Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.165
Sissi Lozada-Gobilard, Hana Pánková, Z. Münzbergová
{"title":"Interactive effects of light, water, soil type and competition on the endangered Minuartia smejkalii vary over time","authors":"Sissi Lozada-Gobilard, Hana Pánková, Z. Münzbergová","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76130026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.241
P. Mereďa, L. Mártonfiová, K. Skokanová, Stanislav Španiel, I. Hodálová
Fallopia sect. Reynoutria members (knotweeds) represent one of the most invasive alien plants in Europe. However, several aspects of their biology, including cytological variation are poorly understood. Specifically, some taxa have multiple ploidy levels and the frequency of cytotypes in seeds and seedlings does not correspond to that recorded in adult plants. In this study, flow cytometry was used to determine the relative genome size of 1,106 established plants of knotweeds (960 populations) collected in the Western Carpathians and adjacent area in Pannonia, and the results were combined with previous data (53 individuals from 43 populations) from the Krivánska Malá Fatra Mts. In total, 1,159 individuals from 1,003 populations (825 individuals from Slovakia, 173 from Hungary, 70 from Poland, 63 from Czechia and 28 from Austria) were evaluated. Fallopia sect. Reynoutria is represented mainly by the hexaploid (2n = 6x ~ 66) cytotype of F. ×bohemica (809 individuals) and octoploid (2n = 8x ~ 88) cytotype of F. japonica var. japonica (297 individuals) in the area studied. To a limited extent, the tetraploid (2n = 4x ~ 44) and hexaploid (2n = 6x ~ 66) cytotypes of F. sachalinensis (43 and 9 individuals, respectively) were also recorded. In addition, for the first time, adult aneuploid knotweed plants with 2n = 65 and 2n = 107 chromosomes (both in F. ×bohemica) were recorded in continental Europe and the world, respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of the tetraploid (2n = 4x ~ 44) cytotype of F. japonica previously reported in the area studied was not confirmed and it is likely this information is incorrect. This study revealed evidence of a climatically determined distribution of invasive knotweeds in the area studied. The occurrence of F. japonica var. japonica and F. sachalinensis decreased markedly along a north-west–south-east gradient, whereas the frequency of F. ×bohemica occurrence increased (from 15.7% in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians up to 98.5% in the Hungarian part of Pannonia).
{"title":"Cytogeography of invasive knotweeds (Fallopia sect. Reynoutria) in central Europe","authors":"P. Mereďa, L. Mártonfiová, K. Skokanová, Stanislav Španiel, I. Hodálová","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.241","url":null,"abstract":"Fallopia sect. Reynoutria members (knotweeds) represent one of the most invasive alien plants in Europe. However, several aspects of their biology, including cytological variation are poorly understood. Specifically, some taxa have multiple ploidy levels and the frequency of cytotypes in seeds and seedlings does not correspond to that recorded in adult plants. In this study, flow cytometry was used to determine the relative genome size of 1,106 established plants of knotweeds (960 populations) collected in the Western Carpathians and adjacent area in Pannonia, and the results were combined with previous data (53 individuals from 43 populations) from the Krivánska Malá Fatra Mts. In total, 1,159 individuals from 1,003 populations (825 individuals from Slovakia, 173 from Hungary, 70 from Poland, 63 from Czechia and 28 from Austria) were evaluated. Fallopia sect. Reynoutria is represented mainly by the hexaploid (2n = 6x ~ 66) cytotype of F. ×bohemica (809 individuals) and octoploid (2n = 8x ~ 88) cytotype of F. japonica var. japonica (297 individuals) in the area studied. To a limited extent, the tetraploid (2n = 4x ~ 44) and hexaploid (2n = 6x ~ 66) cytotypes of F. sachalinensis (43 and 9 individuals, respectively) were also recorded. In addition, for the first time, adult aneuploid knotweed plants with 2n = 65 and 2n = 107 chromosomes (both in F. ×bohemica) were recorded in continental Europe and the world, respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of the tetraploid (2n = 4x ~ 44) cytotype of F. japonica previously reported in the area studied was not confirmed and it is likely this information is incorrect. This study revealed evidence of a climatically determined distribution of invasive knotweeds in the area studied. The occurrence of F. japonica var. japonica and F. sachalinensis decreased markedly along a north-west–south-east gradient, whereas the frequency of F. ×bohemica occurrence increased (from 15.7% in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians up to 98.5% in the Hungarian part of Pannonia).","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82860795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.119
