Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00473
Ida Branzell , Gabriella Lillsunde Larsson , Dieter Samyn , Paul Pettersson-Pablo
Background and aim
Evaluate the diagnostic performance of automated, quantitative bilirubin measurement, modified to extend its lower measurement ranges, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using the Siemens analyzer Advia XPT. Results were compared with the gold standard spectrophotometry for diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).
Method
Eighty clinical samples were analyzed on an Advia XPT, and results were compared to spectrophotometric results using the Agilent Cary 100 bio system. Method performance at low concentrations were evaluated using diluted control material and patient plasma and CSF samples. ROC curve analysis determined a suitable cutoff.
Result
Evaluation of low-concentration performance, below 2 μmol/L on Advia XPT, showed a measurement bias of -1.0 %, and a linear regression equation of y = 0.843x + 0.0351 (R2 of 0.975), describing the relationship between measured and expected concentrations of diluted samples. The coefficient of variation, (CV), was 2.92 % at 0.598 μmol/L and 26.6 % at 0.161 μmol/L. Using the outcome of the analysis on Agilent Cary 100 as reference, sensitivity was 100 % and specificity 96 %, employing a cutoff of 0.41 μmol/L.
Conclusion
Quantitative measurement of bilirubin in CSF using the bilirubin oxidase method on the automated Advia XPT platform perform well, with the analysis of low concentrations of bilirubin displaying a high precision and a high concordance with the results of spectrophotometry. These preliminary findings are indicative of the merits of quantitative measurement, that warrants further study of its diagnostic potential as an alternative to the more cumbersome spectrophotometry for diagnosing SAH.
{"title":"Measurement of bilirubin in cerebrospinal fluid using the oxidase method on automated chemistry system advia XPT","authors":"Ida Branzell , Gabriella Lillsunde Larsson , Dieter Samyn , Paul Pettersson-Pablo","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Evaluate the diagnostic performance of automated, quantitative bilirubin measurement, modified to extend its lower measurement ranges, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using the Siemens analyzer Advia XPT. Results were compared with the gold standard spectrophotometry for diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Eighty clinical samples were analyzed on an Advia XPT, and results were compared to spectrophotometric results using the Agilent Cary 100 bio system. Method performance at low concentrations were evaluated using diluted control material and patient plasma and CSF samples. ROC curve analysis determined a suitable cutoff.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Evaluation of low-concentration performance, below 2 μmol/L on Advia XPT, showed a measurement bias of -1.0 %, and a linear regression equation of y = 0.843x + 0.0351 (R<sup>2</sup> of 0.975), describing the relationship between measured and expected concentrations of diluted samples. The coefficient of variation, (CV), was 2.92 % at 0.598 μmol/L and 26.6 % at 0.161 μmol/L. Using the outcome of the analysis on Agilent Cary 100 as reference, sensitivity was 100 % and specificity 96 %, employing a cutoff of 0.41 μmol/L.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Quantitative measurement of bilirubin in CSF using the bilirubin oxidase method on the automated Advia XPT platform perform well, with the analysis of low concentrations of bilirubin displaying a high precision and a high concordance with the results of spectrophotometry. These preliminary findings are indicative of the merits of quantitative measurement, that warrants further study of its diagnostic potential as an alternative to the more cumbersome spectrophotometry for diagnosing SAH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00472
Kuo-Chun Chiu , Jia-Rong Jhan , Hsiao-Ni Yan , Yu-Chen Liao , Wen-Hui Lu , Kuan-Yi Lee , Li-Yuan Cheng , Chung-Kang Yeh , Ya-Fen Lee , Chiung-Hui Kuo , Kuei-Pin Chung , Tzu-I Chien
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Laboratory examinations play a crucial role in medical diagnostics and treatment, necessitating the identification of interference factors to ensure accurate results. Biotin, a common dietary supplement, can interfere with immunoassays utilizing biotin-streptavidin interactions. Studies have documented biotin's significant impact on thyroid function tests and various immunoassays, prompting the need for effective mitigation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples were collected from various clinical departments and analyzed for biotin levels. Biotin interference was evaluated using both old and new Elecsys reagents in assays for thyroglobulin (TG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), anti-thyroglobulin (ATG), and free thyroxine (FT4). Biotin spike-in and depletion tests were conducted to assess interference mitigation methods. Additionally, the biotin tolerance of Roche and Abbott immunoassay systems was compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Biotin levels were measured in 78 participants from different clinical departments: health management center (<em>n</em> = 13), emergency department (<em>n</em> = 