Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330547
Aondowase Targba, Ugba Dajo
The paper examined the effects of small-scale stone quarrying on poverty reduction among youths in Zamfara State. The paper is based on the argument that small-scale stone quarrying has the potentials to reduce poverty in low income settings. Zamfara is one of the poorest states in Nigeria where youths are engaged in small-scale quarrying. The paper examined the extent to which smallscale quarrying has been able to reduced poverty among youths in the State. The sample size of the study comprised of 400 respondents. Structured interview was used as the primary instrument of data collection. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select quarry sites while simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected was presented in tables and percentages for better understanding. The outcome of the study revealed that youths between ages of 26-35 years were actively involved in small-scale stone quarrying in Zamfara State. The study found out that small-scale stone quarrying had a positive effect on poverty reduction among youths in Zamfara State. This is because after joining small-scale stone quarrying, majority of youths had improved access to food, healthcare facilities, housing, sleeping materials, clothing Original Research Article Targba and Dajo; AJAEES, 39(3): 75-84, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.62054 76 and ownership of means of transportation. The major factors limiting youth involvement in smallscale stone quarrying were lack of modern quarrying equipment, absence of personal protective gadgets and ignorance about government regulations in the mining industry. The study therefore recommends that government should assist quarry workers with modern quarry equipment, personal protective gadgets and sensitization on government regulations in the mining industry.
{"title":"The Effects of Small-scale Stone Quarrying on Poverty Reduction among Youths in Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"Aondowase Targba, Ugba Dajo","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330547","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined the effects of small-scale stone quarrying on poverty reduction among youths in Zamfara State. The paper is based on the argument that small-scale stone quarrying has the potentials to reduce poverty in low income settings. Zamfara is one of the poorest states in Nigeria where youths are engaged in small-scale quarrying. The paper examined the extent to which smallscale quarrying has been able to reduced poverty among youths in the State. The sample size of the study comprised of 400 respondents. Structured interview was used as the primary instrument of data collection. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select quarry sites while simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected was presented in tables and percentages for better understanding. The outcome of the study revealed that youths between ages of 26-35 years were actively involved in small-scale stone quarrying in Zamfara State. The study found out that small-scale stone quarrying had a positive effect on poverty reduction among youths in Zamfara State. This is because after joining small-scale stone quarrying, majority of youths had improved access to food, healthcare facilities, housing, sleeping materials, clothing Original Research Article Targba and Dajo; AJAEES, 39(3): 75-84, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.62054 76 and ownership of means of transportation. The major factors limiting youth involvement in smallscale stone quarrying were lack of modern quarrying equipment, absence of personal protective gadgets and ignorance about government regulations in the mining industry. The study therefore recommends that government should assist quarry workers with modern quarry equipment, personal protective gadgets and sensitization on government regulations in the mining industry.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126481420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330546
E. Ikuemonisan, A. E. Akinbola
The growing demand for cassava and its products has continued to stretch the supply of cassava globally. Nigeria is a leading producer of cassava in the world yet, there are concerns that if appropriate policy strategies are not adopted to increase production, the current fragile situation of food insecurity in Nigeria may be worsened. Besides the increasing number of gigantic cassavabased industries spring up in Nigeria, the rapidly growing population of consumers is another factor that may further disrupt the relatively stable cassava market in Nigeria in the future. Therefore, “ceteris paribus”, the study determined the appropriate quantitative models to forecast the trends in cassava production indictors in Nigeria. Using the historical series (1961 – 2018), 12-year period (2019 -2030) forecasts were made for each of the production indicators as follows: 106 million tonnes (production output), 7.7 tonnes/ha (yield) and 9.6 million hectares (cropped area) in 2030. The study extrapolated the expected food supply from the expected production output in the forecast period using the 2014 FAO estimates of food supply per caput. Thus, in 2030, cassava food supply per caput was found to decline from 267 Kcal/capita/day in 2014 to 239 Kcal/capita/day. The study concludes that despite keeping the future demand of the growing cassava-based industries constant, cassava production is expected to continually increase but future food supply per caput would decline. However, the growing cassava-based industries globally is expected to hugely influence the future cassava market dynamics. Original Research Article Ikuemonisan and Akinbola; AJAEES, 39(3): 60-74, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.62102 61