Kateřina Vojtěchová, Lucie Kobrlová, P. Schönswetter, M. Duchoslav
{"title":"Disentangling the taxonomic structure of the Allium paniculatum species complex in central and eastern Europe using molecular, cytogenetic and morphological tools","authors":"Kateřina Vojtěchová, Lucie Kobrlová, P. Schönswetter, M. Duchoslav","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.267
T. Radoměřský, Přemysl Bobek, M. Man, Helena Svitavská Svobodová, P. Kuneš
{"title":"Modelling the location of interglacial microrefugia for cold-adapted species","authors":"T. Radoměřský, Přemysl Bobek, M. Man, Helena Svitavská Svobodová, P. Kuneš","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79960599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.001
Zdeněk Kaplan, Jiří Danihelka, Kateřina Šumberová, Jan Prančl, Jiří Velebil, Pavel Dřevojan, Michal Ducháček, Roman Businský, Radomír Řepka, Petr Maděra, Hana Galušková, Jan Wild, Josef Brůna
The twelfth part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 105 taxa in the genera Androsace, Anthemis, Aristolochia, Berteroa, Celtis, Cnidium, Cynodon, Descurainia, Echium, Erechtites, Euphorbia, Homogyne, Laserpitium, Linaria, Pinus, Rosa, Sesleria, Spiraea and Verbena. These maps were produced by taxonomic experts based on examined herbarium specimens, literature and field records. Both native and alien species are represented. In addition to widespread plants such as Berteroa incana, Descurainia sophia, Echium vulgare, Euphorbia cyparissias, Linaria vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris, plants that are rare or have more localized distributions were also studied, with 39 of them being on the national Red List. The highest rates of decline, smallest population sizes and the highest degree of population fragmentation are found in critically threatened species, represented by Androsace septentrionalis, Echium maculatum, Euphorbia salicifolia, Laserpitium archangelica and Sesleria uliginosa. Two species, Androsace maxima and Linaria arvensis, have been extirpated from this country; however, the former survives in a university botanical garden where it has become naturalized. With 13 archaeophytes and 41 neophytes among the mapped taxa, over a half of them are alien to the Czech Republic. Two of the alien species have become invasive. Pinus strobus has considerable physical impact on ecosystems particularly in sandstone landscapes, while Erechtites hieraciifolius started to be common mainly in forest clearings, with this spread being facilitated by the increasing extent of this habitat in the landscape due to the recent bark beetle outbreak. Another species that regionally started to spread intensively during recent decades is Cynodon dactylon. Five species were identified as new neophytes for the Czech Republic. Of these, Aristolochia macrophylla and Pinus contorta escaped from cultivation, Euphorbia nutans and Verbena incompta were unintentionally imported with various commodities, whereas Linaria dalmatica was introduced through the combination of intentional sowing and spontaneous escape from cultivation. Important revisions and adjustments are provided for taxonomically difficult and species-rich genera such as Euphorbia, Pinus, Rosa, Spiraea and Verbena. Spatial distributions and often also temporal dynamics of individual taxa are shown in maps and documented by records included in the Pladias database and available in the Supplementary materials. The maps are accompanied by comments that include additional information on the distribution, habitats, taxonomy and biology of the taxa.
{"title":"Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic","authors":"Zdeněk Kaplan, Jiří Danihelka, Kateřina Šumberová, Jan Prančl, Jiří Velebil, Pavel Dřevojan, Michal Ducháček, Roman Businský, Radomír Řepka, Petr Maděra, Hana Galušková, Jan Wild, Josef Brůna","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"The twelfth part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 105 taxa in the genera Androsace, Anthemis, Aristolochia, Berteroa, Celtis, Cnidium, Cynodon, Descurainia, Echium, Erechtites, Euphorbia, Homogyne, Laserpitium, Linaria, Pinus, Rosa, Sesleria, Spiraea and Verbena. These maps were produced by taxonomic experts based on examined herbarium specimens, literature and field records. Both native and alien species are represented. In addition to widespread plants such as Berteroa incana, Descurainia sophia, Echium vulgare, Euphorbia cyparissias, Linaria vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris, plants that are rare or have more localized distributions were also studied, with 39 of them being on the national Red List. The highest rates of decline, smallest population sizes and the highest degree of population