Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1177/09673911241264139
Ilker Cengiz, Zeynep Caglar, Halil Murat Aydin
Facial bone fractures in facial injuries resulting from severe trauma can be treated using plate and screw systems. Depending on the location of the fracture, the fracture lines are brought end to end and fixed with plates and screws. Metallic implants are at risk of endogenous infection and there are inherent problems associated with their use, such as stress shielding phenomena, pain, and local irritation. After the bone has healed, a second surgery is needed to remove the metallic fixation. Considering these problems, it is important to use biodegradable plates instead of metal plates. Biodegradable fracture fixation plates degrade slowly in the human body, causing less pain and stress, and there is no need for a second procedure to remove the synthetic material. As these plates decompose, the load will also decrease. There are no toxic and mutagenic effects in an absorbable implant. However, there are some problems with the use of these implants, such as inflammatory response, rapid loss of initial implant strength, higher fracture rates, insufficient hardness of the implants, and weakness compared to metallic implants. In this study, biodegradable plates were designed for use in maxillofacial bone injuries, and treatment plates were prepared using extrusion and injection molding. Different proportions of trimethylene carbonate (TMC), poly-L-lactate (LPLA), poly(D,L-lactate) (DLPLA), polyglycolate (PGA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are mixed by extrusion to produce composites by injection molding. Plates were obtained. The degradation, morphological, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of the obtained products were examined.
{"title":"Development of thermally responsive composite bone plates for maxillofacial trauma treatment","authors":"Ilker Cengiz, Zeynep Caglar, Halil Murat Aydin","doi":"10.1177/09673911241264139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241264139","url":null,"abstract":"Facial bone fractures in facial injuries resulting from severe trauma can be treated using plate and screw systems. Depending on the location of the fracture, the fracture lines are brought end to end and fixed with plates and screws. Metallic implants are at risk of endogenous infection and there are inherent problems associated with their use, such as stress shielding phenomena, pain, and local irritation. After the bone has healed, a second surgery is needed to remove the metallic fixation. Considering these problems, it is important to use biodegradable plates instead of metal plates. Biodegradable fracture fixation plates degrade slowly in the human body, causing less pain and stress, and there is no need for a second procedure to remove the synthetic material. As these plates decompose, the load will also decrease. There are no toxic and mutagenic effects in an absorbable implant. However, there are some problems with the use of these implants, such as inflammatory response, rapid loss of initial implant strength, higher fracture rates, insufficient hardness of the implants, and weakness compared to metallic implants. In this study, biodegradable plates were designed for use in maxillofacial bone injuries, and treatment plates were prepared using extrusion and injection molding. Different proportions of trimethylene carbonate (TMC), poly-L-lactate (LPLA), poly(D,L-lactate) (DLPLA), polyglycolate (PGA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are mixed by extrusion to produce composites by injection molding. Plates were obtained. The degradation, morphological, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of the obtained products were examined.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/09673911241248419
Aqilah A. Hakami, Hajar S. Alorfi, Thoraya A. Farghaly, Mahmoud A. Hussein
A novel series of bioactive polymer nanocomposites was recently created using the polycondensation method in conjunction with ultrasonic radiation. These nanocomposites comprise multi-wall carbon nanotubes and polyazomethine, which is based on the pyrazole moiety with various derivatives. The polyazomethine polymer was supplemented with a 2% concentration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The produced polymer nanocomposites were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and characterized by common characterization tools including X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability was measured by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal gravimetry. The results of the X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the multi-wall carbon nanotubes are really in the polymer matrix. The thermal analysis of these polymer nanocomposites shows high thermal stability. The agar diffusion technique was used to assess the antibacterial properties of the freshly synthesized polymer nanocomposites against various bacterial and fungal species. The chosen bacteria and fungi were susceptible to varying degrees of antimicrobial and antifungal activity in the polymer nanocomposites that were evaluated. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the fabricated Polymer nanocomposites were assessed through colony forming units against Escherichia coli bacteria and showed good effectiveness of all tested polymer nanocomposites. All samples showed an effect on bacterial growth after 12 h by 22%–35%. After 24 h, the percent inhibition of E. coli in the presence of the prepared polymer nanocomposites was highest; it showed 45%–60%.
