Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230536
V. Jerin
Human Resource Development (HRD) process is denoted as how personnel are recruited, trained and put into use depending upon their skills, knowledge and potential as per the need of the job and keeping in line with organizational objectives. Potential appraisal refers to the identification and evaluation of hidden talents and underlying skills of a person. Potential appraisal enhances human resource development and enables the attainment of organizational goals. Steps in the potential appraisal system include a detailed job description, job specified quality traits, rating mechanisms and organizing the system. Techniques used for carrying out potential appraisal includes selfappraisal technique, peer appraisal technique, superior appraisal technique, management by objectives, psychological and psychometric techniques, leadership exercises, management games etc. Growth of companies lies in the hands of potential employees and hence it is the responsibility of companies to recognize the potential and reward befittingly to retain the talent. Thus it lowers the chance of good employees leaving the organization for green pastures.
{"title":"Potential Appraisal and Development in Human Resource Development (HRD): A Review","authors":"V. Jerin","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230536","url":null,"abstract":"Human Resource Development (HRD) process is denoted as how personnel are recruited, trained and put into use depending upon their skills, knowledge and potential as per the need of the job and keeping in line with organizational objectives. Potential appraisal refers to the identification and evaluation of hidden talents and underlying skills of a person. Potential appraisal enhances human resource development and enables the attainment of organizational goals. Steps in the potential appraisal system include a detailed job description, job specified quality traits, rating mechanisms and organizing the system. Techniques used for carrying out potential appraisal includes selfappraisal technique, peer appraisal technique, superior appraisal technique, management by objectives, psychological and psychometric techniques, leadership exercises, management games etc. Growth of companies lies in the hands of potential employees and hence it is the responsibility of companies to recognize the potential and reward befittingly to retain the talent. Thus it lowers the chance of good employees leaving the organization for green pastures.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230534
Dipak Bahadur Adhikari, PhD, Preeti Gupta, Niranjan Devkota, U. R. Paudel, S. Parajuli
This study seeks to contribute to the empirical understanding to the transformation of informal business towards formal business in Nepal on the basis of cross-sectional data. This paper examines the preferences socio-economic and other social capital related to informal business. Various indicators were identified to understand and analyze readiness of various informal sectors from literature review of different theories. People with high level of education less prefer informal sector however, prime working age labor force were involved massively in informal sector. More than two-third respondents argued that situation is not manageable which means the informal economy is not transitional to formal economy. Majority of respondents believes that there are some administrative problems that could hinder the entrepreneurial potential and their creativity to flourish.
{"title":"Challenges in Transformation of Informal Business Sector towards Formal Business Sector in Nepal: Evidence from Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Dipak Bahadur Adhikari, PhD, Preeti Gupta, Niranjan Devkota, U. R. Paudel, S. Parajuli","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230534","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to contribute to the empirical understanding to the transformation of informal business towards formal business in Nepal on the basis of cross-sectional data. This paper examines the preferences socio-economic and other social capital related to informal business. Various indicators were identified to understand and analyze readiness of various informal sectors from literature review of different theories. People with high level of education less prefer informal sector however, prime working age labor force were involved massively in informal sector. More than two-third respondents argued that situation is not manageable which means the informal economy is not transitional to formal economy. Majority of respondents believes that there are some administrative problems that could hinder the entrepreneurial potential and their creativity to flourish.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127132533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230535
Y. Tiwari, H. Sharma, P. Awasthi, Prasanna Kolar