fragmentation are found in critically threatened species, represented by Androsace septentrionalis, Echium maculatum, Euphorbia salicifolia, Laserpitium archangelica and Sesleria uliginosa. Two species, Androsace maxima and Linaria arvensis, have been extirpated from this country; however, the former survives in a university botanical garden where it has become naturalized. With 13 archaeophytes and 41 neophytes among the mapped taxa, over a half of them are alien to the Czech Republic. Two of the alien species have become invasive. Pinus strobus has considerable physical impact on ecosystems particularly in sandstone landscapes, while Erechtites hieraciifolius started to be common mainly in forest clearings, with this spread being facilitated by the increasing extent of this habitat in the landscape due to the recent bark beetle outbreak. Another species that regionally started to spread intensively during recent decades is Cynodon dactylon. Five species were identified as new neophytes for the Czech Republic. Of these, Aristolochia macrophylla and Pinus contorta escaped from cultivation, Euphorbia nutans and Verbena incompta were unintentionally imported with various commodities, whereas Linaria dalmatica was introduced through the combination of intentional sowing and spontaneous escape from cultivation. Important revisions and adjustments are provided for taxonomically difficult and species-rich genera such as Euphorbia, Pinus, Rosa, Spiraea and Verbena. Spatial distributions and often also temporal dynamics of individual taxa are shown in maps and documented by records included in the Pladias database and available in the Supplementary materials. The maps are accompanied by comments that include additional information on the distribution, habitats, taxonomy and biology of the taxa.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.347
Tomáš Peterka, Petra Hájková, Martin Jiroušek, Dirk Hinterlang, Milan Chytrý, Liene Aunina, Judit Deme, Melinda Lyons, Hallie Seiler, Harald Zechmeister, Iva Apostolova, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Melanie Bischof, Claudia Biţă-Nicolae, Lisa Brancaleoni, Renata Ćušterevska, Jürgen Dengler, Yakiv Didukh, Daniel Dítě, Lyubov Felbaba-Klushyna, Emmanuel Garbolino, Renato Gerdol, Svitlana Iemelianova, Florian Jansen, Riikka Juutinen, Jasmina Kamberović, Jutta Kapfer, Barbora Klímová, Ilona Knollová, Tiina H. M. Kolari, Predrag Lazarević, Ringa Luostarinen, Eva Mikulášková, Đorđije Milanović, Luca Miserere, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, José A. Molina, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Alessandro Petraglia, Marta Puglisi, Eszter Ruprecht, Eva Šmerdová, Daniel Spitale, Marcello Tomaselli, Kiril Vassilev, Michal Hájek
The class Montio-Cardaminetea includes vegetation of springs with constant water flow. These habitats, which function as islands for highly specialized and sensitive biota, are endangered by ongoing landscape and climatic changes. Although a harmonized classification into vegetation units is necessary for effective habitat conservation, there is currently no synthetic classification of the class Montio-Cardaminetea. Here a large set of vegetation-plot records was obtained from national and private databases. The aim was to validate the EuroVegChecklist classification scheme, search for additional ecologically meaningful vegetation types and develop an automatic system for classifying new plots from Europe. We formally defined the cores of eight of the ten EuroVegChecklist alliances: Caricion remotae, Cratoneurion commutati, Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati, Epilobio nutantis-Montion, KoenigioMicrojuncion, Mniobryo-Epilobion hornemanii, Philonotidion seriatae (Cardamino-Montion) and Swertio perennis-Anisothecion squarrosi, which were also reproduced by unsupervised classifications. Both unsupervised and semi-supervised classifications further suggested two alliances not previously recognized in the EuroVegChecklist: Anthelion julaceae (liverwortdominated subalpine to alpine springs in highly oceanic regions in Britain) and Cratoneuro filicini-Calthion laetae (mesotrophic herb-rich subalpine and alpine springs). The unsupervised classifications mainly reflected the base saturation gradient, distinguishing between calcareous and non-calcareous springs. Therefore, it is suggested the order Montio-Cardaminetalia, which is broadly delimited in the EuroVegChecklist, be divided into two separate orders and the following three orders should be distinguished within the class Montio-Cardaminetea: CardaminoChrysosplenietalia (non-calcareous forest springs; Caricion remotae), Cardamino-Cratoneuretalia (calcareous springs; Cratoneurion commutati, Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati) and Montio-Cardaminetalia (non-calcareous non-forest springs; all other alliances).