最近，一种新型的生物活性聚合物纳米复合材料系列通过缩聚法和超声波辐射被制造出来。这些纳米复合材料由多壁碳纳米管和聚氮化合物组成，聚氮化合物是基于吡唑分子的各种衍生物。聚氮亚胺聚合物中添加了 2% 浓度的多壁碳纳米管。生产出的聚合物纳米复合材料通过傅立叶变换红外光谱进行鉴定，并通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等常用表征工具进行表征。热重分析和差热重力法测量了热稳定性。X 射线衍射图样的结果表明，多壁碳纳米管确实存在于聚合物基体中。这些聚合物纳米复合材料的热分析表明具有很高的热稳定性。琼脂扩散技术用于评估新合成的聚合物纳米复合材料对各种细菌和真菌的抗菌性能。所选细菌和真菌对所评估的聚合物纳米复合材料具有不同程度的抗菌和抗真菌活性。此外，通过对大肠杆菌的菌落形成单位来评估所制备的聚合物纳米复合材料的抗菌性能，结果表明所有测试的聚合物纳米复合材料都具有良好的抗菌效果。12 小时后，所有样品对细菌生长的抑制率均为 22%-35%。24 小时后，制备的聚合物纳米复合材料对大肠杆菌的抑制率最高，达到 45%-60%。
{"title":"Synthesis, and antimicrobial activity of polyazomethine-pyrazole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite materials","authors":"Aqilah A. Hakami, Hajar S. Alorfi, Thoraya A. Farghaly, Mahmoud A. Hussein","doi":"10.1177/09673911241248419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241248419","url":null,"abstract":"A novel series of bioactive polymer nanocomposites was recently created using the polycondensation method in conjunction with ultrasonic radiation. These nanocomposites comprise multi-wall carbon nanotubes and polyazomethine, which is based on the pyrazole moiety with various derivatives. The polyazomethine polymer was supplemented with a 2% concentration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The produced polymer nanocomposites were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and characterized by common characterization tools including X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability was measured by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal gravimetry. The results of the X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the multi-wall carbon nanotubes are really in the polymer matrix. The thermal analysis of these polymer nanocomposites shows high thermal stability. The agar diffusion technique was used to assess the antibacterial properties of the freshly synthesized polymer nanocomposites against various bacterial and fungal species. The chosen bacteria and fungi were susceptible to varying degrees of antimicrobial and antifungal activity in the polymer nanocomposites that were evaluated. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the fabricated Polymer nanocomposites were assessed through colony forming units against Escherichia coli bacteria and showed good effectiveness of all tested polymer nanocomposites. All samples showed an effect on bacterial growth after 12 h by 22%–35%. After 24 h, the percent inhibition of E. coli in the presence of the prepared polymer nanocomposites was highest; it showed 45%–60%.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1177/09673911241256553
Farzaneh Jaberi Mofrad, Ali Ahmadpour, Saeed Ostad Movahed
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a developed surface-modified carbon black, both alone and combined with nano-silica, as a hybrid filler for butyl rubber (IIR) compounds. The modification process, followed by coupling agent treatment, influenced crucial curing properties, including torque, cross-link density, viscosity, stiffness, and curing time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed improved filler dispersion and enhanced filler-rubber compatibility due to surface modification. The ∆Torque for compounds containing modified carbon black surpassed others by 13%. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tearing strength, and hardness were significantly influenced by filler type and surface modification. The harness (Shore A) increased to the value of 45 after surface amendment. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) provided insights into storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ, showing the impact of filler type and surface modification. The utilization of coupling agent-modified carbon black decreased [Formula: see text] from −24°C to −30°C. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated consistent thermal stability across compounds, while solvent resistance improved with surface modification, as evidenced by swelling ratios. The thermodynamic analysis underscored the importance of filler type and surface modification on compound elasticity and flexibility. Overall, precise selection and optimization of filler materials and surface modifications are crucial for tailoring rubber compound properties to meet specific performance requirements across applications, impacting various aspects including curing, mechanical, dynamic, thermal, solvent resistance, and thermodynamic parameters.