The present study was conducted in Umaria and Anuppur districts of Madhya Pradesh with the specific objective viz. to examine the factors influencing farm income of the respondents. The study confined to two locations of AICRP on IFS, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Total 240 respondents, consisted of 120 beneficiaries under IFS and 120 non-beneficiaries with similar socio economic, were involved in this work. The log linear form of Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to determine the effects of socio-economic variables on farm income. Apart from this, some descriptive statistical analyses were carried out to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the households. The estimated results of the regression models revealed that land holding, irrigation intensity, cost of farm inputs and employment generation had a significant positive effect on farm income among beneficiary’s respondents. On the other hand, age, education, cost of farm inputs and employment generation had a significant positive effect on farm income among non-beneficiary’s respondents. The results of the present study help in increasing the farm income by the enhancement of the factors which found significant during the study period and the policy makers can also plan accordingly for the betterment of both the respondents. Original Research Article Tiwari et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 107-110, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67165 108
本研究在中央邦的Umaria和Anuppur地区进行，具体目的是研究影响受访者农业收入的因素。该研究仅限于IFS, jnkv, Jabalpur的AICRP的两个地点。共有240名答复者参与了这项工作，其中包括120名IFS受益人和120名具有类似社会经济条件的非受益人。采用对数线性形式的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数来确定社会经济变量对农业收入的影响。除此之外，还进行了一些描述性统计分析，以审查这些家庭的社会经济特征。回归模型的估计结果显示，土地持有、灌溉强度、农业投入成本和创造就业对受益者的农业收入有显著的正影响。另一方面，年龄、教育程度、农业投入成本和创造就业机会对非受益人受访者的农业收入有显著的积极影响。本研究的结果有助于通过加强研究期间发现的重要因素来增加农场收入，政策制定者也可以相应地制定计划以改善两个受访者。Tiwari et al.;生物工程学报，39(2):107-110,2021;文章no.AJAEES。67165 108
{"title":"Factors Affecting Farm Income of Different Farming System in Madhya Pradesh","authors":"Y. Tiwari, H. Sharma, P. Awasthi, Prasanna Kolar","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230535","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in Umaria and Anuppur districts of Madhya Pradesh with the specific objective viz. to examine the factors influencing farm income of the respondents. The study confined to two locations of AICRP on IFS, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Total 240 respondents, consisted of 120 beneficiaries under IFS and 120 non-beneficiaries with similar socio economic, were involved in this work. The log linear form of Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to determine the effects of socio-economic variables on farm income. Apart from this, some descriptive statistical analyses were carried out to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the households. The estimated results of the regression models revealed that land holding, irrigation intensity, cost of farm inputs and employment generation had a significant positive effect on farm income among beneficiary’s respondents. On the other hand, age, education, cost of farm inputs and employment generation had a significant positive effect on farm income among non-beneficiary’s respondents. The results of the present study help in increasing the farm income by the enhancement of the factors which found significant during the study period and the policy makers can also plan accordingly for the betterment of both the respondents. Original Research Article Tiwari et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 107-110, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67165 108","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122514005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230532
Namitha Reghunath, N. Kumar
Extension in many countries has come to cover a variety of activities in both the public and private sectors, yet the transfer of information continues to be the ultimate focus of all extension activities. The present study was conducted in Kannur district of Kerala state, to identify the constraints of existing ITD methods implemented by different agricultural institutions in Kannur and find out the suggestions from farmers for improvement. Thirty farmers each from four selected Grama Panchayats (Ezhome, KankolAlapadamba, KadannapalliPanapuzha and Mayyil) of Kannur were identified using simple random sampling. A well-structured interview schedule was used for collecting data from the respondents. The data were tabulated and inferences were drawn after appropriate statistical analysis. The results shows that lack of awareness about the latest ICT methods for technology dissemination’ is having highest mean score (72.17) and it is considered as the most severe constraint by the farmers followed by ‘trainings are not effective to meet farmer’s needs’ (71.5) and ‘Less training programs for farmers and extension personnel (69.77).
