Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1177/09673911231161983
Artunç Alptekin, H. Callioglu
In recent years, one of the main challenges is to improve the mechanical performance of bio-composites to be used as structural parts for the construction, automotive, and aviation sector. This paper may contribute to developing durable structural bio-composite parts with starch addition. The mechanical properties of bio-composites reinforced by eucalyptus or pine fibers (48 wt %) compound with Cationic Starch (48 wt %) and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (4 wt %) were determined. The production method was a combination of molded pulp, extrusion, and compression molding production techniques. To see the effect of adding starch to bio-composites and different production methods, the mechanical performance of these natural fibers produced by the conventional molded pulp production method (without any additives) was also found and compared with the composite samples. Composite samples indicate significantly better tensile, flexural, and compressive values, at least four times, compared with the molded pulp samples. On the other hand, the molded pulp samples had more than 2 times better impact characteristics against composites. Using molded pulp technic in composite production (investigated in the study) is a new idea and may give some opportunities with its serial production compatibility and geometry freeness, to the industry.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of starch bio-composite and molded pulp samples manufactured using pine and eucalyptus fibers","authors":"Artunç Alptekin, H. Callioglu","doi":"10.1177/09673911231161983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231161983","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, one of the main challenges is to improve the mechanical performance of bio-composites to be used as structural parts for the construction, automotive, and aviation sector. This paper may contribute to developing durable structural bio-composite parts with starch addition. The mechanical properties of bio-composites reinforced by eucalyptus or pine fibers (48 wt %) compound with Cationic Starch (48 wt %) and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (4 wt %) were determined. The production method was a combination of molded pulp, extrusion, and compression molding production techniques. To see the effect of adding starch to bio-composites and different production methods, the mechanical performance of these natural fibers produced by the conventional molded pulp production method (without any additives) was also found and compared with the composite samples. Composite samples indicate significantly better tensile, flexural, and compressive values, at least four times, compared with the molded pulp samples. On the other hand, the molded pulp samples had more than 2 times better impact characteristics against composites. Using molded pulp technic in composite production (investigated in the study) is a new idea and may give some opportunities with its serial production compatibility and geometry freeness, to the industry.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.1177/09673911231162800
CP Allais, Pjs Foot, RJ Singer
Nanoparticles and sub-microparticles of the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI), polyanisidine (PoANIS) and their copolymers were synthesised, deprotonated and dispersed in viscous media in order to study the influence of their synthetic conditions and of steric stabilisers (cellulose-based materials) on the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of the polymers. Electrorheological (ER) measurements were performed and related to the polymer properties. The polymer particles had various loadings of stabilisers, depending on the polymer/stabiliser interactions and the stabiliser concentration. When stabilised with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), the PANI particles contained traces of HEC, while PoANIS, less stabilised by the electron-rich HEC molecules, did not. Stabilised PANI-HEC synthesised at 0°C readily formed small fibres that, when deprotonated, displayed a large electrorheological response (yield stress ca. 800 Pa at 3.2 kV.mm−1). PoANIS prepared under the same conditions yielded a polydisperse cenospheric material with no ER activity.
{"title":"Morphology-controlled stabilised polyaniline nanoparticles and their electrorheological properties","authors":"CP Allais, Pjs Foot, RJ Singer","doi":"10.1177/09673911231162800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231162800","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles and sub-microparticles of the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI), polyanisidine (PoANIS) and their copolymers were synthesised, deprotonated and dispersed in viscous media in order to study the influence of their synthetic conditions and of steric stabilisers (cellulose-based materials) on the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of the polymers. Electrorheological (ER) measurements were performed and related to the polymer properties. The polymer particles had various loadings of stabilisers, depending on the polymer/stabiliser interactions and the stabiliser concentration. When stabilised with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), the PANI particles contained traces of HEC, while PoANIS, less stabilised by the electron-rich HEC molecules, did not. Stabilised PANI-HEC synthesised at 0°C readily formed small fibres that, when deprotonated, displayed a large electrorheological response (yield stress ca. 800 Pa at 3.2 kV.mm−1). PoANIS prepared under the same conditions yielded a polydisperse cenospheric material with no ER activity.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87417158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1177/09673911231158995
K. Shahapurkar, M. Kiran, M. Alamir, V. Tirth, I. Alarifi, Venkatesh Chenrayan
Quasi static compressive response of crumb rubber-epoxy composites was examined by varying the crumb rubber composition (0, 10, 20 and 30 vol.%). All the composites, irrespective of the strain rates, depict elastic regions tailed by a wide plateau area that is credited with the densification of rubber particulates. Higher strains to failure of composites were revealed as compared with neat epoxy signifying higher energy absorption ability of constituents. The modulus of elasticity of composites was noted to be lower than neat epoxy specimens, irrespective of the strain rates. Irrespective of strain rates, the strength of all the composites were inferior to neat epoxy specimens. Energy absorption of EC-30 was higher compared to EC-20 and EC-10 and noted to be increased in the range of 6–14% for 0.1 mm/min strain rate while it increases in the range of 5–9% for 0.01 mm/min strain rate, respectively. Rubber-toughening mechanism was credited with the increase in energy absorption of composites. Higher energy absorption of composites was mainly due to higher strain realisation indicating more deformation ability. Fracture features of specimens were analysed by scanning electron microscope.