{"title":"Future Trends in Cassava Production: Indicators and its Implications for Food Supply in Nigeria","authors":"E. Ikuemonisan, A. E. Akinbola","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330546","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for cassava and its products has continued to stretch the supply of cassava globally. Nigeria is a leading producer of cassava in the world yet, there are concerns that if appropriate policy strategies are not adopted to increase production, the current fragile situation of food insecurity in Nigeria may be worsened. Besides the increasing number of gigantic cassavabased industries spring up in Nigeria, the rapidly growing population of consumers is another factor that may further disrupt the relatively stable cassava market in Nigeria in the future. Therefore, “ceteris paribus”, the study determined the appropriate quantitative models to forecast the trends in cassava production indictors in Nigeria. Using the historical series (1961 – 2018), 12-year period (2019 -2030) forecasts were made for each of the production indicators as follows: 106 million tonnes (production output), 7.7 tonnes/ha (yield) and 9.6 million hectares (cropped area) in 2030. The study extrapolated the expected food supply from the expected production output in the forecast period using the 2014 FAO estimates of food supply per caput. Thus, in 2030, cassava food supply per caput was found to decline from 267 Kcal/capita/day in 2014 to 239 Kcal/capita/day. The study concludes that despite keeping the future demand of the growing cassava-based industries constant, cassava production is expected to continually increase but future food supply per caput would decline. However, the growing cassava-based industries globally is expected to hugely influence the future cassava market dynamics. Original Research Article Ikuemonisan and Akinbola; AJAEES, 39(3): 60-74, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.62102 61","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128023386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-17DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330545
P. Deka, H. Rabha, I. Ojha, P. Borah, D. Borah
The programme Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) was initiated by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s welfare, Government of India New Delhi implement CFLD on Oilseeds under National Mission on Oilseed and Oil Palm (NMOOP). During 2015-2020, KVK Udalguri had conducted CFLD on Toria on 270 ha covering 667 nos. of beneficiaries across 12 villages in the district selected purposively. The study was mainly based on primary data. The study is designed to analyse impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstration conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Udalguri on socio economic condition, adoption and technology gap, adoption pattern of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the district. The study reveals that by conducting cluster front line demonstrations of proven technologies, yield potential and net income from oilseed cultivation can be enhanced to a great extent with increase in the income level of the participating farmers. The Cluster front line demonstrations recorded higher average gross returns (Rs. 25404 /ha) and net return (Rs. 7374/ ha) with cost: benefit ratio (1.43) compared to farmers practice as net return Rs. 2421/ ha which indicates the economic feasibility of the technology. After conducting Cluster Front Line Demonstration, the highest adoption was found in selection of varieties and time of harvesting. Original Research Article Deka et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 52-59, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.66940 53
群集前线示范(CFLD)方案由印度新德里政府农业和农民福利部发起，在国家油籽和油棕榈任务(NMOOP)下实施油籽群集前线示范。在2015-2020年期间，KVK Udalguri在Toria开展了270公顷的CFLD，覆盖了该地区12个村庄的667名受益人。这项研究主要基于原始数据。该研究旨在分析Krishi Vigyan Kendra在Udalguri进行的集群前线示范对该地区社会经济状况、采用和技术差距、受益人和非受益人的采用模式的影响。研究表明，通过开展成熟技术的集群式一线示范，可以在很大程度上提高油籽种植的产量潜力和净收入，同时提高参与农民的收入水平。与农民实践相比，集群前线示范的平均总回报(25404卢比/公顷)和净回报(7374卢比/公顷)更高，成本效益比为1.43，净回报为2421卢比/公顷，这表明该技术的经济可行性。在进行集群前线示范后，发现在品种选择和收获时间方面采用率最高。Deka et al.;中国生物医学工程，39(3):52-59,2021;文章no.AJAEES。66940年53