21), intensive care unit (<em>n</em> = 12), gynecology department(<em>n</em> = 3), and hemodialysis department (<em>n</em> = 29). Patients undergoing hemodialysis and those in the intensive care unit (ICU) demonstrated significantly elevated biotin levels (mean = 3.282 ng/mL and 3.212 ng/mL, respectively) in comparison to other patient groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05), likely attributable to the intake of biotin-containing supplements. Biotin levels >500 ng/mL caused a 20 % change in assay values, resulting in false-low results for TG and AFP and false-high results for ATG and FT4 with older Elecsys reagents. Setting a 10 % change as the threshold, the newer Elecsys reagents demonstrated improved resistance against biotin interference, tolerating concentrations of 1000 ng/mL to 3000 ng/mL depending on the specific tests, consistent with the Roche package inserts. We employed a biotin depletion method that effectively restored assay accuracy for older reagents, generally resulting in less than a 10 % change when biotin levels were below 400 ng/mL. However, this depletion method was unnecessary with the newer reagents due to their increased biotin tolerance. Comparing the Roche and Abbott systems revealed significant differences in biotin tolerance. The Abbott system demonstrated greater resilience to biotin interference, while the Roche system showed biotin interference in assays for carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 153, cancer antigen 19-9, with changes exceeding 30 % at 500 ng/mL of biotin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the high prevalence of elevated biotin levels in hemodialysis and ICU patients, serving as a critical reference for clinical result interpretation. We confirm that Roche's newer reagents exhibit enhanced biotin tolerance, consiste
{"title":"Biotin interference in routine clinical immunoassays","authors":"Kuo-Chun Chiu , Jia-Rong Jhan , Hsiao-Ni Yan , Yu-Chen Liao , Wen-Hui Lu , Kuan-Yi Lee , Li-Yuan Cheng , Chung-Kang Yeh , Ya-Fen Lee , Chiung-Hui Kuo , Kuei-Pin Chung , Tzu-I Chien","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Laboratory examinations play a crucial role in medical diagnostics and treatment, necessitating the identification of interference factors to ensure accurate results. Biotin, a common dietary supplement, can interfere with immunoassays utilizing biotin-streptavidin interactions. Studies have documented biotin's significant impact on thyroid function tests and various immunoassays, prompting the need for effective mitigation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples were collected from various clinical departments and analyzed for biotin levels. Biotin interference was evaluated using both old and new Elecsys reagents in assays for thyroglobulin (TG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), anti-thyroglobulin (ATG), and free thyroxine (FT4). Biotin spike-in and depletion tests were conducted to assess interference mitigation methods. Additionally, the biotin tolerance of Roche and Abbott immunoassay systems was compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Biotin levels were measured in 78 participants from different clinical departments: health management center (<em>n</em> = 13), emergency department (<em>n</em> = 21), intensive care unit (<em>n</em> = 12), gynecology department(<em>n</em> = 3), and hemodialysis department (<em>n</em> = 29). Patients undergoing hemodialysis and those in the intensive care unit (ICU) demonstrated significantly elevated biotin levels (mean = 3.282 ng/mL and 3.212 ng/mL, respectively) in comparison to other patient groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05), likely attributable to the intake of biotin-containing supplements. Biotin levels >500 ng/mL caused a 20 % change in assay values, resulting in false-low results for TG and AFP and false-high results for ATG and FT4 with older Elecsys reagents. Setting a 10 % change as the threshold, the newer Elecsys reagents demonstrated improved resistance against biotin interference, tolerating concentrations of 1000 ng/mL to 3000 ng/mL depending on the specific tests, consistent with the Roche package inserts. We employed a biotin depletion method that effectively restored assay accuracy for older reagents, generally resulting in less than a 10 % change when biotin levels were below 400 ng/mL. However, this depletion method was unnecessary with the newer reagents due to their increased biotin tolerance. Comparing the Roche and Abbott systems revealed significant differences in biotin tolerance. The Abbott system demonstrated greater resilience to biotin interference, while the Roche system showed biotin interference in assays for carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 153, cancer antigen 19-9, with changes exceeding 30 % at 500 ng/mL of biotin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the high prevalence of elevated biotin levels in hemodialysis and ICU patients, serving as a critical reference for clinical result interpretation. We confirm that Roche's newer reagents exhibit enhanced biotin tolerance, consiste","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores how routine blood test parameters change over time in acclimatized individuals at different altitudes on the Western Sichuan Plateau.