{"title":"Quasi-static compressive behaviour of epoxy composites reinforced with crumb rubber","authors":"K. Shahapurkar, M. Kiran, M. Alamir, V. Tirth, I. Alarifi, Venkatesh Chenrayan","doi":"10.1177/09673911231158995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231158995","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi static compressive response of crumb rubber-epoxy composites was examined by varying the crumb rubber composition (0, 10, 20 and 30 vol.%). All the composites, irrespective of the strain rates, depict elastic regions tailed by a wide plateau area that is credited with the densification of rubber particulates. Higher strains to failure of composites were revealed as compared with neat epoxy signifying higher energy absorption ability of constituents. The modulus of elasticity of composites was noted to be lower than neat epoxy specimens, irrespective of the strain rates. Irrespective of strain rates, the strength of all the composites were inferior to neat epoxy specimens. Energy absorption of EC-30 was higher compared to EC-20 and EC-10 and noted to be increased in the range of 6–14% for 0.1 mm/min strain rate while it increases in the range of 5–9% for 0.01 mm/min strain rate, respectively. Rubber-toughening mechanism was credited with the increase in energy absorption of composites. Higher energy absorption of composites was mainly due to higher strain realisation indicating more deformation ability. Fracture features of specimens were analysed by scanning electron microscope.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81479330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1177/09673911231158999
Yang Liu, Hai-tao Zhao, S. Dong, Xiaoguang Zhao, Yahui Peng, Jian Chen
In this paper, the modulus prediction of NP-C/C is completed by establishing a multiscale finite element model, and the influence weight analysis of the modulus is carried out by using the analytical homogenization method. Firstly, three Micro-RVE, including unidirectional composites, short fiber reinforced composites and porous matrix, are established to characterize the layers of NP-C/C. Then, the finite element model is used for homogenization and passed upward into Meso-RVE, and the modulus prediction is completed. Finally, the analytical homogenization method is used combined with the MATLAB® script to analyze the influence weight of the modulus by adjusting the parameters. The results show that the average errors of stiffness coefficient prediction values obtained based on the analytical homogenization method are only 6.0% relative to the experimental values, which are lower than 25.3% of the finite element model. The modulus prediction method given in this study does not need to establish a micromechanical model with complex structure, and can be directly completed by computer script when the prediction accuracy is met, which is simple and feasible.
