheat. For the fermentation of grain used dry complex enzyme preparation comprising cellulose, β-glucanase and xylanase (producing Penicillin canescens), dissolved in a buffer based on succinic acid. Under the action of the drug, the micro structure surface of grain was changed. It is established that the character of the change in surface micro structure of wheat and buckwheat grain is the same. The results of the study of the content of vitamin E, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in wheat grains, buckwheat and grain concentrate are obtained by different technologies. The results show that grain concentrates from wheat grain with the addition of 20% buckwheat grains prepared using a solution of enzyme preparation of cellulolytic action in a buffer, based on succinic acid has a high antioxidant activity. As a biological model for studying changes oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism under stress when included in a diet designed grain concentrate, used pigs, that are under stress, caused by weaning them from sows and transportation. Investigated the following parameters oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism pigs: the level of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, vitamins A, E and C in the blood of animals. It is concluded that, to improve the oxidative status of the piglets after weaning period recommended addition of concentrate fodder ration of grain wheat and buckwheat prepared using a solution of an enzyme preparation buffered cellulolytic action on the basis of succinic acid. The developed grain concentrate can be used for making the manufacture of cereal products, including grain bread included in the diet of people who live in conditions of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83849204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different foods differ in their protein quality, which is characterized by the content and digestibility of individual amino acids. The Food and Agriculture Organisation has recommended replacing the method for protein quality evaluation of foods called protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) with the new method - digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), in which the values of ileal amino acid digestibility obtained in pigs are used. However, the information about DIAAS values of foods are limited. Therefore, the study on growing pigs was conducted to determine true fecal protein digestibility and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of rice, rye and barley. Using these values, the PDCAAS and DIAAS were calculated and compared. A total of 18 gilts with a T-cannula inserted in the terminal ileum were allotted to 3 diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Three semi-purified diets were formulated to contain the tested cereal grains (rice, rye, barley) as the sole nitrogen source. Chromic oxide was used as indigestible marker. Each experimental period comprised of a 7-d adaptation period followed by 24 h collection of feces and ileal digesta. The content of nitrogen, dry matter and chromic oxide was analyzed in samples of diets, feces and ileal digesta. Moreover, in the samples of diets and ileal digesta the content of amino acids was determined. Calculated ratio of crude protein to lysine was greatest in rice (4.50) followed by rye (3.65) and the lowest one in barley (3.35). True fecal protein digestibility was greater when compared with ileal amino acid digestibility for all tested samples, thus suggesting an overestimation of protein quality determined by PDCAAS. Calculated PDCAAS values for rice, rye and barley (81, 65 and 61%) were generally greater than the DIAAS values (79, 56 and 55%), especially for the poorer quality protein sources such as rye and barley in comparison with rice. The lysine was the first limiting amino acid in all tested cereal grains. Based on the DIAAS evaluation, rice is better protein source in human nutrition in comparison with rye or barley.
{"title":"Comparison of two methods of protein quality evaluation in rice, rye and barley as food protein sources in human nutrition","authors":"S. Nitrayová, M. Brestenský, P. Patráš","doi":"10.5219/991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/991","url":null,"abstract":"Different foods differ in their protein quality, which is characterized by the content and digestibility of individual amino acids. The Food and Agriculture Organisation has recommended replacing the method for protein quality evaluation of foods called protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) with the new method - digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), in which the values of ileal amino acid digestibility obtained in pigs are used. However, the information about DIAAS values of foods are limited. Therefore, the study on growing pigs was conducted to determine true fecal protein digestibility and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of rice, rye and barley. Using these values, the PDCAAS and DIAAS were calculated and compared. A total of 18 gilts with a T-cannula inserted in the terminal ileum were allotted to 3 diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Three semi-purified diets were formulated to contain the tested cereal grains (rice, rye, barley) as the sole nitrogen source. Chromic oxide was used as indigestible marker. Each experimental period comprised of a 7-d adaptation period followed by 24 h collection of feces and ileal digesta. The content of nitrogen, dry matter and chromic oxide was analyzed in samples of diets, feces and ileal digesta. Moreover, in the samples of diets and ileal digesta the content of amino acids was determined. Calculated ratio of crude protein to lysine was greatest in rice (4.50) followed by rye (3.65) and the lowest one in barley (3.35). True fecal protein digestibility was greater when compared with ileal amino acid digestibility for all tested samples, thus suggesting an overestimation of protein quality determined by PDCAAS. Calculated PDCAAS values for rice, rye and barley (81, 65 and 61%) were generally greater than the DIAAS values (79, 56 and 55%), especially for the poorer quality protein sources such as rye and barley in comparison with rice. The lysine was the first limiting amino acid in all tested cereal grains. Based on the DIAAS evaluation, rice is better protein source in human nutrition in comparison with rye or barley.