{"title":"Impact Assessment of Cluster Front Line Demonstration on Popularization of Toria in Udalguri District of Assam","authors":"P. Deka, H. Rabha, I. Ojha, P. Borah, D. Borah","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330545","url":null,"abstract":"The programme Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) was initiated by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s welfare, Government of India New Delhi implement CFLD on Oilseeds under National Mission on Oilseed and Oil Palm (NMOOP). During 2015-2020, KVK Udalguri had conducted CFLD on Toria on 270 ha covering 667 nos. of beneficiaries across 12 villages in the district selected purposively. The study was mainly based on primary data. The study is designed to analyse impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstration conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Udalguri on socio economic condition, adoption and technology gap, adoption pattern of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the district. The study reveals that by conducting cluster front line demonstrations of proven technologies, yield potential and net income from oilseed cultivation can be enhanced to a great extent with increase in the income level of the participating farmers. The Cluster front line demonstrations recorded higher average gross returns (Rs. 25404 /ha) and net return (Rs. 7374/ ha) with cost: benefit ratio (1.43) compared to farmers practice as net return Rs. 2421/ ha which indicates the economic feasibility of the technology. After conducting Cluster Front Line Demonstration, the highest adoption was found in selection of varieties and time of harvesting. Original Research Article Deka et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 52-59, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.66940 53","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-17DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330543
P. G. Kughur, A. A. Aveuya, Y. Kuza
Information plays a very important role in agriculture in particular and life in general. Agriculture has become information-intensive; information is required for livestock and crop production. It empowers farmers to respond to market incentives, risks, and competition. Farmers access information from a variety of sources. These sources can be divided into formal and informal information networks. The study assessed extension delivery methods to farmers in Apa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting 125 respondents through survey. Primary data were collected Original Research Article Kughur et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 29-37, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.60882 30 using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that males were 74.2%, the respondents 49% were between 26 and 35 years, 61.7% were married, 52% had farm size of 6 hectares and above. About 34% earned an estimated annual income of between ₦100,000.0 and ₦500,000.0, 83.3% acquired land through inheritance and 47.5% obtained information from extension services using radio. About 50% of identified characteristics of the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were helped solve problems and 86% of constraints to the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were poor infrastructure. It is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should provide infrastructure, organize adult education for farmers and organize training to update knowledge of extension workers.
信息在农业特别是生活中起着非常重要的作用。农业已成为信息密集型;牲畜和作物生产需要信息。它使农民能够对市场激励、风险和竞争作出反应。农民从各种来源获取信息。这些来源可分为正式和非正式的信息网络。该研究评估了尼日利亚贝努埃州阿帕地方政府地区向农民提供推广服务的方法。采用分层、有目的、简单随机抽样的方法，通过问卷调查抽取125名调查对象。主要资料收集自原始研究文章Kughur et al;中国生物医学工程，39(3):29-37,2021;文章no.AJAEES。使用结构化问卷。收集的数据采用描述性统计进行分析。调查结果显示，男性占74.2%，26 - 35岁占49%，已婚占61.7%，农场面积在6公顷及以上的占52%。约34%的人估计年收入在10万至50万奈拉之间，83.3%的人通过继承获得土地，47.5%的人通过无线电获得推广服务信息。在已确定的扩展交付方法有效性特征中，约有50%被帮助解决了问题，86%的扩展交付方法有效性制约因素是基础设施不足。建议政府和非政府组织提供基础设施，为农民组织成人教育，并组织培训以更新推广工作者的知识。
{"title":"Assessment of Extension Delivery Methods to Farmers in Apa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"P. G. Kughur, A. A. Aveuya, Y. Kuza","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330543","url":null,"abstract":"Information plays a very important role in agriculture in particular and life in general. Agriculture has become information-intensive; information is required for livestock and crop production. It empowers farmers to respond to market incentives, risks, and competition. Farmers access information from a variety of sources. These sources can be divided into formal and informal information networks. The study assessed extension delivery methods to farmers in Apa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting 125 respondents through survey. Primary data were collected Original Research Article Kughur et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 29-37, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.60882 30 using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that males were 74.2%, the respondents 49% were between 26 and 35 years, 61.7% were married, 52% had farm size of 6 hectares and above. About 34% earned an estimated annual income of between ₦100,000.0 and ₦500,000.0, 83.3% acquired land through inheritance and 47.5% obtained information from extension services using radio. About 50% of identified characteristics of the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were helped solve problems and 86% of constraints to the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were poor infrastructure. It is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should provide infrastructure, organize adult education for farmers and organize training to update knowledge of extension workers.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129712597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330542