{"title":"Multiscale model construction and modulus prediction of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites","authors":"Yang Liu, Hai-tao Zhao, S. Dong, Xiaoguang Zhao, Yahui Peng, Jian Chen","doi":"10.1177/09673911231158999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231158999","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the modulus prediction of NP-C/C is completed by establishing a multiscale finite element model, and the influence weight analysis of the modulus is carried out by using the analytical homogenization method. Firstly, three Micro-RVE, including unidirectional composites, short fiber reinforced composites and porous matrix, are established to characterize the layers of NP-C/C. Then, the finite element model is used for homogenization and passed upward into Meso-RVE, and the modulus prediction is completed. Finally, the analytical homogenization method is used combined with the MATLAB® script to analyze the influence weight of the modulus by adjusting the parameters. The results show that the average errors of stiffness coefficient prediction values obtained based on the analytical homogenization method are only 6.0% relative to the experimental values, which are lower than 25.3% of the finite element model. The modulus prediction method given in this study does not need to establish a micromechanical model with complex structure, and can be directly completed by computer script when the prediction accuracy is met, which is simple and feasible.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83234036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.1177/09673911231151506
Tayebeh Modiri-Delshad, A. Ramazani, M. Khoobi, H. Akbari Javar, T. Akbari, M. Amin
Development of novel antimicrobial phytochemical-bearing nanofibrous mats could be considered as a promising strategy to overcome against antibiotic resistance in wound healing. In this work, the electrospinning process was used to successfully create novel antimicrobial nanofiber mats made of a blend of electrospun chitosan/polycaprolactone (CS/PCL) loaded with M. communis leaf extract (MCLE) (15 and 30 wt.%). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, water contact angle (WCA) testing, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and mechanical properties testing were applied to evaluate physicochemical properties of the nanofiber mats. The FESEM images showed uniform, bead-free, and smooth nanofiber mats with good compatibility between MCLE and polymers. Image J software was used to calculate the average diameters of nanofibrous mats, and the average diameter increased significantly as the extract concentration increased. The existence of MCLE in the nanofibrous mats was verified by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis. The tensile strength of the nanofiber mats was satisfactory (6.31–12.47 MPa). The incorporation of MCLE in CS/PCL nanofibers enhanced the scaffold’s hydrophilicity, as evidenced by a reduction in contact angle. Significant reduction up to 0.5 log of both Escherichia ( E.) coli and Staphylococcus aureus count was observed upon exposure to CS/PCL nanofibers. The MCLE (15 and 30 wt.%)-incorporated CS/PCL nanofibers demonstrated a significant reduction of bacterial count up to 0.8 log for both bacteria. The results demonstrated that manufactured nanofibers could be considered as a promising dressing in wound dressing.
{"title":"Fabrication of chitosan/polycaprolactone/Myrtus communis L. extract nanofibrous mats with enhanced antibacterial activities","authors":"Tayebeh Modiri-Delshad, A. Ramazani, M. Khoobi, H. Akbari Javar, T. Akbari, M. Amin","doi":"10.1177/09673911231151506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231151506","url":null,"abstract":"Development of novel antimicrobial phytochemical-bearing nanofibrous mats could be considered as a promising strategy to overcome against antibiotic resistance in wound healing. In this work, the electrospinning process was used to successfully create novel antimicrobial nanofiber mats made of a blend of electrospun chitosan/polycaprolactone (CS/PCL) loaded with M. communis leaf extract (MCLE) (15 and 30 wt.%). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, water contact angle (WCA) testing, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and mechanical properties testing were applied to evaluate physicochemical properties of the nanofiber mats. The FESEM images showed uniform, bead-free, and smooth nanofiber mats with good compatibility between MCLE and polymers. Image J software was used to calculate the average diameters of nanofibrous mats, and the average diameter increased significantly as the extract concentration increased. The existence of MCLE in the nanofibrous mats was verified by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis. The tensile strength of the nanofiber mats was satisfactory (6.31–12.47 MPa). The incorporation of MCLE in CS/PCL nanofibers enhanced the scaffold’s hydrophilicity, as evidenced by a reduction in contact angle. Significant reduction up to 0.5 log of both Escherichia ( E.) coli and Staphylococcus aureus count was observed upon exposure to CS/PCL nanofibers. The MCLE (15 and 30 wt.%)-incorporated CS/PCL nanofibers demonstrated a significant reduction of bacterial count up to 0.8 log for both bacteria. The results demonstrated that manufactured nanofibers could be considered as a promising dressing in wound dressing.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81803354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.1177/09673911231154071
Doaa S Mahmoud, AE Elsayed, AA Reffaee, D. El-Nashar
In this work, novel potassium methyl siliconate (PMS) was employed as a new nano-type antioxidant for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). NBR/PMS composites were produced by incorporating various contents of the prepared compound as anti-ageing agents (PMS) to improve the heat resistance of these composites. Potassium methyl siliconate (PMS) was prepared, and its chemical structure was confirmed by different elemental analyses. The curing properties, filler dispersion, thermo-oxidative ageing test, mechanical properties, FTIR, and TGA of the NBR/PMS composites were evaluated. It was detected by TEM images of PMS. The particles had a rhombic shape, and the particle size ranged from 1.23 nm to 7.84 nm. PMS could successfully promote the interfacial interaction between rubber and filler and the uniform dispersion of silica particles into the NBR matrix. As a result, the mechanical characteristics of the NBR/PMS composites were significantly improved, and they were superior to those of the NBR/TMQ composites with similar filler contents. Furthermore, the crosslinking density of the NBR composites was reduced after adding PMS (an antioxidant), which had a great effect on the mechanical properties. The results exhibited that PMS dramatically enhanced the solvent extraction resistance and the thermo-oxidative ageing resistance of NBR/silica composites more efficiently than TMQ. Overall, this work extended the application scope of PMS to develop novel and effective antioxidants for elastomers.
