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Interactive effects of light, water, soil type and competition on the endangered Minuartia smejkalii vary over time 光、水、土壤类型和竞争对濒临灭绝的斯米卡利米蒿的交互作用随时间而变化
IF 3.4 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.165
Sissi Lozada-Gobilard, Hana Pánková, Z. Münzbergová
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引用次数: 0
Cytogeography of invasive knotweeds (Fallopia sect. Reynoutria) in central Europe 入侵欧洲中部结缕草属植物的细胞地理学
IF 3.4 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.241
P. Mereďa, L. Mártonfiová, K. Skokanová, Stanislav Španiel, I. Hodálová
Fallopia sect. Reynoutria members (knotweeds) represent one of the most invasive alien plants in Europe. However, several aspects of their biology, including cytological variation are poorly understood. Specifically, some taxa have multiple ploidy levels and the frequency of cytotypes in seeds and seedlings does not correspond to that recorded in adult plants. In this study, flow cytometry was used to determine the relative genome size of 1,106 established plants of knotweeds (960 populations) collected in the Western Carpathians and adjacent area in Pannonia, and the results were combined with previous data (53 individuals from 43 populations) from the Krivánska Malá Fatra Mts. In total, 1,159 individuals from 1,003 populations (825 individuals from Slovakia, 173 from Hungary, 70 from Poland, 63 from Czechia and 28 from Austria) were evaluated. Fallopia sect. Reynoutria is represented mainly by the hexaploid (2n = 6x ~ 66) cytotype of F. ×bohemica (809 individuals) and octoploid (2n = 8x ~ 88) cytotype of F. japonica var. japonica (297 individuals) in the area studied. To a limited extent, the tetraploid (2n = 4x ~ 44) and hexaploid (2n = 6x ~ 66) cytotypes of F. sachalinensis (43 and 9 individuals, respectively) were also recorded. In addition, for the first time, adult aneuploid knotweed plants with 2n = 65 and 2n = 107 chromosomes (both in F. ×bohemica) were recorded in continental Europe and the world, respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of the tetraploid (2n = 4x ~ 44) cytotype of F. japonica previously reported in the area studied was not confirmed and it is likely this information is incorrect. This study revealed evidence of a climatically determined distribution of invasive knotweeds in the area studied. The occurrence of F. japonica var. japonica and F. sachalinensis decreased markedly along a north-west–south-east gradient, whereas the frequency of F. ×bohemica occurrence increased (from 15.7% in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians up to 98.5% in the Hungarian part of Pannonia).
落叶属植物(Fallopia)是欧洲入侵最严重的外来植物之一。然而,其生物学的几个方面,包括细胞学变异,了解甚少。具体而言,一些分类群具有多个倍性水平,种子和幼苗的细胞型频率与成年植物的记录不一致。本研究利用流式细胞术测定了在Pannonia西部喀尔巴阡山脉及其邻近地区收集的1,106株结缕子属植物(960个种群)的相对基因组大小,并将结果与先前在Krivánska mal Fatra Mts收集的43个种群53个个体的数据相结合,共评估了1,003个种群的1,159个个体(其中斯洛伐克825个,匈牙利173个,波兰70个,捷克63个,奥地利28个)。研究区黄叶属植物主要以黄叶属×bohemica(809株)的六倍体(2n = 6x ~ 66)细胞型和黄叶属japonica变种(297株)的八倍体(2n = 8x ~ 88)细胞型为代表。在一定程度上,还记录到了沙沙林赤杨的四倍体(2n = 4x ~ 44)和六倍体(2n = 6x ~ 66)细胞型(分别为43和9个)。此外,还首次在欧洲大陆和世界范围内分别发现了2n = 65和2n = 107染色体(均为F. ×bohemica)的非整倍体结缕草成虫。相比之下,先前在研究区域报道的粳稻四倍体(2n = 4x ~ 44)细胞型的出现没有得到证实,可能是不正确的。这项研究揭示了气候决定的证据入侵节草分布在研究地区。沿西北-东南方向,日本品种和萨沙林赤霉病的发生频率明显减少,而×bohemica赤霉病的发生频率则增加(从西喀尔巴阡山脉波兰地区的15.7%增加到潘诺尼亚匈牙利地区的98.5%)。
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引用次数: 1
Disentangling the taxonomic structure of the Allium paniculatum species complex in central and eastern Europe using molecular, cytogenetic and morphological tools 利用分子、细胞遗传学和形态学工具对中欧和东欧Allium paniculatum种复合体的分类结构进行分析