Methods
Healthy men aged 20–40 from low-altitude areas who moved to Ganzi Prefecture to live and work were recruited. The observation sites were Guzan Town (1400 m), Kangding County Seat (2500 m), Luhuo County Seat (3400 m), and Litang County Seat (4100 m). Participants at the same altitude were grouped according to residence duration. The relationships between blood test parameters, altitude, and residence duration were analyzed.
Results
After moving to the plateau, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels rose quickly in the short term, then declined and stabilized. In contrast, platelet levels increased steadily and were positively correlated with altitude.
Conclusions
Changes in blood parameters during high-altitude acclimatization are significant physiological responses to hypoxia and are affected by both altitude and residence duration.
{"title":"Comparison of routine blood parameters by altitude and residence duration in the Western Sichuan Plateau","authors":"Liang Wan , Qing Yuan , Mingxia Tang, Zhu Zhu, Yanwu Liu, Zhenglin Huang, Shuzhi Zhou, Ling Zhang, Qiaoling Wang, Yuntao Guo, Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study explores how routine blood test parameters change over time in acclimatized individuals at different altitudes on the Western Sichuan Plateau.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy men aged 20–40 from low-altitude areas who moved to Ganzi Prefecture to live and work were recruited. The observation sites were Guzan Town (1400 m), Kangding County Seat (2500 m), Luhuo County Seat (3400 m), and Litang County Seat (4100 m). Participants at the same altitude were grouped according to residence duration. The relationships between blood test parameters, altitude, and residence duration were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After moving to the plateau, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels rose quickly in the short term, then declined and stabilized. In contrast, platelet levels increased steadily and were positively correlated with altitude.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Changes in blood parameters during high-altitude acclimatization are significant physiological responses to hypoxia and are affected by both altitude and residence duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colorectal cancer (CRC), according to the most recent data provided by GLOBOCAN, ranks fourth worldwide in incidence and third in mortality among all cancers. Current estimates project a global increase in colorectal cancer incidence of 60.5 % and mortality of 76.9 % between 2022 and 2045. The low sensitivity and adherence, coupled with the high costs associated with current diagnostic methods for CRC, underscore the need to explore innovative procedures for the early detection of tissue abnormalities. Existing research suggests that patients affected by this condition exhibit distinctive alterations in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ratios in their exhaled breath.
This study presents a characterization of exhaled breath using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in patients with varying stages of the disease, as determined by conventional medical and clinical analyses. An electronic nose was utilized to develop a method aimed at rapidly analyzing a subject's exhaled breath to identify the group of belonging (healthy, affected). The aim of the study was to develop a rapid, cost-effective, and non-invasive early diagnostic system employing an electronic nose. Statistical analysis identified 12 compounds with the potential to distinguish between healthy and affected individuals and were selected for testing the application potential of the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. The ability of the method to identify the 40 subjects analyzed as Healthy Controls (HC) or CRC in terms of sensitivity and specificity (0.8 and 0.85, respectively) demonstrates the feasibility of using this method for rapid, low-cost, and non-invasive disease recognition.