B. Soumya, B. Savitha, I. Rao
The study was conducted in erstwhile Nalgonda and Khammam districts of Telangana state, where pilot testing of the Interactive Information Dissemination System was conducted during year, 2013. The present study adopted Ex-post facto research design and one hundred and twenty respondents were selected by following simple random sampling method, at the rate of sixty from each identified district. From the results of the revealed that, greater majority of the registered farmers belonged to the middle age, had high school level of education with medium level of farming experience. It was also observed that, 56.67 percent of the farmers had medium level of Information acquisition behaviour, high innovativeness and registered farmers (66.67%) used to visit KVKs for agriculture information. Further, an attempt was made to find out the factors contributing for adoption of agro advisory services and it was observed that, level of education, annual income level, level of farming experience, level of socio-political participation, information acquisition behavior, use of ICT tool, innovativeness and access to KVKs were found to be the Original Research Article Soumya et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 21-28, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67796 22 contributing factors for adoption of the agro advisory services by the farmers. The services of the IIDS helped farmers in getting real time and personalized agro advisory services 24X7 and also facilitated them in sharing their success stories with their fellow farmers.
{"title":"Evaluating the Adoption of Agro Advisory Services Disseminated through the Interactive Information Dissemination System in the State of Telangana, India","authors":"B. Soumya, B. Savitha, I. Rao","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330542","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in erstwhile Nalgonda and Khammam districts of Telangana state, where pilot testing of the Interactive Information Dissemination System was conducted during year, 2013. The present study adopted Ex-post facto research design and one hundred and twenty respondents were selected by following simple random sampling method, at the rate of sixty from each identified district. From the results of the revealed that, greater majority of the registered farmers belonged to the middle age, had high school level of education with medium level of farming experience. It was also observed that, 56.67 percent of the farmers had medium level of Information acquisition behaviour, high innovativeness and registered farmers (66.67%) used to visit KVKs for agriculture information. Further, an attempt was made to find out the factors contributing for adoption of agro advisory services and it was observed that, level of education, annual income level, level of farming experience, level of socio-political participation, information acquisition behavior, use of ICT tool, innovativeness and access to KVKs were found to be the Original Research Article Soumya et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 21-28, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67796 22 contributing factors for adoption of the agro advisory services by the farmers. The services of the IIDS helped farmers in getting real time and personalized agro advisory services 24X7 and also facilitated them in sharing their success stories with their fellow farmers.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125790530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330540
M. Sikder, Seung Gyu Kim, M. Alam, M. R. Hoque, Mohammad Hassan
Bangladesh is facing noticeable risks to self-reliance in rice production, considering the population and its future demand, land scarcity, intensity of natural disaster, soil degradation, global warming. In Bangladesh, rice is cultivated in three seasons which are known as Aus, Aman, and Boro. Considering the year from 1971 to 2015, the area of cultivation growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -3.4 percent, -0.01 percent, and 4.29 percent, respectively. The yearly yield growth rate of Aus, Aman and Boro were 2.13 percent, 2.48 percent, and 1.8 percent, respectively and production growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -1.3 percent, 2.45 percent, and 6.9 percent, respectively. Original Research Article Sikder et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 1-14, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67653 2 During the period, overall rice cultivation area increased at the rate of 1.23 percent, the yield capacity increased at 3.42 percent. The total production increased at the rate of 4.19 percent. The yearly cultivated area growth of rice was 0.31 percent, yield growth was 2.9 percent, and production growth was 3.27 percent. The study found that Boro season rice contributed 2.29 times higher production compared to Aus, and 2.24 times to Aman.