IF 3.4 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.119
Kateřina Vojtěchová, Lucie Kobrlová, P. Schönswetter, M. Duchoslav
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引用次数: 1
Modelling the location of interglacial microrefugia for cold-adapted species 冷适应物种的间冰期微避难所位置模拟
IF 3.4 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.267
T. Radoměřský, Přemysl Bobek, M. Man, Helena Svitavská Svobodová, P. Kuneš
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引用次数: 0
Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic 捷克共和国维管植物的分布
2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.001
Zdeněk Kaplan, Jiří Danihelka, Kateřina Šumberová, Jan Prančl, Jiří Velebil, Pavel Dřevojan, Michal Ducháček, Roman Businský, Radomír Řepka, Petr Maděra, Hana Galušková, Jan Wild, Josef Brůna
The twelfth part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 105 taxa in the genera Androsace, Anthemis, Aristolochia, Berteroa, Celtis, Cnidium, Cynodon, Descurainia, Echium, Erechtites, Euphorbia, Homogyne, Laserpitium, Linaria, Pinus, Rosa, Sesleria, Spiraea and Verbena. These maps were produced by taxonomic experts based on examined herbarium specimens, literature and field records. Both native and alien species are represented. In addition to widespread plants such as Berteroa incana, Descurainia sophia, Echium vulgare, Euphorbia cyparissias, Linaria vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris, plants that are rare or have more localized distributions were also studied, with 39 of them being on the national Red List. The highest rates of decline, smallest population sizes and the highest degree of population fragmentation are found in critically threatened species, represented by Androsace septentrionalis, Echium maculatum, Euphorbia salicifolia, Laserpitium archangelica and Sesleria uliginosa. Two species, Androsace maxima and Linaria arvensis, have been extirpated from this country; however, the former survives in a university botanical garden where it has become naturalized. With 13 archaeophytes and 41 neophytes among the mapped taxa, over a half of them are alien to the Czech Republic. Two of the alien species have become invasive. Pinus strobus has considerable physical impact on ecosystems particularly in sandstone landscapes, while Erechtites hieraciifolius started to be common mainly in forest clearings, with this spread being facilitated by the increasing extent of this habitat in the landscape due to the recent bark beetle outbreak. Another species that regionally started to spread intensively during recent decades is Cynodon dactylon. Five species were identified as new neophytes for the Czech Republic. Of these, Aristolochia macrophylla and Pinus contorta escaped from cultivation, Euphorbia nutans and Verbena incompta were unintentionally imported with various commodities, whereas Linaria dalmatica was introduced through the combination of intentional sowing and spontaneous escape from cultivation. Important revisions and adjustments are provided for taxonomically difficult and species-rich genera such as Euphorbia, Pinus, Rosa, Spiraea and Verbena. Spatial distributions and often also temporal dynamics of individual taxa are shown in maps and documented by records included in the Pladias database and available in the Supplementary materials. The maps are accompanied by comments that include additional information on the distribution, habitats, taxonomy and biology of the taxa.