{"title":"Formalized classification of the class Montio-Cardaminetea in Europe","authors":"Tomáš Peterka, Petra Hájková, Martin Jiroušek, Dirk Hinterlang, Milan Chytrý, Liene Aunina, Judit Deme, Melinda Lyons, Hallie Seiler, Harald Zechmeister, Iva Apostolova, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Melanie Bischof, Claudia Biţă-Nicolae, Lisa Brancaleoni, Renata Ćušterevska, Jürgen Dengler, Yakiv Didukh, Daniel Dítě, Lyubov Felbaba-Klushyna, Emmanuel Garbolino, Renato Gerdol, Svitlana Iemelianova, Florian Jansen, Riikka Juutinen, Jasmina Kamberović, Jutta Kapfer, Barbora Klímová, Ilona Knollová, Tiina H. M. Kolari, Predrag Lazarević, Ringa Luostarinen, Eva Mikulášková, Đorđije Milanović, Luca Miserere, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, José A. Molina, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Alessandro Petraglia, Marta Puglisi, Eszter Ruprecht, Eva Šmerdová, Daniel Spitale, Marcello Tomaselli, Kiril Vassilev, Michal Hájek","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.347","url":null,"abstract":"The class Montio-Cardaminetea includes vegetation of springs with constant water flow. These habitats, which function as islands for highly specialized and sensitive biota, are endangered by ongoing landscape and climatic changes. Although a harmonized classification into vegetation units is necessary for effective habitat conservation, there is currently no synthetic classification of the class Montio-Cardaminetea. Here a large set of vegetation-plot records was obtained from national and private databases. The aim was to validate the EuroVegChecklist classification scheme, search for additional ecologically meaningful vegetation types and develop an automatic system for classifying new plots from Europe. We formally defined the cores of eight of the ten EuroVegChecklist alliances: Caricion remotae, Cratoneurion commutati, Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati, Epilobio nutantis-Montion, KoenigioMicrojuncion, Mniobryo-Epilobion hornemanii, Philonotidion seriatae (Cardamino-Montion) and Swertio perennis-Anisothecion squarrosi, which were also reproduced by unsupervised classifications. Both unsupervised and semi-supervised classifications further suggested two alliances not previously recognized in the EuroVegChecklist: Anthelion julaceae (liverwortdominated subalpine to alpine springs in highly oceanic regions in Britain) and Cratoneuro filicini-Calthion laetae (mesotrophic herb-rich subalpine and alpine springs). The unsupervised classifications mainly reflected the base saturation gradient, distinguishing between calcareous and non-calcareous springs. Therefore, it is suggested the order Montio-Cardaminetalia, which is broadly delimited in the EuroVegChecklist, be divided into two separate orders and the following three orders should be distinguished within the class Montio-Cardaminetea: CardaminoChrysosplenietalia (non-calcareous forest springs; Caricion remotae), Cardamino-Cratoneuretalia (calcareous springs; Cratoneurion commutati, Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati) and Montio-Cardaminetalia (non-calcareous non-forest springs; all other alliances).","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.215
D. Dítě, R. Šuvada, T. Tóth, Zuzana Dítě
{"title":"Inventory of the halophytes in inland central Europe","authors":"D. Dítě, R. Šuvada, T. Tóth, Zuzana Dítě","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87480814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.297
Josep Padullés Cubino, P. Fibich, J. Lepš, M. Chytrý, J. Těšitel
Conservation strategies often assume that the total number of species at a specific location can be used as a proxy for other biodiversity dimensions, such as, the presence of rare and threatened species. However, the validity of this assumption remains unclear, particularly at the plot scale. Here, we used ~17,000 vegetation plots sampled across the Czech Republic to examine the relationship between the occurrence of threatened plant species and species richness in temperate forest and grassland communities. For each individual species, the median, range, and skewness of species richness in the plots in which it occurred were used to define its distribution along the community species richness gradient. These parameters were then compared for threatened and non-threatened species. We also compared the observed values with those obtained under a null expectation to test whether threatened species occurred at random with respect to species richness. On average, threatened species occurred in species-richer plots than non-threatened species. In addition, threatened species assembled non-randomly with respect to species richness, as they occurred more often in species-richer forests but speciespoorer grasslands than expected by chance. The occurrence pattern of threatened species in relation to species richness was driven by the species-pool sizes of individual habitats. Threatened species associated with low species richness were thus found in extreme habitats, such as bogs, salt marshes, peat forests, and alpine grasslands characterized by small species pools. In contrast, threatened species associated with high species richness were often found in subcontinental semi-dry grasslands and dry thermophilous forests with large species pools. Threatened species also occurred over shorter species richness gradients and were more symmetrically distributed along these gradients than non-threatened species. These patterns may reflect a high habitat specialization of threatened species or strict requirements for habitat quality. We therefore suggest that species richness is a poor indicator of conservation value when comparing habitats and geographic regions. Targeting specific habitats and using the presence or percentage of threatened or specialized species as indicators may provide better assessment of conservation value.