{"title":"Breath fingerprint of colorectal cancer patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis preparatory to e-nose analyses","authors":"Stefano Dugheri , Ilaria Rapi , Giovanni Cappelli , Niccolò Fanfani , Donato Squillaci , Simone De Sio , Beatrice Mallardi , Paola Mantellini , Fabio Staderini , Veronica Traversini , Antonio Baldassarre , Fabio Cianchi , Nicola Mucci","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC), according to the most recent data provided by GLOBOCAN, ranks fourth worldwide in incidence and third in mortality among all cancers. Current estimates project a global increase in colorectal cancer incidence of 60.5 % and mortality of 76.9 % between 2022 and 2045. The low sensitivity and adherence, coupled with the high costs associated with current diagnostic methods for CRC, underscore the need to explore innovative procedures for the early detection of tissue abnormalities. Existing research suggests that patients affected by this condition exhibit distinctive alterations in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ratios in their exhaled breath.</div><div>This study presents a characterization of exhaled breath using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in patients with varying stages of the disease, as determined by conventional medical and clinical analyses. An electronic nose was utilized to develop a method aimed at rapidly analyzing a subject's exhaled breath to identify the group of belonging (healthy, affected). The aim of the study was to develop a rapid, cost-effective, and non-invasive early diagnostic system employing an electronic nose. Statistical analysis identified 12 compounds with the potential to distinguish between healthy and affected individuals and were selected for testing the application potential of the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. The ability of the method to identify the 40 subjects analyzed as Healthy Controls (HC) or CRC in terms of sensitivity and specificity (0.8 and 0.85, respectively) demonstrates the feasibility of using this method for rapid, low-cost, and non-invasive disease recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00459
Huijun Qin , Yuan He , Zaixiang Xie
Cases of anemia presenting with abnormal erythrocyte morphology often pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in patients with refractory anemia. Here, we present the case of a 9-year-old male patient under investigation for anemia, who had a history of anemia and received a blood transfusion at birth. Despite the absence of obvious clinical manifestations related to anemia thereafter, his condition was not given due consideration. The patient experienced a sudden onset of illness and was initially suspected to have thalassemia. However, subsequent pertinent examinations, notably bone marrow aspiration and genetic testing, led to the diagnosis of hereditary sideroblastic anemia alongside chronic atrophic gastritis. This case illustrates the diagnostic journey of anemia characterized by abnormal red blood cell morphology, aiming to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis, as well as prompt treatment, for such patients in clinical practice.
{"title":"A 9-year-old child presenting with anemia accompanied by abnormal red blood cell morphology","authors":"Huijun Qin , Yuan He , Zaixiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cases of anemia presenting with abnormal erythrocyte morphology often pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in patients with refractory anemia. Here, we present the case of a 9-year-old male patient under investigation for anemia, who had a history of anemia and received a blood transfusion at birth. Despite the absence of obvious clinical manifestations related to anemia thereafter, his condition was not given due consideration. The patient experienced a sudden onset of illness and was initially suspected to have thalassemia. However, subsequent pertinent examinations, notably bone marrow aspiration and genetic testing, led to the diagnosis of hereditary sideroblastic anemia alongside chronic atrophic gastritis. This case illustrates the diagnostic journey of anemia characterized by abnormal red blood cell morphology, aiming to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis, as well as prompt treatment, for such patients in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the investigation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancers is of great interest. In this research, we evaluated circHIPK3 biomarker potential in breast cancer (BC).
Methods
The studied samples were 100 cancer and adjacent normal tissues, plasma from 95 cancer patients, 42 patients with fibroadenomatosis, and 93 healthy donors. Illumina high-throughput Hi Seq 2000 sequencing performed expression profiling on 4 pairs of cancerous and normal breast tissues. For expression confirmation, Quantitative real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of circHIPK3. CircHIPK3 diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).
Results
Based on high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics results circHIPK3 had the highest expression in cancer tissues (P = 0.00034). Real-time results showed expression upregulation of circHIPK3 in BC tissues and plasma in comparison to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). For diagnostic potential, the area under the curve (AUC) result was 0.8087 (95 % CI: 0.7309 to 0.8866, P < 0.0001). Also, our results showed high specificity and sensitivity of circHIPK3 when evaluated alongside the CA-15-3 and CEA. Pathologic criteria evaluation showed that upregulation of circHIPK3 correlates with tumor size.