{"title":"Production and Acreage Growth and Seasonality in Rice in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Sikder, Seung Gyu Kim, M. Alam, M. R. Hoque, Mohammad Hassan","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330540","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is facing noticeable risks to self-reliance in rice production, considering the population and its future demand, land scarcity, intensity of natural disaster, soil degradation, global warming. In Bangladesh, rice is cultivated in three seasons which are known as Aus, Aman, and Boro. Considering the year from 1971 to 2015, the area of cultivation growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -3.4 percent, -0.01 percent, and 4.29 percent, respectively. The yearly yield growth rate of Aus, Aman and Boro were 2.13 percent, 2.48 percent, and 1.8 percent, respectively and production growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -1.3 percent, 2.45 percent, and 6.9 percent, respectively. Original Research Article Sikder et al.; AJAEES, 39(3): 1-14, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67653 2 During the period, overall rice cultivation area increased at the rate of 1.23 percent, the yield capacity increased at 3.42 percent. The total production increased at the rate of 4.19 percent. The yearly cultivated area growth of rice was 0.31 percent, yield growth was 2.9 percent, and production growth was 3.27 percent. The study found that Boro season rice contributed 2.29 times higher production compared to Aus, and 2.24 times to Aman.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131106047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330541
A. Sabhaya, S. Upadhyay, P. Vekariya, B. Swaminathan
Market integration in agricultural commodities is vital for both developed and developing countries alike. If prices are not dreamily transmitted, then it may lead to biases in production and distribution. The strength of interdependence among markets and the speed in which the changes are passed through determine the degree of integration and the global efficiency of markets. This study examines the long-run and short-run integration of domestic and international wheat markets using Co-integration approach within the framework of Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). A sample of two domestic wheat markets comprising two from the national wheat markets of Mathura (UP) and Khanna (Punjab) were selected along with two international wheat markets comprising from United States and Argentina. Analysis was carried out using the monthly price data between January 2003 and Dec 2019. Findings discovered that the prices became stationary merely upon first differencing. The presence of integration was confirmed among markets involving that there is price conduction.
{"title":"Price Dynamics of Domestic and International Wheat Markets: A Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) Approach","authors":"A. Sabhaya, S. Upadhyay, P. Vekariya, B. Swaminathan","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I330541","url":null,"abstract":"Market integration in agricultural commodities is vital for both developed and developing countries alike. If prices are not dreamily transmitted, then it may lead to biases in production and distribution. The strength of interdependence among markets and the speed in which the changes are passed through determine the degree of integration and the global efficiency of markets. This study examines the long-run and short-run integration of domestic and international wheat markets using Co-integration approach within the framework of Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). A sample of two domestic wheat markets comprising two from the national wheat markets of Mathura (UP) and Khanna (Punjab) were selected along with two international wheat markets comprising from United States and Argentina. Analysis was carried out using the monthly price data between January 2003 and Dec 2019. Findings discovered that the prices became stationary merely upon first differencing. The presence of integration was confirmed among markets involving that there is price conduction.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127742103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230538
Shady Mohamed Shawky Abdelmawgoud, Hossam Hosney Abdul Aziz, A. Shibl, Mufidah Al-Sayed Qabeel
One of the most important challenges and obstacles faced by tomato farmers in the new lands is the scarcity of productive resources and their high cost, especially the suppliers of fresh water and arable land, which negatively affects the net yield. Therefore, this research paper aims to make a comparison between tomato production using traditional greenhouses (with soil) and using Hydroponics technology in the new lands with the research sample, aiming to measure the effect of using hydroponics in agricultural greenhouses on the most important indicators of economic returns, by studying and analyzing the cost components of the two production types and studying the most important productive, economic and financial indicators. Original Research Article Abdelmawgoud et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 126-140, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.66689 127