{"title":"Do threatened species occur in species-rich vegetation?","authors":"Josep Padullés Cubino, P. Fibich, J. Lepš, M. Chytrý, J. Těšitel","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.297","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation strategies often assume that the total number of species at a specific location can be used as a proxy for other biodiversity dimensions, such as, the presence of rare and threatened species. However, the validity of this assumption remains unclear, particularly at the plot scale. Here, we used ~17,000 vegetation plots sampled across the Czech Republic to examine the relationship between the occurrence of threatened plant species and species richness in temperate forest and grassland communities. For each individual species, the median, range, and skewness of species richness in the plots in which it occurred were used to define its distribution along the community species richness gradient. These parameters were then compared for threatened and non-threatened species. We also compared the observed values with those obtained under a null expectation to test whether threatened species occurred at random with respect to species richness. On average, threatened species occurred in species-richer plots than non-threatened species. In addition, threatened species assembled non-randomly with respect to species richness, as they occurred more often in species-richer forests but speciespoorer grasslands than expected by chance. The occurrence pattern of threatened species in relation to species richness was driven by the species-pool sizes of individual habitats. Threatened species associated with low species richness were thus found in extreme habitats, such as bogs, salt marshes, peat forests, and alpine grasslands characterized by small species pools. In contrast, threatened species associated with high species richness were often found in subcontinental semi-dry grasslands and dry thermophilous forests with large species pools. Threatened species also occurred over shorter species richness gradients and were more symmetrically distributed along these gradients than non-threatened species. These patterns may reflect a high habitat specialization of threatened species or strict requirements for habitat quality. We therefore suggest that species richness is a poor indicator of conservation value when comparing habitats and geographic regions. Targeting specific habitats and using the presence or percentage of threatened or specialized species as indicators may provide better assessment of conservation value.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74184219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.385
Vojtěch Abraham, Martin Macek, Peter Tkáč, David Novák, Petr Pokorný, Radka Kozáková, Eva Jamrichová, Markéta Gabriela Soukupová, Jan Kolář
Tracing human-vegetation interactions that occurred in the past has always been one of the key topics of paleoecology. Here we use the pollen and archaeological databases available for the Czech Republic to determine links between individual pollen taxa and archaeological data and search for the spatial scales of comparability. The datasets include 1,500 pollen samples and 65,000 archaeological components covering the period from 12,000 to 700 cal. BP, divided into time windows of 250 years. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to measure the link between pollen and archaeological data at different sites. Using generalized additive models for the whole dataset, we explained the variance of pollen by archaeologically registered human activities and by two environmental variables. The first was the overall trend for each taxon in the Holocene representing the long-term dynamics of the species, the second was the elevation of pollen sites. Both factors affect species representation over the whole period studied or/and the area and cannot be statistically separated from human-induced changes. Both decrease the indicative strength of anthropogenic pollen; however, elevation did so more than the Holocene trend, since past human activities and elevation are strongly correlated and account for the first main gradient. The pollen taxa with a positive correlation with the level of past human activity, indicated by all methods, are: Plantago lanceolata, Artemisia and Amaranthaceae, resprouting edible trees that tolerate fire and pruning (Quercus) and pioneer trees (Pinus). Probability indicating the presence or absence of archaeological evidence when pollen of these species is present or absent is high (0.56–0.76). However, explained variability by the full model is Preslia 95: 385–411, 2023 doi: 10.23855/preslia.2023.385 Preslia Received: 18 Jun 2022; Revised: 31 Jan 2023; Accepted: 5 Sep 2023; Published: 29 Sep 2023 low (0.01–0.09). Fagus, Carpinus and Abies expand during the late-successional stages after human disturbance, therefore their relationships to past human activity are negative when considering a 250-year time window. Secale does not correlate at the level of individual sites due to its late appearance during the Holocene. We ascribe the weak relationship between archaeological data and pollen of Cerealia to inconsistent determinations. The radius of comparability of pollen and archaeological evidence is around tens of kilometres due to the spatial resolution of archaeology is the area of a parish, but lower for herbaceous plants (15–20 km) than for trees (30–40 km). This critical comparison delimits overlaps and gaps between widely-used assumptions and data-based evidence.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2023.311
Jan Vondrák, Stanislav Svoboda, Jiří Košnar, Jiří Malíček, Jaroslav Šoun, Ivan Frolov, Måns Svensson, Petr Novotný, Zdeněk Palice
{"title":"Martin7","authors":"Jan Vondrák, Stanislav Svoboda, Jiří Košnar, Jiří Malíček, Jaroslav Šoun, Ivan Frolov, Måns Svensson, Petr Novotný, Zdeněk Palice","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2023.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2023.311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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