Conclusions
CircHIPK3 is significantly upregulated in BC tissues and plasma compared to healthy controls, demonstrating high diagnostic potential with an AUC of 0.8087. The expression of circHIPK3 correlates with tumor size, indicating its relevance in the pathologic assessment of BC.
{"title":"Evaluation of CircHIPK3 biomarker potential in breast cancer","authors":"Ensiyeh Bahadoran , Davood Mohammadi , Manijeh Jalilvand , Sahar Moghbelinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nowadays, the investigation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancers is of great interest. In this research, we evaluated circHIPK3 biomarker potential in breast cancer (BC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The studied samples were 100 cancer and adjacent normal tissues, plasma from 95 cancer patients, 42 patients with fibroadenomatosis, and 93 healthy donors. Illumina high-throughput Hi Seq 2000 sequencing performed expression profiling on 4 pairs of cancerous and normal breast tissues. For expression confirmation, Quantitative real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of circHIPK3. CircHIPK3 diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics results circHIPK3 had the highest expression in cancer tissues (<em>P</em> = 0.00034). Real-time results showed expression upregulation of circHIPK3 in BC tissues and plasma in comparison to healthy controls (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). For diagnostic potential, the area under the curve (AUC) result was 0.8087 (95 % CI: 0.7309 to 0.8866, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). Also, our results showed high specificity and sensitivity of circHIPK3 when evaluated alongside the CA-15-3 and CEA. Pathologic criteria evaluation showed that upregulation of circHIPK3 correlates with tumor size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CircHIPK3 is significantly upregulated in BC tissues and plasma compared to healthy controls, demonstrating high diagnostic potential with an AUC of 0.8087. The expression of circHIPK3 correlates with tumor size, indicating its relevance in the pathologic assessment of BC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00476
Cuiyuan Huang , Jiajuan Yang , Wenqiang Li , Li Liu , Wei Wang , Haiyan Hu , Jing Zhang , Jian Yang
Background
Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is an innovative marker reflecting immune and inflammatory responses.
Objectives
To explore the predictive value of SII on the risk of death in patients with NSTEMI combined with T2DM.
Methods
An analysis of 448 patients with NSTEMI and T2DM admitted to our institution between December 2017 and May 2022 was conducted in this retrospective study. SII values were used to divide patients into high and low SII groups and investigate their impact on mortality.
Results
According to the analysis results, elevated SII levels are significantly linked to a poor prognosis in patients with NSTEMI and T2DM. Over an average follow-up period of 22.75 months, 106 (23.7 %) all-cause deaths were recorded. The optimal threshold for predicting death was found to be an SII value of 1384.596 × 109/L through ROC curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the survival rates were higher in the low SII group compared to the high SII group (P < 0.001). Elevated SII levels were independently linked to increased mortality in patients with NSTEMI and T2DM, according to univariate (HR:3.19, 95 % Cl: 2.18–4.68) and multivariate COX (HR: 2.72, 95 % Cl: 1.81–4.09) regression analyses.
Conclusion
High SII values were strongly associated with mortality in patients with NSTEMI and T2DM. SII serves as a valuable prognostic tool, enhancing the management and prognosis of patients with concurrent NSTEMI and T2DM.