番茄种植户面临的最重要的挑战和障碍之一是生产资源的稀缺和高成本，特别是淡水和耕地的供应，这对净产量产生了负面影响。因此，本研究旨在以研究样本对传统温室(有土)番茄生产与新地水培技术番茄生产进行比较，通过研究分析两种生产类型的成本构成，研究最重要的生产、经济和财务指标，衡量水培技术在农业温室中对最重要的经济效益指标的影响。Abdelmawgoud et al.;生物工程学报，39(2):126-140,2021;文章no.AJAEES。66689 127
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Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230537
Chitrasena Padhy, P. S. Raju, R. K. Raj
Cotton cultivation is of immense importance for farmers in Odisha tribal regions as it is a ways of sustenance for their livelihood. A study was undertaken on 240 cotton growers from four blocks of two districts, Gajapati and Rayagada, of Odisha State. The objective of this research is to find out the constraints faced by the cotton growers and suggestive measures The tribal people of these districts have been cultivating cotton since a long time. The research methodology followed was through primary data collection. Data was collected personally on constraints in cotton cultivation as reported by farmers and suggestions to increase cotton production and productivity through a semi-structured schedule and analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The respondents of both Gajapati and Rayagada districts gave priority to the suggestion that cotton growers should be organized properly. They suggested that soil testing needs to be done at appropriate time to assess the soil fertility status of the soil and suitable recommendations on application of fertilizers should be made available to ensure better productivity. Also, there should be transparency in grading and measurement. The respondents also emphasized the need for immediate payment for the produce to fulfill their prime financial obligations. The growers need to be educated about collection of market information enabling them to obtain better price for their product. Organizing the growers facilitates better supervision and management of various farm operations. Participatory decision facilitates better planning and management. Cluster approach helps in minimizing the cost of watch and ward and timely implementation of the various crop management practices. The officials of agricultural extension that promote cotton cultivation in these districts have to create more awareness about cluster approach of farmers through group formation as organizing better growers facilitates supervision of operations and an integrated crop management.
{"title":"Constraints in Cotton Cultivation Reported by Growers and Suggestive Measures","authors":"Chitrasena Padhy, P. S. Raju, R. K. Raj","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230537","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton cultivation is of immense importance for farmers in Odisha tribal regions as it is a ways of sustenance for their livelihood. A study was undertaken on 240 cotton growers from four blocks of two districts, Gajapati and Rayagada, of Odisha State. The objective of this research is to find out the constraints faced by the cotton growers and suggestive measures The tribal people of these districts have been cultivating cotton since a long time. The research methodology followed was through primary data collection. Data was collected personally on constraints in cotton cultivation as reported by farmers and suggestions to increase cotton production and productivity through a semi-structured schedule and analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The respondents of both Gajapati and Rayagada districts gave priority to the suggestion that cotton growers should be organized properly. They suggested that soil testing needs to be done at appropriate time to assess the soil fertility status of the soil and suitable recommendations on application of fertilizers should be made available to ensure better productivity. Also, there should be transparency in grading and measurement. The respondents also emphasized the need for immediate payment for the produce to fulfill their prime financial obligations. The growers need to be educated about collection of market information enabling them to obtain better price for their product. Organizing the growers facilitates better supervision and management of various farm operations. Participatory decision facilitates better planning and management. Cluster approach helps in minimizing the cost of watch and ward and timely implementation of the various crop management practices. The officials of agricultural extension that promote cotton cultivation in these districts have to create more awareness about cluster approach of farmers through group formation as organizing better growers facilitates supervision of operations and an integrated crop management.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116311716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230539