{"title":"Novel prepared nano potassium methyl siliconate as antioxidant for nitrile rubber","authors":"Doaa S Mahmoud, AE Elsayed, AA Reffaee, D. El-Nashar","doi":"10.1177/09673911231154071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231154071","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, novel potassium methyl siliconate (PMS) was employed as a new nano-type antioxidant for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). NBR/PMS composites were produced by incorporating various contents of the prepared compound as anti-ageing agents (PMS) to improve the heat resistance of these composites. Potassium methyl siliconate (PMS) was prepared, and its chemical structure was confirmed by different elemental analyses. The curing properties, filler dispersion, thermo-oxidative ageing test, mechanical properties, FTIR, and TGA of the NBR/PMS composites were evaluated. It was detected by TEM images of PMS. The particles had a rhombic shape, and the particle size ranged from 1.23 nm to 7.84 nm. PMS could successfully promote the interfacial interaction between rubber and filler and the uniform dispersion of silica particles into the NBR matrix. As a result, the mechanical characteristics of the NBR/PMS composites were significantly improved, and they were superior to those of the NBR/TMQ composites with similar filler contents. Furthermore, the crosslinking density of the NBR composites was reduced after adding PMS (an antioxidant), which had a great effect on the mechanical properties. The results exhibited that PMS dramatically enhanced the solvent extraction resistance and the thermo-oxidative ageing resistance of NBR/silica composites more efficiently than TMQ. Overall, this work extended the application scope of PMS to develop novel and effective antioxidants for elastomers.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75339430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1177/09673911221150132
F. Doronin, G. Rytikov, A. Evdokimov, Yury V Ruduak, V. G. Nazarov
The paper investigates the effect of bulk and surface modification on the adhesive and tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and shows that bulk modification with nano- and micro-sized modifiers (montmorillonite, shungite, exfoliated graphite) mainly reduces the friction coefficient but leads to a decrease in the wear resistance of the corresponding composites. It is found that gas-phase surface fluorination provides an increase in the wear resistance of experimental samples in all cases due to a combination of nanotexturing and chemomorphological transformations of the surface layers of the modified polymers. The significant dependence of the nanotexture on the technique and mode of modification is demonstrated using the original approaches to the quantitative characterization of the experimental samples’ surfaces’ scanning electron microscopy-images (formed with the scanning electron microscope). It is shown that the surface fluorination not only makes possible to significantly compensate for the increase of the friction coefficient of bulk-modified UHMWPE in comparison with the original one but also provides a nonlinear multiplicative increase in the wear resistance.
{"title":"The synergistic effect of bulk-surface modification onto the wear resistance of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene","authors":"F. Doronin, G. Rytikov, A. Evdokimov, Yury V Ruduak, V. G. Nazarov","doi":"10.1177/09673911221150132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911221150132","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the effect of bulk and surface modification on the adhesive and tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and shows that bulk modification with nano- and micro-sized modifiers (montmorillonite, shungite, exfoliated graphite) mainly reduces the friction coefficient but leads to a decrease in the wear resistance of the corresponding composites. It is found that gas-phase surface fluorination provides an increase in the wear resistance of experimental samples in all cases due to a combination of nanotexturing and chemomorphological transformations of the surface layers of the modified polymers. The significant dependence of the nanotexture on the technique and mode of modification is demonstrated using the original approaches to the quantitative characterization of the experimental samples’ surfaces’ scanning electron microscopy-images (formed with the scanning electron microscope). It is shown that the surface fluorination not only makes possible to significantly compensate for the increase of the friction coefficient of bulk-modified UHMWPE in comparison with the original one but also provides a nonlinear multiplicative increase in the wear resistance.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77789199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.1177/09673911221147702
M. Jalalah, Sumra Zulfiqar, Ayesha Afzal, Zubair Khaliq, M. B. Qadir, A. Abid, M. Faisal, M. Alsaiari, Muhammad Irfan, F. Harraz
Natural fiber reinforced composites (NFCs) are a promising replacement for conventional wood materials in furniture and households. However, the flammability of natural fibers limits their practical application. The composite matrix structure can be modified to enhance flame resistance. In this study, eco-friendly and cost-effective fire-retardants (FRs), micro-integrated Triphenyl Phosphate (m-TPP), and Aluminum Trihydroxide (ATH) were added physically in different concentrations to the epoxy resins (EPs). Underwriter Laboratories 94 (UL-94) flammability test revealed that the fire resistance of FR epoxy, EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3%, increased by increasing the TPP quantity with the highest V-0 rating. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a better internal structure of EP100%. However, no char residue was observed for EP100%. The highest char residue was found for EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3%, which confirmed its highest FR resistance. However, EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3% showed poor tensile, flexural, and compressional strengths. The m-TPP was a better FR than ATH. However, the mechanical stability of FR samples containing ATH is better than those containing m-TPP. Also, the addition of FRs reduced the tensile and flexural strengths; however, the compressional strength and modulus were significantly improved, which implied a potential use in the furniture industry.