{"title":"Constraints of Extisting Innovations in Technology Dissemination (ITD) Methods in India- A Critical Analysis","authors":"Namitha Reghunath, N. Kumar","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230532","url":null,"abstract":"Extension in many countries has come to cover a variety of activities in both the public and private sectors, yet the transfer of information continues to be the ultimate focus of all extension activities. The present study was conducted in Kannur district of Kerala state, to identify the constraints of existing ITD methods implemented by different agricultural institutions in Kannur and find out the suggestions from farmers for improvement. Thirty farmers each from four selected Grama Panchayats (Ezhome, KankolAlapadamba, KadannapalliPanapuzha and Mayyil) of Kannur were identified using simple random sampling. A well-structured interview schedule was used for collecting data from the respondents. The data were tabulated and inferences were drawn after appropriate statistical analysis. The results shows that lack of awareness about the latest ICT methods for technology dissemination’ is having highest mean score (72.17) and it is considered as the most severe constraint by the farmers followed by ‘trainings are not effective to meet farmer’s needs’ (71.5) and ‘Less training programs for farmers and extension personnel (69.77).","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124733388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230533
U. Rawat, Ankit Yadav, P. Pawar, Aniket Rajput, Devendra Vasht, S. Nema
Mapping and classification crop by using satellite images is a challenging task that can minimize the complexities of field visits. The recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite has thirteen spectral bands, short revisit time and determination at three different resolutions (10 m, 20 m and 60 m), besides that, the free availability of the images makes it a good choice for vegetation mapping. This study aims to classify crop, using single date Sentinel-2 imagery within the Jabalpur, state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The classification was performed by using Unsupervised Classification. In this study, four spectral bands, i.e., Near Infrared, Red, Green, and Blue of Sentinel-2 were stacked for the classification. The results show that the area of wheat crop corresponds to 83.07%; Gram/ Pulses, 14.64%; and other crop, 2.28%. The overall accuracy and overall Kappa Statistics of the classification using Sentinel-2 imagery are 85.71% and 0.819%, respectively. Therefore, this study has found that Sentinel-2 presented great potential in the mapping of the agriculture areas of Jabalpur by remote sensing. Original Research Article Rawat et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 88-94, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.65961 89
利用卫星图像对作物进行制图和分类是一项具有挑战性的任务，它可以最大限度地减少实地考察的复杂性。最近发射的Sentinel-2卫星具有13个光谱波段、较短的重访时间和3种不同分辨率(10 m、20 m和60 m)的测定，此外，图像的免费可用性使其成为植被制图的良好选择。本研究旨在利用印度中央邦贾巴尔普尔(Jabalpur)单一日期Sentinel-2图像对作物进行分类。采用无监督分类方法进行分类。本研究将Sentinel-2的近红外、红、绿、蓝4个光谱波段进行叠加分类。结果表明:小麦种植面积为83.07%;克/脉冲占14.64%;其他作物，2.28%。利用Sentinel-2影像进行分类的总体准确率为85.71%，总体Kappa Statistics为0.819%。因此，本研究发现，Sentinel-2在贾巴尔普尔农业区的遥感制图中具有很大的潜力。Rawat et al.;生物工程学报，39(2):88-94,2021;文章no.AJAEES。65961 89
{"title":"Wheat Crop Acreage Estimation Based on Remote Sensing and GIS in Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh, India)","authors":"U. Rawat, Ankit Yadav, P. Pawar, Aniket Rajput, Devendra Vasht, S. Nema","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230533","url":null,"abstract":"Mapping and classification crop by using satellite images is a challenging task that can minimize the complexities of field visits. The recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite has thirteen spectral bands, short revisit time and determination at three different resolutions (10 m, 20 m and 60 m), besides that, the free availability of the images makes it a good choice for vegetation mapping. This study aims to classify crop, using single date Sentinel-2 imagery within the Jabalpur, state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The classification was performed by using Unsupervised Classification. In this study, four spectral bands, i.e., Near Infrared, Red, Green, and Blue of Sentinel-2 were stacked for the classification. The results show that the area of wheat crop corresponds to 83.07%; Gram/ Pulses, 14.64%; and other crop, 2.28%. The overall accuracy and overall Kappa Statistics of the classification using Sentinel-2 imagery are 85.71% and 0.819%, respectively. Therefore, this study has found that Sentinel-2 presented great potential in the mapping of the agriculture areas of Jabalpur by remote sensing. Original Research Article Rawat et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 88-94, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.65961 89","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122507788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230531