本研究评估了所开发的表面改性炭黑作为丁基橡胶（IIR）化合物混合填料的有效性，包括单独使用和与纳米二氧化硅结合使用两种情况。改性过程以及随后的偶联剂处理影响了关键的硫化特性，包括扭矩、交联密度、粘度、硬度和硫化时间。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，表面改性改善了填料的分散性，提高了填料与橡胶的相容性。含有改性炭黑的化合物的Δ扭矩比其他化合物高出 13%。填料类型和表面改性对拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、模量、撕裂强度和硬度等机械性能有显著影响。表面改性后，线束（邵氏 A）增加到 45。动态机械分析（DMA）提供了对储存模量、损失模量和 tan δ 的深入了解，显示了填料类型和表面改性的影响。偶联剂改性炭黑的利用率从 -24°C 降至 -30°C[公式：见正文]。热重分析（TGA）表明，不同化合物具有一致的热稳定性，而耐溶剂性则随着表面改性的进行而提高，膨胀率就是证明。热力学分析强调了填料类型和表面改性对化合物弹性和柔韧性的重要性。总之，精确选择和优化填料材料和表面改性对于定制橡胶复合物性能以满足各种应用的特定性能要求至关重要，会对硫化、机械、动态、热、耐溶剂性和热力学参数等各个方面产生影响。
{"title":"The effect of modified carbon black and nano-silica, individually and in combination, on the curing, mechanical, and dynamical properties of butyl rubber (IIR)","authors":"Farzaneh Jaberi Mofrad, Ali Ahmadpour, Saeed Ostad Movahed","doi":"10.1177/09673911241256553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241256553","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the effectiveness of a developed surface-modified carbon black, both alone and combined with nano-silica, as a hybrid filler for butyl rubber (IIR) compounds. The modification process, followed by coupling agent treatment, influenced crucial curing properties, including torque, cross-link density, viscosity, stiffness, and curing time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed improved filler dispersion and enhanced filler-rubber compatibility due to surface modification. The ∆Torque for compounds containing modified carbon black surpassed others by 13%. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tearing strength, and hardness were significantly influenced by filler type and surface modification. The harness (Shore A) increased to the value of 45 after surface amendment. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) provided insights into storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ, showing the impact of filler type and surface modification. The utilization of coupling agent-modified carbon black decreased [Formula: see text] from −24°C to −30°C. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated consistent thermal stability across compounds, while solvent resistance improved with surface modification, as evidenced by swelling ratios. The thermodynamic analysis underscored the importance of filler type and surface modification on compound elasticity and flexibility. Overall, precise selection and optimization of filler materials and surface modifications are crucial for tailoring rubber compound properties to meet specific performance requirements across applications, impacting various aspects including curing, mechanical, dynamic, thermal, solvent resistance, and thermodynamic parameters.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1177/09673911241254906
Tanvesh Dabholkar, Harikumar M.
The optimization of post-curing processes is crucial for enhancing the performance of epoxy-based fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) by ensuring adequate cross-linking. This study focuses on optimizing the post-curing parameters for hybrid Ramie and Carbon fiber composites with the primary objective of improving tensile strength. Variations in post-curing temperature, post-curing time, and the number of synthetic fiber layers were systematically investigated across three levels using Taguchi design of experiments. The ultimate tensile stress was employed as the response parameter. Results indicate that post-curing temperature exerts a greater influence on tensile strength compared to post-curing time. A failure pattern of natural fiber followed by synthetic fibers was seen to happen progressively. A precise multivariable regression model was developed to predict the response for different combinations of post-curing parameters. Furthermore, employing particle swarm optimization revealed an optimal post-curing time of 12 h and an optimal temperature of 60°C. These findings contribute to the optimization of post-curing processes in hybrid fiber composites, thereby enhancing their mechanical properties.