Cornel Anyisile Kibona, Zhang Yuejie
Beef cattle production is significant in wealth creation and improving livelihoods of pastoralists, thus reducing poverty. Nevertheless, most pastoralists continue to live in poverty. This study, thus, sought to assess the profitability, viability, and commercialization level of beef cattle production, as well as the socioeconomic characteristics among pastoralists in the Simanjiro District of the Manyara Region, Tanzania. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 398 pastoralists, using interviews and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, gross margin (GM), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and household commercialization index (HCI) methods were used for data analysis. The Original Research Article Kibona and Yuejie; AJAEES, 39(2): 141-153, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67042 142 results revealed that the average age of the pastoralists was 47.7 years with a family size of 10.9. On average, the pastoralists had about 26.4 years of farming experience. Most of the pastoralists (59.3%) had no formal education. Among the pastoralists, only 3% had access to farm credits. Further analysis showed that 98.7% of pastoralists marketed their beef cattle to primary auction markets of which 75.4% of price-setting methods were inappropriate (unprofitable). Among the pastoralists, only 3.8% added value to beef cattle before selling. The average cattle herd size was 119.7 heads, of which 98.4% of cattle herd sizes were local breed cattle. Gross margin and BenefitCost Ratio were 136.8 US$ and 2.9, respectively, while household commercialization index was 3.9%. Medication costs constituted 44% of the total variable costs involved in beef cattle production. This study, thus, concluded that beef cattle production is profitable and highly viable to run as a business. However, the commercialization level is low. Furthermore, keeping local breed cattle, inappropriate pricing methods, low-value addition, reliance on primary auction markets, limited access to credits, low level of education, and costs for medications; continue to be critical obstacles to improving profitability, viability, and commercialization level of beef cattle production among pastoralists.
{"title":"Examining Profitability, Viability, and Commercialization Level of Beef Cattle Production among Pastoralists in the Simanjiro District of the Manyara Region, Tanzania","authors":"Cornel Anyisile Kibona, Zhang Yuejie","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230539","url":null,"abstract":"Beef cattle production is significant in wealth creation and improving livelihoods of pastoralists, thus reducing poverty. Nevertheless, most pastoralists continue to live in poverty. This study, thus, sought to assess the profitability, viability, and commercialization level of beef cattle production, as well as the socioeconomic characteristics among pastoralists in the Simanjiro District of the Manyara Region, Tanzania. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 398 pastoralists, using interviews and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, gross margin (GM), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and household commercialization index (HCI) methods were used for data analysis. The Original Research Article Kibona and Yuejie; AJAEES, 39(2): 141-153, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67042 142 results revealed that the average age of the pastoralists was 47.7 years with a family size of 10.9. On average, the pastoralists had about 26.4 years of farming experience. Most of the pastoralists (59.3%) had no formal education. Among the pastoralists, only 3% had access to farm credits. Further analysis showed that 98.7% of pastoralists marketed their beef cattle to primary auction markets of which 75.4% of price-setting methods were inappropriate (unprofitable). Among the pastoralists, only 3.8% added value to beef cattle before selling. The average cattle herd size was 119.7 heads, of which 98.4% of cattle herd sizes were local breed cattle. Gross margin and BenefitCost Ratio were 136.8 US$ and 2.9, respectively, while household commercialization index was 3.9%. Medication costs constituted 44% of the total variable costs involved in beef cattle production. This study, thus, concluded that beef cattle production is profitable and highly viable to run as a business. However, the commercialization level is low. Furthermore, keeping local breed cattle, inappropriate pricing methods, low-value addition, reliance on primary auction markets, limited access to credits, low level of education, and costs for medications; continue to be critical obstacles to improving profitability, viability, and commercialization level of beef cattle production among pastoralists.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"66 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124100405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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