A. Islam, D. Bose, Naushad Alam
Mango fruit (Mangifera indica) is national fruit of Indian and most popular, nutritionally rich tropical fruit with unique flavor, fragrance, taste, and promoting qualities for health. In India harvest and sale of mango is during March, April and May, and this is annually covered by news magazines. Several hundred cultivars of mango depending on the cultivars of mango. The field survey was conducted the year of 2014-15. Exist survey was carried out to determine the extent of adoption of recommended Mango production practices by the farmers in Masaudha and another block of Sohawal, Faizabad District in Uttar Pradesh. One hundred thirty respondents were selected randomly and descriptive research design was followed for the research. The study inferred that there are 47.70 per cent trainees and 56.93 per cent non-trainees were having medium level socioeconomic status whereas 41.54 per cent trainees and 35.38 per cent non-trainees were having low socio-economic status while 10.76 per cent trainees and 7.69 per cent non trainees were having high socio-economic status. It was also observed from the results that there were 32.30 per cent trainees, 24.61 per cent non-trainees had medium level of adoption, 26.15 per cent trainees and 49.23 per cent non-trainees having low level adoption followed by 41.53 per cent trainees and Original Research Article Islam et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 76-81, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67352 77 26.15 per cent non-trainees having high level of adoption of improved Mango production practices. Govt. should take proper steps and appropriate extension strategies to be followed for recommended adoption of mango production practices.
{"title":"Impact of Training Program on Adoption Behavior of Mango Growers in Faizabad District of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"A. Islam, D. Bose, Naushad Alam","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230531","url":null,"abstract":"Mango fruit (Mangifera indica) is national fruit of Indian and most popular, nutritionally rich tropical fruit with unique flavor, fragrance, taste, and promoting qualities for health. In India harvest and sale of mango is during March, April and May, and this is annually covered by news magazines. Several hundred cultivars of mango depending on the cultivars of mango. The field survey was conducted the year of 2014-15. Exist survey was carried out to determine the extent of adoption of recommended Mango production practices by the farmers in Masaudha and another block of Sohawal, Faizabad District in Uttar Pradesh. One hundred thirty respondents were selected randomly and descriptive research design was followed for the research. The study inferred that there are 47.70 per cent trainees and 56.93 per cent non-trainees were having medium level socioeconomic status whereas 41.54 per cent trainees and 35.38 per cent non-trainees were having low socio-economic status while 10.76 per cent trainees and 7.69 per cent non trainees were having high socio-economic status. It was also observed from the results that there were 32.30 per cent trainees, 24.61 per cent non-trainees had medium level of adoption, 26.15 per cent trainees and 49.23 per cent non-trainees having low level adoption followed by 41.53 per cent trainees and Original Research Article Islam et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 76-81, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.67352 77 26.15 per cent non-trainees having high level of adoption of improved Mango production practices. Govt. should take proper steps and appropriate extension strategies to be followed for recommended adoption of mango production practices.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123906881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230530
Rama Das, Anannya Chakraborty, Sridhar Acharya
The present study assessed perception, practices and impact, resultant to a process of seamless exposure to cognitive, affectional and actionable pursuits to health, nutrition and hygiene related stimuli,. The study was conducted in Barrackpore-II block of North 24 Parganas district in West Bengal, India. One hundred and ninety four (194) School going teenage girls aged between 10-19 years were randomly selected for the study. The study reveals that the health perception of an individual depends on the education, mother’s education, family income and diet of that concerned person.