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75316567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents data on the change in the ratio of pigments and fluorescence of chlorophyll in peach leaves in the optimal period of vegetation and under hydrothermal stress. When determining the resistance of a peach to unfavorable environmental factors, methods based on laboratory, fixed changes in the physiological and biochemical processes occurring in plants are used. In the period of inadequate water availability, the water deficit in peach leaves increased to an average of 15%, while less stable - an increase in the parameter to 18% was observed. It is shown that the xeromorphic character of the leaf apparatus is associated with a slight change in the anatomical characteristics of the leaf (the thickness of the leaf blade before and after the drought), which determines the permanence of the turgor. In this case, in the leaves of resistant varieties, the loss of turgor is insignificant (LSD (p ≤0.05) = 7.24); the thickness of the leaf fluctuates within 0.20 mm. On the background of stress impact, a clear varietal difference was shown, which allowed us to develop a scale for a comparative assessment of the resistance of peach varieties and clones. During the active growth of the assimilation surface, an increase in the amount of green pigments in the leaves of experimental plants was noted. Perspective varieties of peach contain significantly higher amounts of chlorophylls compared to other varieties (LSD (p ≤0.05) = 0.30). Under unfavorable conditions, in these varieties the ratio of the sum of chlorophylls to carotenoids is higher, which is confirmed by their more developed adaptive potential. Reorganization of the pigmentary apparatus during the period of hydrothermal stress is accompanied by an increase in the coefficient of photosynthetic activity (Kf_n) and a decrease in the fluorescence level (F_T) of chlorophyll. Thus, the water deficit, pigment composition and fluorescence of chlorophyll make it possible to identify the resistance of peach varieties and clones to the action of hydrothermal stressors. Based on the results of the studies, the most resistant varieties and clones of peaches have been identified for the humid subtropics of Russia (Larisa, Early bloy, Medin red, Slavutich, Donetskij zheltij, Vanity and Form 1).
{"title":"Evaluation of the functional state of peach varieties (Prunus persica Mill.) when exposed hydrothermal stress to plants","authors":"J. Abilfazova, O. Belous","doi":"10.5219/974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/974","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the change in the ratio of pigments and fluorescence of chlorophyll in peach leaves in the optimal period of vegetation and under hydrothermal stress. When determining the resistance of a peach to unfavorable environmental factors, methods based on laboratory, fixed changes in the physiological and biochemical processes occurring in plants are used. In the period of inadequate water availability, the water deficit in peach leaves increased to an average of 15%, while less stable - an increase in the parameter to 18% was observed. It is shown that the xeromorphic character of the leaf apparatus is associated with a slight change in the anatomical characteristics of the leaf (the thickness of the leaf blade before and after the drought), which determines the permanence of the turgor. In this case, in the leaves of resistant varieties, the loss of turgor is insignificant (LSD (p ≤0.05) = 7.24); the thickness of the leaf fluctuates within 0.20 mm. On the background of stress impact, a clear varietal difference was shown, which allowed us to develop a scale for a comparative assessment of the resistance of peach varieties and clones. During the active growth of the assimilation surface, an increase in the amount of green pigments in the leaves of experimental plants was noted. Perspective varieties of peach contain significantly higher amounts of chlorophylls compared to other varieties (LSD (p ≤0.05) = 0.30). Under unfavorable conditions, in these varieties the ratio of the sum of chlorophylls to carotenoids is higher, which is confirmed by their more developed adaptive potential. Reorganization of the pigmentary apparatus during the period of hydrothermal stress is accompanied by an increase in the coefficient of photosynthetic activity (Kf_n) and a decrease in the fluorescence level (F_T) of chlorophyll. Thus, the water deficit, pigment composition and fluorescence of chlorophyll make it possible to identify the resistance of peach varieties and clones to the action of hydrothermal stressors. Based on the results of the studies, the most resistant varieties and clones of peaches have been identified for the humid subtropics of Russia (Larisa, Early bloy, Medin red, Slavutich, Donetskij zheltij, Vanity and Form 1).","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75447204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kuznetsova, E. Klimova, T. Bychkova, Vladislav Zomitev, S. Motyleva, J. Brindza