捷克共和国维管植物分布系列的第十二部分包括Androsace、Anthemis、Aristolochia、Berteroa、Celtis、Cnidium、Cynodon、Descurainia、Echium、erectites、Euphorbia、Homogyne、Laserpitium、Linaria、Pinus、Rosa、Sesleria、绣线菊和马鞭草属105个分类群的网格图。这些地图是由分类学专家根据检查过的植物标本、文献和实地记录制作的。既有本地物种,也有外来物种。除了广泛分布的植物如鸢尾花、鸢尾花、紫堇、大戟、梧桐树和松树外,还研究了稀有或更局部分布的植物,其中39种植物被列入国家红色名录。严重濒危物种的下降率最高,种群规模最小,种群破碎化程度最高,主要表现为Androsace septentrionalis、Echium maculatum、Euphorbia salicifolia、Laserpitium archangelica和Sesleria uliginosa。两种,Androsace maxima和Linaria arvensis,已经从这个国家灭绝;然而,前者存活在一所大学的植物园里,在那里它已经归化了。在绘制的分类群中,有13种古植物和41种新植物,其中一半以上是捷克共和国的外来物种。其中两种外来物种已成为入侵物种。油松(Pinus strobus)对生态系统有相当大的物理影响,特别是在砂岩景观中,而erectites hieraciifolius主要在森林空地中开始普遍存在,由于最近树皮甲虫的爆发,这种栖息地在景观中的范围不断扩大,促进了这种传播。另一个在最近几十年开始区域性密集传播的物种是长齿鲨。在捷克共和国发现了5种新植物。其中,大叶马兜铃(Aristolochia macrophylla)和曲松(Pinus contorta)因逃逸种植,大胡麻(Euphorbia nutans)和马鞭草(马鞭草incompta)因多种商品而非有意进口,而马鞭草(Linaria dalatica)则是通过有意播种和自发逃逸种植相结合的方式引进的。对大戟属(Euphorbia)、松属(Pinus)、蔷薇属(Rosa)、绣线菊属(Spiraea)和马鞭草属(马鞭草属)等分类学困难、种类丰富的属进行了重要的修订和调整。单个分类群的空间分布和时间动态通常在地图上显示,并由Pladias数据库中的记录记录,并在补充材料中提供。这些地图附有注释,其中包括有关该分类群的分布、栖息地、分类和生物学的额外信息。
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引用次数: 1
Formalized classification of the class Montio-Cardaminetea in Europe 欧洲Montio-Cardaminetea类的正式分类
2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.347
Tomáš Peterka, Petra Hájková, Martin Jiroušek, Dirk Hinterlang, Milan Chytrý, Liene Aunina, Judit Deme, Melinda Lyons, Hallie Seiler, Harald Zechmeister, Iva Apostolova, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Melanie Bischof, Claudia Biţă-Nicolae, Lisa Brancaleoni, Renata Ćušterevska, Jürgen Dengler, Yakiv Didukh, Daniel Dítě, Lyubov Felbaba-Klushyna, Emmanuel Garbolino, Renato Gerdol, Svitlana Iemelianova, Florian Jansen, Riikka Juutinen, Jasmina Kamberović, Jutta Kapfer, Barbora Klímová, Ilona Knollová, Tiina H. M. Kolari, Predrag Lazarević, Ringa Luostarinen, Eva Mikulášková, Đorđije Milanović, Luca Miserere, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, José A. Molina, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Alessandro Petraglia, Marta Puglisi, Eszter Ruprecht, Eva Šmerdová, Daniel Spitale, Marcello Tomaselli, Kiril Vassilev, Michal Hájek
The class Montio-Cardaminetea includes vegetation of springs with constant water flow. These habitats, which function as islands for highly specialized and sensitive biota, are endangered by ongoing landscape and climatic changes. Although a harmonized classification into vegetation units is necessary for effective habitat conservation, there is currently no synthetic classification of the class Montio-Cardaminetea. Here a large set of vegetation-plot records was obtained from national and private databases. The aim was to validate the EuroVegChecklist classification scheme, search for additional ecologically meaningful vegetation types and develop an automatic system for classifying new plots from Europe. We formally defined the cores of eight of the ten EuroVegChecklist alliances: Caricion remotae, Cratoneurion commutati, Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati, Epilobio nutantis-Montion, KoenigioMicrojuncion, Mniobryo-Epilobion hornemanii, Philonotidion seriatae (Cardamino-Montion) and Swertio perennis-Anisothecion squarrosi, which were also reproduced by unsupervised classifications. Both unsupervised and semi-supervised classifications further suggested two alliances not previously recognized in the EuroVegChecklist: Anthelion julaceae (liverwortdominated subalpine to alpine springs in highly oceanic regions in Britain) and Cratoneuro filicini-Calthion laetae (mesotrophic herb-rich subalpine and alpine springs). The unsupervised classifications mainly reflected the base saturation gradient, distinguishing between calcareous and non-calcareous springs. Therefore, it is suggested the order Montio-Cardaminetalia, which is broadly delimited in the EuroVegChecklist, be divided into two separate orders and the following three orders should be distinguished within the class Montio-Cardaminetea: CardaminoChrysosplenietalia (non-calcareous forest springs; Caricion remotae), Cardamino-Cratoneuretalia (calcareous springs; Cratoneurion commutati, Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati) and Montio-Cardaminetalia (non-calcareous non-forest springs; all other alliances).