{"title":"Post curing optimization for tensile strength of hybrid ramie-carbon fiber reinforced polymer","authors":"Tanvesh Dabholkar, Harikumar M.","doi":"10.1177/09673911241254906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241254906","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization of post-curing processes is crucial for enhancing the performance of epoxy-based fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) by ensuring adequate cross-linking. This study focuses on optimizing the post-curing parameters for hybrid Ramie and Carbon fiber composites with the primary objective of improving tensile strength. Variations in post-curing temperature, post-curing time, and the number of synthetic fiber layers were systematically investigated across three levels using Taguchi design of experiments. The ultimate tensile stress was employed as the response parameter. Results indicate that post-curing temperature exerts a greater influence on tensile strength compared to post-curing time. A failure pattern of natural fiber followed by synthetic fibers was seen to happen progressively. A precise multivariable regression model was developed to predict the response for different combinations of post-curing parameters. Furthermore, employing particle swarm optimization revealed an optimal post-curing time of 12 h and an optimal temperature of 60°C. These findings contribute to the optimization of post-curing processes in hybrid fiber composites, thereby enhancing their mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141061082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1177/09673911231202183
Isiaka O Oladele, Annuoluwapo S Taiwo, Lateef J Bello, Samuel O Balogun, Lephuthing Senzeni Sipho, Samson O Adelani
This study investigated the effects of using egg and snail shells, along with sugarcane bagasse, on various properties of hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications. The particulate shells and sugarcane bagasse serve as reinforcements while the matrix consists of epoxy resin and hardener. The composites were produced using the hand lay-up technique, and the mechanical, wear and physical properties of the prepared samples were evaluated. The fractured surfaces of the samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the source of the shell had an impact on the properties of the composites as eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites exhibited improved strengths, while snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites showed improved moduli. Optimal values were obtained for flexural and tensile strengths at 15 and 18 wt%, respectively, while flexural and tensile moduli were optimal at 12 and 15 wt%, respectively. Eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites demonstrated an optimal impact strength value of 21.81 J/m2, while snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites showed optimal results in all other properties mostly at 20 wt%. Conclusively, the use of snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particles was found to be more effective than eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particles for enhancing the properties of epoxy-based composites for structural applications while particulate reinforcement content within the range of 12–20 wt% are responsible for optimum performances.
{"title":"Fabrication of animal shell and sugarcane bagasse particulate hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications","authors":"Isiaka O Oladele, Annuoluwapo S Taiwo, Lateef J Bello, Samuel O Balogun, Lephuthing Senzeni Sipho, Samson O Adelani","doi":"10.1177/09673911231202183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231202183","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of using egg and snail shells, along with sugarcane bagasse, on various properties of hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications. The particulate shells and sugarcane bagasse serve as reinforcements while the matrix consists of epoxy resin and hardener. The composites were produced using the hand lay-up technique, and the mechanical, wear and physical properties of the prepared samples were evaluated. The fractured surfaces of the samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the source of the shell had an impact on the properties of the composites as eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites exhibited improved strengths, while snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites showed improved moduli. Optimal values were obtained for flexural and tensile strengths at 15 and 18 wt%, respectively, while flexural and tensile moduli were optimal at 12 and 15 wt%, respectively. Eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites demonstrated an optimal impact strength value of 21.81 J/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, while snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites showed optimal results in all other properties mostly at 20 wt%. Conclusively, the use of snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particles was found to be more effective than eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particles for enhancing the properties of epoxy-based composites for structural applications while particulate reinforcement content within the range of 12–20 wt% are responsible for optimum performances.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140936946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1177/09673911241251620
Ben Smida Nourhene, Othmani Abdelhak, Abderrahim Raoudha
We used, in this work, a potentially effective adsorbent for removing nickel (Ni2+) from wastewater, employing modified polystyrene; the di-acylated polystyrene with iminoether (DIPS-N-Ac-Imi). The product was utilized for the adsorption of Ni(II) from waste water at ambient temperature. The di-acylated polystyrene with iminoether DIPS-N-Ac-Imi and DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, the percentage of adsorption of DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ was determined via atomic absorption spectroscopy. An electrical study of DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ was performed using Impedance Spectroscopy, revealing a stimulated thermal conduction mechanism. Based on conductivity analyses, the activation energy was deduced from the Arrhenius diagram and corresponded to Ea = 1.07 eV, which suggests that DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ is a proton-type semiconductor.