Biochemical parameters alteration of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain in process of germination was studied. It was found that during germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain within 24 hours the content of ascorbic acid, thiamine, nicotinic acids, pantothenic acids and routine was increased. The peptide composition of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain was studied by gel electrophoresis. The most significant alteration of reserve globulins structure are observed during germination phase from 20 till 24 hours. New low-molecular polypeptides appear during above mentioned period, that indicates embryonic awakening and synthesis of new protein compounds, mainly hydrolases. The process of proteolysis during germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain promotes a content increase of soluble fractions and sum of albumins and globulins. There is a significant decrease of insoluble protein residue during germination phase change. Chromatographic method was used to determine the change of carbohydrate composition of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grains during germination. It was established that the content of total carbohydrates amount in grain extracts increases. Electron scanning microscopy revealed that after 12 hours germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain, swelling of starch grains and minor damage of their packaging in endosperm are observed. After 24 hours, endosperm of germinated grain significantly changed microstructure: starch grains and components of protein matrix had a vague outline, grain disintegration was observed. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of alcohol extract from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain germinated during 24 hours showed that percentage of DPPG free radicals inhibition increases with process prolongation. Thus, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain germinated within 24 hours is characterized by a high content of biologically active substances and can be used in food technologies for functional products development.
{"title":"Alteration of biochemical parameters and microstructure of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain in process of germination","authors":"E. Kuznetsova, E. Klimova, T. Bychkova, Vladislav Zomitev, S. Motyleva, J. Brindza","doi":"10.5219/932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/932","url":null,"abstract":"Biochemical parameters alteration of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain in process of germination was studied. It was found that during germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain within 24 hours the content of ascorbic acid, thiamine, nicotinic acids, pantothenic acids and routine was increased. The peptide composition of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain was studied by gel electrophoresis. The most significant alteration of reserve globulins structure are observed during germination phase from 20 till 24 hours. New low-molecular polypeptides appear during above mentioned period, that indicates embryonic awakening and synthesis of new protein compounds, mainly hydrolases. The process of proteolysis during germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain promotes a content increase of soluble fractions and sum of albumins and globulins. There is a significant decrease of insoluble protein residue during germination phase change. Chromatographic method was used to determine the change of carbohydrate composition of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grains during germination. It was established that the content of total carbohydrates amount in grain extracts increases. Electron scanning microscopy revealed that after 12 hours germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain, swelling of starch grains and minor damage of their packaging in endosperm are observed. After 24 hours, endosperm of germinated grain significantly changed microstructure: starch grains and components of protein matrix had a vague outline, grain disintegration was observed. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of alcohol extract from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain germinated during 24 hours showed that percentage of DPPG free radicals inhibition increases with process prolongation. Thus, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench grain germinated within 24 hours is characterized by a high content of biologically active substances and can be used in food technologies for functional products development.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73378198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to determine the amount of total phenols, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of 7 grape cultivars grown in Kurdistan rejoin of Iraq. The results showed that total phenols, flavonoid and antioxidant activity in the berries varied among the investigated cultivars. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content ranged from 112.77 to 249.19 mg GAE/100g FW, 584.23 to 288.55 mg of rutin equivalents/100 g of (fresh sample) respectly and antioxidant capacity value ranged from 41.79 to 92.30%. Tahlik cultivar had the highest value of antioxidant capacity, flavonoid and total phenolic content. The lowest total phenolic, flavonoid content and the lowest value of antioxidant capacity were found in Abhar cultivar. Present results showed statistically significant correlations with the free radical scavenging activity. There was a very strong positive correlation (R2 =1, p <0.05) between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content and a strong positive correlation (R2 =0.9735, p <0.05) between the antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content.