{"title":"Microencapsulation based fire retardant eco-friendly jute composite","authors":"M. Jalalah, Sumra Zulfiqar, Ayesha Afzal, Zubair Khaliq, M. B. Qadir, A. Abid, M. Faisal, M. Alsaiari, Muhammad Irfan, F. Harraz","doi":"10.1177/09673911221147702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911221147702","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fiber reinforced composites (NFCs) are a promising replacement for conventional wood materials in furniture and households. However, the flammability of natural fibers limits their practical application. The composite matrix structure can be modified to enhance flame resistance. In this study, eco-friendly and cost-effective fire-retardants (FRs), micro-integrated Triphenyl Phosphate (m-TPP), and Aluminum Trihydroxide (ATH) were added physically in different concentrations to the epoxy resins (EPs). Underwriter Laboratories 94 (UL-94) flammability test revealed that the fire resistance of FR epoxy, EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3%, increased by increasing the TPP quantity with the highest V-0 rating. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a better internal structure of EP100%. However, no char residue was observed for EP100%. The highest char residue was found for EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3%, which confirmed its highest FR resistance. However, EP88%m-TPP9%ATH3% showed poor tensile, flexural, and compressional strengths. The m-TPP was a better FR than ATH. However, the mechanical stability of FR samples containing ATH is better than those containing m-TPP. Also, the addition of FRs reduced the tensile and flexural strengths; however, the compressional strength and modulus were significantly improved, which implied a potential use in the furniture industry.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88637063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1177/09673911221150145
A. Anil, Tomlal Jose E, Gejo George
This work investigates the dynamic mechanical properties (DMA) and ageing behavior of coir-sisal yarn reinforced polypropylene commingled composites. Moreover, the fibres were subjected to various chemical treatments and their effects on DMA and ageing studies were investigated. DMA reveals that the chemical treatment, especially MAPP treatment, enhances the storage and loss modulus values on the other hand it diminishes the mechanical damping coefficient (tan δ) of the composite. Diffusion studies indicates that treated composites shows a much lower apparent percentage weight gain compared to other treated ones. Solar ageing studies shows that accelerated solar ageing deteriorated tensile strength and modulus of PP/coir-sisal yarn composite.
{"title":"Dynamic mechanical properties and ageing studies of coir-sisal yarn reinforced polypropylene commingled composites","authors":"A. Anil, Tomlal Jose E, Gejo George","doi":"10.1177/09673911221150145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911221150145","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the dynamic mechanical properties (DMA) and ageing behavior of coir-sisal yarn reinforced polypropylene commingled composites. Moreover, the fibres were subjected to various chemical treatments and their effects on DMA and ageing studies were investigated. DMA reveals that the chemical treatment, especially MAPP treatment, enhances the storage and loss modulus values on the other hand it diminishes the mechanical damping coefficient (tan δ) of the composite. Diffusion studies indicates that treated composites shows a much lower apparent percentage weight gain compared to other treated ones. Solar ageing studies shows that accelerated solar ageing deteriorated tensile strength and modulus of PP/coir-sisal yarn composite.","PeriodicalId":20417,"journal":{"name":"Polymers and Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89646418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/09673911221102287
M. A. Semsarzadeh, Arezoo Sh Dadkhah, A. Sabzevari
The poly (phenylene oxide)-block-poly (hexyl isocyanate) copolymers (PPO-b-PHIC)s were synthesized in various ratios of blocks using the organotitanium coordination method at room temperature. The copolymer particles were prepared by precipitation of concentrated solution of the copolymers in non-solvent under stirring. The synthesized copolymers and their particles were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of block ratio on the anisotropic-isotropic transition and liquid crystal texture of copolymers as a function of temperature and concentration of the solution was investigated. The polymeric particles tend to be aligned along the fibrillar direction by increasing the block ratio of amide in the copolymer.
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