在这项工作中，我们利用改性聚苯乙烯（含亚胺醚的二乙酰化聚苯乙烯（DIPS-N-Ac-Imi））作为去除废水中镍（Ni2+）的潜在有效吸附剂。该产品用于在常温下吸附废水中的镍（II）。使用红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重仪和 X 射线衍射（XRD）对含亚胺醚的二乙酰化聚苯乙烯 DIPS-N-Ac-Imi 和 DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ 进行了表征。随后，通过原子吸收光谱测定了 DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ 的吸附百分比。利用阻抗光谱对 DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ 进行了电学研究，发现了一种受激热传导机制。根据电导率分析，从阿伦尼乌斯图推断出活化能为 Ea = 1.07 eV，这表明 DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ 是一种质子型半导体。
{"title":"Preparation of inexpensive modified polystyrene with adipoyl chloride and N-benzimidazole iminoesther for the removal of Ni2+ and study of the impedance and conductivity of the obtained complex","authors":"Ben Smida Nourhene, Othmani Abdelhak, Abderrahim Raoudha","doi":"10.1177/09673911241251620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241251620","url":null,"abstract":"We used, in this work, a potentially effective adsorbent for removing nickel (Ni<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>) from wastewater, employing modified polystyrene; the di-acylated polystyrene with iminoether (DIPS-N-Ac-Imi). The product was utilized for the adsorption of Ni(II) from waste water at ambient temperature. The di-acylated polystyrene with iminoether DIPS-N-Ac-Imi and DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, the percentage of adsorption of DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> was determined via atomic absorption spectroscopy. An electrical study of DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> was performed using Impedance Spectroscopy, revealing a stimulated thermal conduction mechanism. Based on conductivity analyses, the activation energy was deduced from the Arrhenius diagram and corresponded to Ea = 1.07 eV, which suggests that DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> is a proton-type semiconductor.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.1177/09673911241248420
Jianzhang Xiao, Ning Gao, Guifeng Wang, Pengcheng Huang, Jiabo He
A numerical-analytical approach was utilized to construct a predictive model of cutting force for machining unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (UD-CFRP) laminates. The force coefficients in the model, which include friction angle, shear plane angle, shear strength, and rebound height, can be characterized by the fiber orientations ranging from 0° to 180°. The accuracy of the model was confirmed through experimental verification. The results indicate good agreement between the predicted and experimental values, with relative errors below 14.8%, except for the thrust force at 90°. Additionally, the study examined the influence of rake angle and flank angle on the cutting force, revealing two critical points in the predicted cutting force curve throughout the fiber orientation. These turning points shifted with changes in the rake angle. For instance, the value of the first critical point changes from 60° to 45° when the rake angle range shifts from [0°, 5°] to [10°, 15°]. This indicates that a larger rake angle facilitated an earlier transformation of chip formation mode, leading to a decrease in cutting force. Furthermore, the cutting force decreased as the rake angle increased between the two turning points. The impact of the flank angle on the cutting force was determined to be minimal, and the turning points’ positions remained consistent as the flank angle increased.