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引用次数: 0
Inventory of the halophytes in inland central Europe 中欧内陆盐生植物目录
IF 3.4 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.215
D. Dítě, R. Šuvada, T. Tóth, Zuzana Dítě
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引用次数: 2
Do threatened species occur in species-rich vegetation? 濒危物种是否出现在物种丰富的植被中?
IF 3.4 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.297
Josep Padullés Cubino, P. Fibich, J. Lepš, M. Chytrý, J. Těšitel
Conservation strategies often assume that the total number of species at a specific location can be used as a proxy for other biodiversity dimensions, such as, the presence of rare and threatened species. However, the validity of this assumption remains unclear, particularly at the plot scale. Here, we used ~17,000 vegetation plots sampled across the Czech Republic to examine the relationship between the occurrence of threatened plant species and species richness in temperate forest and grassland communities. For each individual species, the median, range, and skewness of species richness in the plots in which it occurred were used to define its distribution along the community species richness gradient. These parameters were then compared for threatened and non-threatened species. We also compared the observed values with those obtained under a null expectation to test whether threatened species occurred at random with respect to species richness. On average, threatened species occurred in species-richer plots than non-threatened species. In addition, threatened species assembled non-randomly with respect to species richness, as they occurred more often in species-richer forests but speciespoorer grasslands than expected by chance. The occurrence pattern of threatened species in relation to species richness was driven by the species-pool sizes of individual habitats. Threatened species associated with low species richness were thus found in extreme habitats, such as bogs, salt marshes, peat forests, and alpine grasslands characterized by small species pools. In contrast, threatened species associated with high species richness were often found in subcontinental semi-dry grasslands and dry thermophilous forests with large species pools. Threatened species also occurred over shorter species richness gradients and were more symmetrically distributed along these gradients than non-threatened species. These patterns may reflect a high habitat specialization of threatened species or strict requirements for habitat quality. We therefore suggest that species richness is a poor indicator of conservation value when comparing habitats and geographic regions. Targeting specific habitats and using the presence or percentage of threatened or specialized species as indicators may provide better assessment of conservation value.