{"title":"Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of variety grapes from kurdistan Iraq","authors":"D. S. Ismael","doi":"10.5219/979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/979","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the amount of total phenols, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of 7 grape cultivars grown in Kurdistan rejoin of Iraq. The results showed that total phenols, flavonoid and antioxidant activity in the berries varied among the investigated cultivars. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content ranged from 112.77 to 249.19 mg GAE/100g FW, 584.23 to 288.55 mg of rutin equivalents/100 g of (fresh sample) respectly and antioxidant capacity value ranged from 41.79 to 92.30%. Tahlik cultivar had the highest value of antioxidant capacity, flavonoid and total phenolic content. The lowest total phenolic, flavonoid content and the lowest value of antioxidant capacity were found in Abhar cultivar. Present results showed statistically significant correlations with the free radical scavenging activity. There was a very strong positive correlation (R2 =1, p <0.05) between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content and a strong positive correlation (R2 =0.9735, p <0.05) between the antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83172467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Haščík, H. Arpášová, A. Pavelkova, M. Bobko, J. Čuboň, O. Bučko
The aim of the present study was analysed and evaluated chemical parameters of chicken breast and thigh muscles after addition of humic acids and probiotic into diet for broiler chicken. A total of 200 pcs Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups (n=50). The control group of chickens was fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in experiment groups were fed a diet containing: P1 (1% of humic acid), P2 (1% of humic acid and probiotic supplement Lactobacillus fermentum ) and P3 were fed with complete feed mixture containing combination of starter feed mixture (1. - 21. day) with coccidiostaticum Diclazuril and growth feed mixture (21. - 35. day) containing Salinomycinum sodium. Besides, the groups were kept under the same conditions. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Chicken meat was analyzed for content of water, crude protein, fat and cholesterol. Based on the results, we can state that the application of humic acids or the combination of Humac Natur with probiotic did not affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle. In the breast muscle, the protein content in the experimental group P3 with the coccidiostat (22.98 g.100 g -1 ) was reduced ( p ≤0.05) compared to control group (23.42 g.100 g -1 ). In the case of thigh muscle was significantly higher content of fat and cholesterol ( p ≤0.05) in chickens feeding with addition of Humac Natur (fat - 9.08 g.100g -1 ; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g -1 ) and similar results were recorded in experimental group with combination of Humac Natur and probiotic (fat - 9.15 g.100g -1 ; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g -1 ) compared to control group (fat - 7.15 g.100g -1 ; cholesterol - 0.70 mg.100g -1 ). From a general point of view, we can recommend the application of Humac Natur, respectively combination Humac Natur with probiotics in feeding of broiler chickens Ross 308. 14.00 Normal 0 21 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE
{"title":"Chemical composition of chicken meat after application of humic acid and probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum","authors":"P. Haščík, H. Arpášová, A. Pavelkova, M. Bobko, J. Čuboň, O. Bučko","doi":"10.5219/943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/943","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was analysed and evaluated chemical parameters of chicken breast and thigh muscles after addition of humic acids and probiotic into diet for broiler chicken. A total of 200 pcs Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups (n=50). The control group of chickens was fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in experiment groups were fed a diet containing: P1 (1% of humic acid), P2 (1% of humic acid and probiotic supplement Lactobacillus fermentum ) and P3 were fed with complete feed mixture containing combination of starter feed mixture (1. - 21. day) with coccidiostaticum Diclazuril and growth feed mixture (21. - 35. day) containing Salinomycinum sodium. Besides, the groups were kept under the same conditions. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Chicken meat was analyzed for content of water, crude protein, fat and cholesterol. Based on the results, we can state that the application of humic acids or the combination of Humac Natur with probiotic did not affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle. In the breast muscle, the protein content in the experimental group P3 with the coccidiostat (22.98 g.100 g -1 ) was reduced ( p ≤0.05) compared to control group (23.42 g.100 g -1 ). In the case of thigh muscle was significantly higher content of fat and cholesterol ( p ≤0.05) in chickens feeding with addition of Humac Natur (fat - 9.08 g.100g -1 ; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g -1 ) and similar results were recorded in experimental group with combination of Humac Natur and probiotic (fat - 9.15 g.100g -1 ; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g -1 ) compared to control group (fat - 7.15 g.100g -1 ; cholesterol - 0.70 mg.100g -1 ). From a general point of view, we can recommend the application of Humac Natur, respectively combination Humac Natur with probiotics in feeding of broiler chickens Ross 308. 14.00 Normal 0 21 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73639037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vivodík, E. Saadaoui, Z. Gálová, Ž. Balážová, L. Petrovičová
Due to the chemical and physical properties of castor oil ( Ricinus communis L.) that make it a valuable raw material for numerous industrial applications, including the production of biofuel, interest to develop more and better varieties has been increased. The objectives of this work, were to find out the level of genetic variability present in 56 Tunisian castor germplasm by using the electrophoretic profiles of total seed proteins with different molecular weights through SDS-PAGE. Fifty-six castor ( Ricinus communis L.) genotypes were used in the present study. Seeds of castor were obtained from the University of Carthage, National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests (INRGREF), Regional Station of Gabes, Tunisia. Storage proteins were extracted from individual grains by the standard reference electrophoretic method by ISTA in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The number of total scorable protein bands was twentynine as a result of SDS-PAGE technique but those that were not cosistent in reproducibility and showed occasional variation in sharpness and density were not considered. Out of twentynine polypeptide bands, 5 (18%) were commonly present in all accessions and considered as monomorphic, while 24 (82%) showed variations and considered as polymorphic. The size of the protein bands obtained through SDS-PAGE ranged from 30 to 180 kDa. On the basis of banding profiles of proteins of different kDa, gel was divided into zones A, B and C. The major protein bands were lied in zones A and B, while minor bands were present in zones C. The dendrogram tree demonstrated the relationship among the 56 Tunisian castor genotypes according to the similarity index, using UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram was divided into three main clusters. Similarly the present study of genetic variability in the seed storage polypeptide determined by SDS-PAGE technique proved that it is fruitful to identify genetic diversity among accessions of castor.