{"title":"Force coefficient characterization in machining of UD-CFRP using numerical-analytical approach","authors":"Jianzhang Xiao, Ning Gao, Guifeng Wang, Pengcheng Huang, Jiabo He","doi":"10.1177/09673911241248420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241248420","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical-analytical approach was utilized to construct a predictive model of cutting force for machining unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (UD-CFRP) laminates. The force coefficients in the model, which include friction angle, shear plane angle, shear strength, and rebound height, can be characterized by the fiber orientations ranging from 0° to 180°. The accuracy of the model was confirmed through experimental verification. The results indicate good agreement between the predicted and experimental values, with relative errors below 14.8%, except for the thrust force at 90°. Additionally, the study examined the influence of rake angle and flank angle on the cutting force, revealing two critical points in the predicted cutting force curve throughout the fiber orientation. These turning points shifted with changes in the rake angle. For instance, the value of the first critical point changes from 60° to 45° when the rake angle range shifts from [0°, 5°] to [10°, 15°]. This indicates that a larger rake angle facilitated an earlier transformation of chip formation mode, leading to a decrease in cutting force. Furthermore, the cutting force decreased as the rake angle increased between the two turning points. The impact of the flank angle on the cutting force was determined to be minimal, and the turning points’ positions remained consistent as the flank angle increased.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140628145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The absence of an effective technique for the individual separation of plastics within a plastic mixture remains a paramount concern in the domain of plastic waste management. Recently introduced, the floatation technique has emerged as a method for segregating specific plastics, such as polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), from mixed waste streams. This separation process involves the utilization of traditional dual depressants (chemical agents). The study investigated the impact of pre-microwave irradiation of plastic surfaces at varying microwave output powers (20-100%) on the floatation behavior of each plastic. Additionally, the influence of depressant concentration (200-1600 mg/L) on plastic floatation was examined. The results revealed that pre-microwave irradiation at different output powers and varying depressant concentrations significantly affected the sink-float behavior of the studied plastics, with the exception of PET. It was observed that the microwave irradiation altered the number and type of active sites on the plastics' surfaces. Notably, there was no discernible regular trend in the flotation of plastic with an increase in microwave output power. The outcomes were substantiated by conventional identification techniques, including contact angle (θ) measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra analysis. Equations derived through the use of the design of experiment software (Design-Expert®) demonstrated a commendable alignment between the predicted and actual values of plastic flotation. This underscores the efficacy of the applied methodology in forecasting and validating the outcomes of the floatation process.
缺乏一种有效的技术来单独分离塑料混合物中的塑料，这仍然是塑料废物管理领域的一个首要问题。最近推出的浮选技术已成为从混合废物流中分离特定塑料（如聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）和聚氯乙烯（PVC））的一种方法。这种分离过程需要使用传统的双减压剂（化学制剂）。研究调查了在不同微波输出功率（20%-100%）下对塑料表面进行预微波辐照对每种塑料的浮选行为的影响。此外，还研究了抑制剂浓度（200-1600 毫克/升）对塑料漂浮的影响。结果表明，不同输出功率的预微波辐照和不同浓度的抑制剂会显著影响所研究塑料的沉浮行为，但 PET 除外。据观察，微波辐照改变了塑料表面活性位点的数量和类型。值得注意的是，随着微波输出功率的增加，塑料的浮选没有明显的规律性趋势。传统的鉴定技术，包括接触角 (θ)测量、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 图像和衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱 (ATR-FTIR) 分析，都证实了上述结果。通过使用实验设计软件（Design-Expert®）得出的方程式表明，塑料浮选的预测值和实际值之间的一致性值得称赞。这凸显了所应用方法在预测和验证浮选过程结果方面的功效。
{"title":"Application of a dual depressant system and microwave irradiation for flotation-based Separation of Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polyvinyl Chloride, and Polystyrene Plastics","authors":"Salva Jabbari, Saeed Ostad Movahed, Shahab Jourabchi","doi":"10.1177/09673911241248418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241248418","url":null,"abstract":"The absence of an effective technique for the individual separation of plastics within a plastic mixture remains a paramount concern in the domain of plastic waste management. Recently introduced, the floatation technique has emerged as a method for segregating specific plastics, such as polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), from mixed waste streams. This separation process involves the utilization of traditional dual depressants (chemical agents). The study investigated the impact of pre-microwave irradiation of plastic surfaces at varying microwave output powers (20-100%) on the floatation behavior of each plastic. Additionally, the influence of depressant concentration (200-1600 mg/L) on plastic floatation was examined. The results revealed that pre-microwave irradiation at different output powers and varying depressant concentrations significantly affected the sink-float behavior of the studied plastics, with the exception of PET. It was observed that the microwave irradiation altered the number and type of active sites on the plastics' surfaces. Notably, there was no discernible regular trend in the flotation of plastic with an increase in microwave output power. The outcomes were substantiated by conventional identification techniques, including contact angle (θ) measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra analysis. Equations derived through the use of the design of experiment software (Design-Expert®) demonstrated a commendable alignment between the predicted and actual values of plastic flotation. This underscores the efficacy of the applied methodology in forecasting and validating the outcomes of the floatation process.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on the experimental characterization and micromechanical modeling of thermoplastic cork filler composites. The research investigates the influence of granule size on the mechanical properties of composites made with a polypropylene matrix and cork granulates. Tensile, compressive, flexural, and Charpy impact tests are conducted according to ASTM standards to assess the mechanical behavior of the Cork/Polypropylene composites with different size of cork granulates (2 mm, 0.5 mm and 50 μm). Additionally, a micromechanical model is developed to provide numerical insights into the composite’s mechanical properties. Results indicate that the use of smaller cork granules (50 μm) significantly enhances tensile, compressive, and flexural properties, while maintaining Charpy impact resistance comparable to the matrix material. The Young’s Modulus exhibits an augmentation of approximately 28%, the flexural modulus demonstrates a 10% increase, and the compressive modulus manifests a notable rise of 47.7%. One-way ANOVA analysis is employed to establish the statistical significance of granule size on the modulus. Numerical simulations reveal that the spherical morphology of fillers induces isotropic characteristics in cork composite materials.