{"title":"Assessment of Health Perception of School Going Girls in West Bengal, India","authors":"Rama Das, Anannya Chakraborty, Sridhar Acharya","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230530","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed perception, practices and impact, resultant to a process of seamless exposure to cognitive, affectional and actionable pursuits to health, nutrition and hygiene related stimuli,. The study was conducted in Barrackpore-II block of North 24 Parganas district in West Bengal, India. One hundred and ninety four (194) School going teenage girls aged between 10-19 years were randomly selected for the study. The study reveals that the health perception of an individual depends on the education, mother’s education, family income and diet of that concerned person.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128850810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230529
V. Abankwah
While promoting both large-scale and small-scale mining to facilitate rural development and poverty reduction, it becomes imperative to examine the level of exposure and the risk of mining on assets and livelihoods of agrarian households in mining communities. The study was, therefore, designed to examine the differential effect of the risk of large-scale and small-scale mining on livelihoods of agrarian households. The study covered five regions of Ghana namely, Ashanti, Eastern, Western, Central and Brong-Ahafo Regions, where both large-scale and small-scale mining are pervasive. A two-stage sampling technique was used to sample 864 agrarian households in the study area for primary data. The 864 households comprised 432 households selected from 36 communities which are exclusively exposed to the activities of large-scale mining and 432 households selected from 36 communities exclusively exposed to the activities of small-scale mining. Household livelihood vulnerability (HLV) index was used to measure livelihood vulnerability to the risk of mining. The study established that though agrarian households are susceptible to both large-scale and small-scale mining, assets and livelihoods of such households are more vulnerable to the risk of large-scale mining than small-scale mining. Emanating from the study are Original Research Article Abankwah; AJAEES, 39(2): 50-65, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.63461 51 recommendations to reduce household livelihood vulnerability to both large-scale and small-scale mining and facilitate livelihood development among agrarian households in mining communities of rural Ghana.
{"title":"Measuring Livelihood Vulnerability to Large-Scale and Small-Scale Mining in Rural Ghana: A Comparative Examination of Agrarian Households","authors":"V. Abankwah","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230529","url":null,"abstract":"While promoting both large-scale and small-scale mining to facilitate rural development and poverty reduction, it becomes imperative to examine the level of exposure and the risk of mining on assets and livelihoods of agrarian households in mining communities. The study was, therefore, designed to examine the differential effect of the risk of large-scale and small-scale mining on livelihoods of agrarian households. The study covered five regions of Ghana namely, Ashanti, Eastern, Western, Central and Brong-Ahafo Regions, where both large-scale and small-scale mining are pervasive. A two-stage sampling technique was used to sample 864 agrarian households in the study area for primary data. The 864 households comprised 432 households selected from 36 communities which are exclusively exposed to the activities of large-scale mining and 432 households selected from 36 communities exclusively exposed to the activities of small-scale mining. Household livelihood vulnerability (HLV) index was used to measure livelihood vulnerability to the risk of mining. The study established that though agrarian households are susceptible to both large-scale and small-scale mining, assets and livelihoods of such households are more vulnerable to the risk of large-scale mining than small-scale mining. Emanating from the study are Original Research Article Abankwah; AJAEES, 39(2): 50-65, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.63461 51 recommendations to reduce household livelihood vulnerability to both large-scale and small-scale mining and facilitate livelihood development among agrarian households in mining communities of rural Ghana.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131795150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230528
Subrata Gorain, A. Malakar, S. Chanda
Global climate change is becoming an alarming problem of the 21 st century, with global warming as the biggest challenge. Anthropogenic activities have added significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere ever since the Industrial Revolution. The agriculture sector is a significant source of GHG emission in many countries. Crop stubble burning or agricultural biomass burning is one of the highest contributors to this emission. In India, around 92 million tons of crop residue is burned every year, causing several negative impacts on the climate as well as on human health. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Carbon trading and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are the two robust processes to mitigate the GHG emissions for any country. In this study, we have assessed the overview of world’s carbon market and analysed how much carbon credit India may have traded in the world carbon market, if emission from the crop residue burning was stopped in the Indian agricultural sector. Further we have fitted an econometric model to determine the effect of carbon trading on other stock market variable. Short Research Article