由于蓖麻油(Ricinus communis L.)的化学和物理特性使其成为许多工业应用(包括生产生物燃料)的宝贵原料，开发更多更好品种的兴趣已经增加。本研究通过SDS-PAGE对56份突尼斯蓖麻种质资源中不同分子量总种子蛋白的电泳图谱进行分析，以了解其遗传变异水平。蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)共有56个基因型。蓖麻种子来自迦太基大学、国家农村工程、水和森林研究所(INRGREF)、突尼斯加贝斯地区站。在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS-PAGE)存在下，采用ISTA标准参比电泳法从籽粒中提取贮藏蛋白。SDS-PAGE技术得到的可评分蛋白条带总数为29条，但不考虑重复性不一致、锐度和密度偶尔变化的条带。在29条多肽带中，5条(18%)普遍存在于所有材料中，被认为是单态的，而24条(82%)表现出变异，被认为是多态的。SDS-PAGE得到的蛋白条带大小在30 ~ 180kda之间。根据不同kDa蛋白的条带图谱，将凝胶分为A区、B区和c区。A区和B区存在主要的蛋白条带，c区存在次要的蛋白条带。采用UPGMA聚类分析，根据相似度指数，树形树显示了56个突尼斯蓖麻基因型之间的关系。树突图分为三个主要簇。同样，利用SDS-PAGE技术对蓖麻种子贮藏多肽遗传变异的研究也证明了蓖麻种质间遗传多样性的鉴定是卓有成效的。
{"title":"Characterization of Tunisian castor bean genotypes using SDS-PAGE of total seed storage proteins","authors":"M. Vivodík, E. Saadaoui, Z. Gálová, Ž. Balážová, L. Petrovičová","doi":"10.5219/973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5219/973","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the chemical and physical properties of castor oil ( Ricinus communis L.) that make it a valuable raw material for numerous industrial applications, including the production of biofuel, interest to develop more and better varieties has been increased. The objectives of this work, were to find out the level of genetic variability present in 56 Tunisian castor germplasm by using the electrophoretic profiles of total seed proteins with different molecular weights through SDS-PAGE. Fifty-six castor ( Ricinus communis L.) genotypes were used in the present study. Seeds of castor were obtained from the University of Carthage, National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests (INRGREF), Regional Station of Gabes, Tunisia. Storage proteins were extracted from individual grains by the standard reference electrophoretic method by ISTA in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The number of total scorable protein bands was twentynine as a result of SDS-PAGE technique but those that were not cosistent in reproducibility and showed occasional variation in sharpness and density were not considered. Out of twentynine polypeptide bands, 5 (18%) were commonly present in all accessions and considered as monomorphic, while 24 (82%) showed variations and considered as polymorphic. The size of the protein bands obtained through SDS-PAGE ranged from 30 to 180 kDa. On the basis of banding profiles of proteins of different kDa, gel was divided into zones A, B and C. The major protein bands were lied in zones A and B, while minor bands were present in zones C. The dendrogram tree demonstrated the relationship among the 56 Tunisian castor genotypes according to the similarity index, using UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram was divided into three main clusters. Similarly the present study of genetic variability in the seed storage polypeptide determined by SDS-PAGE technique proved that it is fruitful to identify genetic diversity among accessions of castor.","PeriodicalId":20379,"journal":{"name":"Potravinarstvo","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88569550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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