{"title":"Micromechanical modeling and experimental characterization of thermoplastic cork filler composites","authors":"Faiza Benabdallah, Imen Safra, Kaouther Ghachem, Norah Alwadai, Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1177/09673911241246625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241246625","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the experimental characterization and micromechanical modeling of thermoplastic cork filler composites. The research investigates the influence of granule size on the mechanical properties of composites made with a polypropylene matrix and cork granulates. Tensile, compressive, flexural, and Charpy impact tests are conducted according to ASTM standards to assess the mechanical behavior of the Cork/Polypropylene composites with different size of cork granulates (2 mm, 0.5 mm and 50 μm). Additionally, a micromechanical model is developed to provide numerical insights into the composite’s mechanical properties. Results indicate that the use of smaller cork granules (50 μm) significantly enhances tensile, compressive, and flexural properties, while maintaining Charpy impact resistance comparable to the matrix material. The Young’s Modulus exhibits an augmentation of approximately 28%, the flexural modulus demonstrates a 10% increase, and the compressive modulus manifests a notable rise of 47.7%. One-way ANOVA analysis is employed to establish the statistical significance of granule size on the modulus. Numerical simulations reveal that the spherical morphology of fillers induces isotropic characteristics in cork composite materials.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research effort employs glycolysed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste as a precursor for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin (rUPR). This resin is then used for manufacturing composites that are reinforced with jute fibres using the sheet moulding compound technique. The limited crosslinking of styrene in the rUPR was elucidated using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The elevated exothermic reaction energy of 1152 kJ and the clearly identifiable peak observed at 1620 cm−1 in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum provided substantial evidence for this phenomenon. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the recycled unsaturated polyester resin (rUPR) demonstrated a higher level of amorphous nature This observation can be attributed to reduced viscosity and enhanced ductility of rUPR. The utilisation of the rUPR as a matrix material has shown significant effectiveness in enhancing the tensile and flexural properties of composites reinforced with jute fibres. Thereby, the objective of this research is to develop a thermoset resin using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rUPR) waste material for identification its suitability in manufacturing composites with jute fibres as reinforcement.
{"title":"Using polyethylene terephthalate bottle waste as a viable precursor for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin in fabrication of jute fibre reinforced composites","authors":"Devarun Nath, Debasish Das, Santanu Chattopadhyay, Sudipta Sekhar Mahish, Mallika Datta","doi":"10.1177/09673911241233171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911241233171","url":null,"abstract":"The present research effort employs glycolysed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste as a precursor for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin (rUPR). This resin is then used for manufacturing composites that are reinforced with jute fibres using the sheet moulding compound technique. The limited crosslinking of styrene in the rUPR was elucidated using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The elevated exothermic reaction energy of 1152 kJ and the clearly identifiable peak observed at 1620 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum provided substantial evidence for this phenomenon. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the recycled unsaturated polyester resin (rUPR) demonstrated a higher level of amorphous nature This observation can be attributed to reduced viscosity and enhanced ductility of rUPR. The utilisation of the rUPR as a matrix material has shown significant effectiveness in enhancing the tensile and flexural properties of composites reinforced with jute fibres. Thereby, the objective of this research is to develop a thermoset resin using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rUPR) waste material for identification its suitability in manufacturing composites with jute fibres as reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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