{"title":"SII as a predictor of mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus","authors":"Cuiyuan Huang , Jiajuan Yang , Wenqiang Li , Li Liu , Wei Wang , Haiyan Hu , Jing Zhang , Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is an innovative marker reflecting immune and inflammatory responses.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the predictive value of SII on the risk of death in patients with NSTEMI combined with T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analysis of 448 patients with NSTEMI and T2DM admitted to our institution between December 2017 and May 2022 was conducted in this retrospective study. SII values were used to divide patients into high and low SII groups and investigate their impact on mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to the analysis results, elevated SII levels are significantly linked to a poor prognosis in patients with NSTEMI and T2DM. Over an average follow-up period of 22.75 months, 106 (23.7 %) all-cause deaths were recorded. The optimal threshold for predicting death was found to be an SII value of 1384.596 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L through ROC curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the survival rates were higher in the low SII group compared to the high SII group (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Elevated SII levels were independently linked to increased mortality in patients with NSTEMI and T2DM, according to univariate (HR:3.19, 95 % Cl: 2.18–4.68) and multivariate COX (HR: 2.72, 95 % Cl: 1.81–4.09) regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High SII values were strongly associated with mortality in patients with NSTEMI and T2DM. SII serves as a valuable prognostic tool, enhancing the management and prognosis of patients with concurrent NSTEMI and T2DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00471
Yuting Wang , Quan Li , Yuhang Deng , Wenqing Wu , Cuiping Zhang , Yichi Zheng , Ming Guan , Haoqin Jiang
Catecholamines (CAs) and their metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma are potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitate early diagnosis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is the gold standard method for analyzing CAs. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay capable of simultaneously quantifying dopamine (DA), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), metanephrine (MN), normetanephrine (NMN), and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in both human CSF and plasma. Samples were processed by solid-phase extraction with a weak cation exchange adsorbent and then separated using an ultra-performance reversed-phase chromatography column. Analyte detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive-ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed assay was validated according to standard guidelines. The linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, carryover and stability were assessed to ensure compliance with specified criteria. The lower limits of quantification for DA, E, NE, MN, NMN, and 3-MT were 4.5, 2.5, 4.5, 2.5, 2, and 0.3 pg mL−1, respectively. The total runtime for a single sample was 6.5 min. These results demonstrated that the method was sensitive, rapid, and reliable for the simultaneous quantification of DA, E, NE, MN, NMN, and 3-MT in clinical practice. We successfully detected CAs and their metabolites in plasma and CSF samples from patients with normal cognition and AD. This study demonstrates an efficient laboratory workflow for high-throughput analysis of CAs and their metabolites and lays a foundation for further studies on AD biomarkers.
{"title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous quantification of catecholamines and metabolites in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid","authors":"Yuting Wang , Quan Li , Yuhang Deng , Wenqing Wu , Cuiping Zhang , Yichi Zheng , Ming Guan , Haoqin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catecholamines (CAs) and their metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma are potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitate early diagnosis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is the gold standard method for analyzing CAs. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay capable of simultaneously quantifying dopamine (DA), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), metanephrine (MN), normetanephrine (NMN), and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in both human CSF and plasma. Samples were processed by solid-phase extraction with a weak cation exchange adsorbent and then separated using an ultra-performance reversed-phase chromatography column. Analyte detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive-ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed assay was validated according to standard guidelines. The linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, carryover and stability were assessed to ensure compliance with specified criteria. The lower limits of quantification for DA, E, NE, MN, NMN, and 3-MT were 4.5, 2.5, 4.5, 2.5, 2, and 0.3 pg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The total runtime for a single sample was 6.5 min. These results demonstrated that the method was sensitive, rapid, and reliable for the simultaneous quantification of DA, E, NE, MN, NMN, and 3-MT in clinical practice. We successfully detected CAs and their metabolites in plasma and CSF samples from patients with normal cognition and AD. This study demonstrates an efficient laboratory workflow for high-throughput analysis of CAs and their metabolites and lays a foundation for further studies on AD biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00465
Xiaolei Xie, Weiguo Yin, Shuxia Xuan, Fuguang Li
The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is currently widely utilized in clinical laboratories. This paper describes a method of technical improvement on NGS, which increases the success rates of NGS detection. This study reveals that the DNA library concentration is the highest at a molar ratio of 100:1 for the adapter to DNA. The self-revised method for adaptor ligation can effectively improve the success rate of DNA library, particularly in manual operations. Additionally, the modified pooling method, which incorporates various DNA fragment sizes for different NGS projects, proves beneficial for medical laboratory applications.