{"title":"An Analysis of Carbon Market and Carbon Credits in India","authors":"Subrata Gorain, A. Malakar, S. Chanda","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230528","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change is becoming an alarming problem of the 21 st century, with global warming as the biggest challenge. Anthropogenic activities have added significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere ever since the Industrial Revolution. The agriculture sector is a significant source of GHG emission in many countries. Crop stubble burning or agricultural biomass burning is one of the highest contributors to this emission. In India, around 92 million tons of crop residue is burned every year, causing several negative impacts on the climate as well as on human health. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Carbon trading and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are the two robust processes to mitigate the GHG emissions for any country. In this study, we have assessed the overview of world’s carbon market and analysed how much carbon credit India may have traded in the world carbon market, if emission from the crop residue burning was stopped in the Indian agricultural sector. Further we have fitted an econometric model to determine the effect of carbon trading on other stock market variable. Short Research Article","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115803502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230527
Arpit Huria, N. Bhardwaj, Neelam Basera
Aim: To study the socio-personal, economic, communication, psychological, and situational characteristics of the farmers. Study Design: Descriptive design. Place and Duration of Study: Malwa region of Punjab, between first week of October 2019 to mid-December 2019. Methodology: Multi-stage sampling was followed. Malwa region was selected purposively because of the maximum number of stubble-burning incidents reported in the area during 2018. Within Malwa region, three districts (Bathinda, Sangrur and Ludhiana) were selected randomly. One block was selected randomly from each district and two villages were selected randomly from each selected block. The sample size of 246 was determined using Cochran’s formula and the selection of farmers was based on proportional allocation. Based on the literature, a total of 14 characteristics were taken to document the profile of the farmers who were engaged in the stubble burning behaviour. Original Research Article Huria et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 23-39, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.65651 24 Results: The results indicated that most of the respondents were middle-aged (65.46%), male (91.06%), had formal education up to intermediate level (21.95%) and possessed semi-medium (510 acres) landholding (27.24%). Economic characteristics revealed that 51.46% farmers earned low annual income (
{"title":"Profile Characteristics of the Farmers Showing Stubble Burning Behaviour in Punjab","authors":"Arpit Huria, N. Bhardwaj, Neelam Basera","doi":"10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2021/V39I230527","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the socio-personal, economic, communication, psychological, and situational characteristics of the farmers. Study Design: Descriptive design. Place and Duration of Study: Malwa region of Punjab, between first week of October 2019 to mid-December 2019. Methodology: Multi-stage sampling was followed. Malwa region was selected purposively because of the maximum number of stubble-burning incidents reported in the area during 2018. Within Malwa region, three districts (Bathinda, Sangrur and Ludhiana) were selected randomly. One block was selected randomly from each district and two villages were selected randomly from each selected block. The sample size of 246 was determined using Cochran’s formula and the selection of farmers was based on proportional allocation. Based on the literature, a total of 14 characteristics were taken to document the profile of the farmers who were engaged in the stubble burning behaviour. Original Research Article Huria et al.; AJAEES, 39(2): 23-39, 2021; Article no.AJAEES.65651 24 Results: The results indicated that most of the respondents were middle-aged (65.46%), male (91.06%), had formal education up to intermediate level (21.95%) and possessed semi-medium (510 acres) landholding (27.24%). Economic characteristics revealed that 51.46% farmers earned low annual income (<Rs. 50,000Rs.4,50,000), possessed lager milch animals (98.78%) and were practicing specialized farming (45.93%). More than half (51.63%) of the farmers possessed medium information seeking behaviour. Among psychological and situational characteristics, most of the farmers showed medium levels of innovativeness (49.19%), risk orientation (47.15%) and scientific orientation (57.32%) while high levels of ecological consciousness (45.53%) and economic motivation (42.28%). Most of the farmers (45.93%) showed medium level of awareness towards various stubble management measures. Conclusion: The analysis of these profile characteristics could be crucial in segmenting the farmer respondents and designing target-specific appropriate interventions to tackle the stubble burning behaviour of the farmers.","PeriodicalId":204208,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124584205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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