保护策略通常假设特定地点的物种总数可以作为其他生物多样性维度的代表,例如稀有和受威胁物种的存在。然而,这种假设的有效性仍然不清楚,特别是在地块尺度上。在这里,我们使用了捷克共和国近17,000个植被样地的样本来研究温带森林和草地群落中濒危植物物种的发生与物种丰富度之间的关系。对于每个物种,利用其发生样地的物种丰富度中位数、范围和偏度来确定其沿群落物种丰富度梯度的分布。然后将这些参数用于受威胁物种和非受威胁物种进行比较。我们还将观测值与零期望下的观测值进行了比较,以检验物种丰富度方面受威胁物种是否随机发生。平均而言,受威胁物种比非受威胁物种发生在物种丰富的样地。此外,在物种丰富度方面,受威胁物种的聚集不是随机的,因为它们更多地发生在物种丰富的森林中,而物种较少的草地中。受威胁物种发生格局与物种丰富度的关系受个体生境物种库大小的驱动。物种丰富度较低的濒危物种主要分布在物种池较小的沼泽、盐沼、泥炭林和高寒草原等极端生境。物种丰富度高的濒危物种多分布在次大陆半干草原和物种库较大的干热森林。受威胁物种也出现在较短的物种丰富度梯度上,并且在这些梯度上的分布比非受威胁物种更加对称。这些模式可能反映了受威胁物种的高度栖息地专业化或对栖息地质量的严格要求。因此,我们认为在比较生境和地理区域时,物种丰富度是一个较差的保护价值指标。以特定生境为目标,利用受威胁或特殊物种的存在或百分比作为指标,可以更好地评估保护价值。
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引用次数: 0
Pollen anthropogenic indicators revisited using large-scale pollen and archaeological datasets 利用大尺度花粉和考古数据集重新考察了花粉人为指标
2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.385
Vojtěch Abraham, Martin Macek, Peter Tkáč, David Novák, Petr Pokorný, Radka Kozáková, Eva Jamrichová, Markéta Gabriela Soukupová, Jan Kolář
Tracing human-vegetation interactions that occurred in the past has always been one of the key topics of paleoecology. Here we use the pollen and archaeological databases available for the Czech Republic to determine links between individual pollen taxa and archaeological data and search for the spatial scales of comparability. The datasets include 1,500 pollen samples and 65,000 archaeological components covering the period from 12,000 to 700 cal. BP, divided into time windows of 250 years. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to measure the link between pollen and archaeological data at different sites. Using generalized additive models for the whole dataset, we explained the variance of pollen by archaeologically registered human activities and by two environmental variables. The first was the overall trend for each taxon in the Holocene representing the long-term dynamics of the species, the second was the elevation of pollen sites. Both factors affect species representation over the whole period studied or/and the area and cannot be statistically separated from human-induced changes. Both decrease the indicative strength of anthropogenic pollen; however, elevation did so more than the Holocene trend, since past human activities and elevation are strongly correlated and account for the first main gradient. The pollen taxa with a positive correlation with the level of past human activity, indicated by all methods, are: Plantago lanceolata, Artemisia and Amaranthaceae, resprouting edible trees that tolerate fire and pruning (Quercus) and pioneer trees (Pinus). Probability indicating the presence or absence of archaeological evidence when pollen of these species is present or absent is high (0.56–0.76). However, explained variability by the full model is Preslia 95: 385–411, 2023 doi: 10.23855/preslia.2023.385 Preslia Received: 18 Jun 2022; Revised: 31 Jan 2023; Accepted: 5 Sep 2023; Published: 29 Sep 2023 low (0.01–0.09). Fagus, Carpinus and Abies expand during the late-successional stages after human disturbance, therefore their relationships to past human activity are negative when considering a 250-year time window. Secale does not correlate at the level of individual sites due to its late appearance during the Holocene. We ascribe the weak relationship between archaeological data and pollen of Cerealia to inconsistent determinations. The radius of comparability of pollen and archaeological evidence is around tens of kilometres due to the spatial resolution of archaeology is the area of a parish, but lower for herbaceous plants (15–20 km) than for trees (30–40 km). This critical comparison delimits overlaps and gaps between widely-used assumptions and data-based evidence.
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引用次数: 0
Martin7 Martin7
2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.311
Jan Vondrák, Stanislav Svoboda, Jiří Košnar, Jiří Malíček, Jaroslav Šoun, Ivan Frolov, Måns Svensson, Petr Novotný, Zdeněk Palice
{"title":"Martin7","authors":"Jan Vondrák, Stanislav Svoboda, Jiří Košnar, Jiří Malíček, Jaroslav Šoun, Ivan Frolov, Måns Svensson, Petr Novotný, Zdeněk Palice","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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