{"title":"Technical improvement on next-generation sequencing in clinical application","authors":"Xiaolei Xie, Weiguo Yin, Shuxia Xuan, Fuguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is currently widely utilized in clinical laboratories. This paper describes a method of technical improvement on NGS, which increases the success rates of NGS detection. This study reveals that the DNA library concentration is the highest at a molar ratio of 100:1 for the adapter to DNA. The self-revised method for adaptor ligation can effectively improve the success rate of DNA library, particularly in manual operations. Additionally, the modified pooling method, which incorporates various DNA fragment sizes for different NGS projects, proves beneficial for medical laboratory applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00457
D. Legg-E’Silva , E.M. Cave , T. Snyman, S. Currin, N. Kone, K.L. Prigge
Background
Phaeochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma are catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumours. Biochemical screening for suspected cases of these tumours involves the measurement of catecholamines and their metabolites in either urine or plasma. The South African National Health Laboratory service (NHLS) measures urine fractionated metanephrines (UMF) and normetanephrines (UNF), urine vanillylmandelic acid (UVMA) and urine homovanillic acid (UHVA).
Objectives
To analyse the demographic, biochemical and testing patterns of patients’ UMF, UNF, UVMA and UHVA in the NHLS.
Methods
Data from January 2015 to December 2016 for all patients undergoing UMF, UNF, UVMA and UHVA testing was extracted from the NHLS central data warehouse. Neuroendocrine tumours were biochemically diagnosed when results were >2x multiples of the upper reference limits. Multiple testing was defined as ≥2 tests within a 14-day period. Ethnicity was determined through hot-deck imputation.
Results
Biochemically abnormal test results were identified by UMF/UNF measurements in 98.2 % of cases. In 1.8 % of cases, the addition of UVMA resulted in a previously unidentified biochemical positive. Adult white and coloured populations have significantly less biochemically positive UMF results compared to the African population. Multiple testing resulted in discordant results for 12.8 % of UMF and 13.1 % of UNF testing.
Conclusion
UVMA testing for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma offers little benefit over testing with UMF alone. Requesting consecutive multiple samples is preferred, however, a single 24-h fractionated UMF/UNF is efficient and cost-effective for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma screening, with further testing recommended when clinically indicated. African individuals are more likely to have raised catecholamines and requires further investigation.
{"title":"Biogenic amine testing in the South African public health care system","authors":"D. Legg-E’Silva , E.M. Cave , T. Snyman, S. Currin, N. Kone, K.L. Prigge","doi":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phaeochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma are catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumours. Biochemical screening for suspected cases of these tumours involves the measurement of catecholamines and their metabolites in either urine or plasma. The South African National Health Laboratory service (NHLS) measures urine fractionated metanephrines (UMF) and normetanephrines (UNF), urine vanillylmandelic acid (UVMA) and urine homovanillic acid (UHVA).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To analyse the demographic, biochemical and testing patterns of patients’ UMF, UNF, UVMA and UHVA in the NHLS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from January 2015 to December 2016 for all patients undergoing UMF, UNF, UVMA and UHVA testing was extracted from the NHLS central data warehouse. Neuroendocrine tumours were biochemically diagnosed when results were >2x multiples of the upper reference limits. Multiple testing was defined as ≥2 tests within a 14-day period. Ethnicity was determined through hot-deck imputation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Biochemically abnormal test results were identified by UMF/UNF measurements in 98.2 % of cases. In 1.8 % of cases, the addition of UVMA resulted in a previously unidentified biochemical positive. Adult white and coloured populations have significantly less biochemically positive UMF results compared to the African population. Multiple testing resulted in discordant results for 12.8 % of UMF and 13.1 % of UNF testing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>UVMA testing for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma offers little benefit over testing with UMF alone. Requesting consecutive multiple samples is preferred, however, a single 24-h fractionated UMF/UNF is efficient and cost-effective for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma screening, with further testing recommended when clinically indicated. African individuals are more likely to have raised catecholamines and requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20421,"journal":{"name":"Practical Laboratory Medicine","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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