Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.125
E. Cieślak, J. Cieslak, M. Ronikier
Phylogeographical analyses of alpine species in temperate Europe, distributed in island-like habitats in high-mountain ranges, generally focus on widely distributed species at wide geographical scales. However, genetic diversity and population differentiation in the alpine zone is strongly associated not only with patterns in large-scale isolation, but also local topographic structure of habitats. Regionally endemic species offer the possibility of a realistic overview of genetic diversity in relation to local scale history without the effect of unrecognized external gene flow. Here, we focus on Cochlearia tatrae, a narrow endemic species occurring only within an isolated highmountain area in the Tatra Mts. Based on population sampling across its entire range, AFLP genotyping and DNA sequencing (non-coding plastid DNA and nrITS) this species’ genetic structure was assessed in the spatial context of its distribution and discussed in terms of its Late Pleistocene history. Pattern of genetic structure in C. tatrae populations did not include strongly divergent genetic lineages with high levels of unique genetic markers. In the PCoA and Neighbour-Net analyses of AFLP data, individuals formed a genetically coherent complex. However, despite the lack of discontinuities, the general tendency was for them to cluster in a way that reflects individual populations and geographical provenance. Despite the small area of distribution of this species (~80 × 20 km), the Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed four genetic groups, with a latitudinal (east–west) distribution across the Tatra Mts. CpDNA and ITS sequences varied little but localized distribution of several closely related plastid haplotypes mostly supported the delimitation of the genetic groups. Based on this phylogeographical structure it is assumed that the Last Glacial history of C. tatrae was characterized by vertical movements and isolation in peripheral, periglacial microrefugia where the conditions were cold and moist. Subsequent postglacial upslope movements, together with poor dispersal and little gene flow resulted in several genetic lineages distributed longitudinally along the Tatra Mts.
{"title":"Phylogeographical structure of a narrow endemic plant in an isolated high-mountain range","authors":"E. Cieślak, J. Cieslak, M. Ronikier","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.125","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogeographical analyses of alpine species in temperate Europe, distributed in island-like habitats in high-mountain ranges, generally focus on widely distributed species at wide geographical scales. However, genetic diversity and population differentiation in the alpine zone is strongly associated not only with patterns in large-scale isolation, but also local topographic structure of habitats. Regionally endemic species offer the possibility of a realistic overview of genetic diversity in relation to local scale history without the effect of unrecognized external gene flow. Here, we focus on Cochlearia tatrae, a narrow endemic species occurring only within an isolated highmountain area in the Tatra Mts. Based on population sampling across its entire range, AFLP genotyping and DNA sequencing (non-coding plastid DNA and nrITS) this species’ genetic structure was assessed in the spatial context of its distribution and discussed in terms of its Late Pleistocene history. Pattern of genetic structure in C. tatrae populations did not include strongly divergent genetic lineages with high levels of unique genetic markers. In the PCoA and Neighbour-Net analyses of AFLP data, individuals formed a genetically coherent complex. However, despite the lack of discontinuities, the general tendency was for them to cluster in a way that reflects individual populations and geographical provenance. Despite the small area of distribution of this species (~80 × 20 km), the Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed four genetic groups, with a latitudinal (east–west) distribution across the Tatra Mts. CpDNA and ITS sequences varied little but localized distribution of several closely related plastid haplotypes mostly supported the delimitation of the genetic groups. Based on this phylogeographical structure it is assumed that the Last Glacial history of C. tatrae was characterized by vertical movements and isolation in peripheral, periglacial microrefugia where the conditions were cold and moist. Subsequent postglacial upslope movements, together with poor dispersal and little gene flow resulted in several genetic lineages distributed longitudinally along the Tatra Mts.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73643814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2021.181
M. Hejda, J. Sádlo, Josef Kutlvašr, P. Petřík, M. Vítková, M. Vojík, P. Pyšek, J. Pergl
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: martin.hejda@ibot.cas.cz, jiri.sadlo@ibot.cas.cz, josef.kutlvasr@ibot.cas.cz, petr.petrik@ibot.cas.cz, michaela.vitkova@ibot.cas.cz, vojik@fzp.czu.cz, pysek@ibot.cas.cz, jan.pergl@ibot.cas.cz; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 00 Kamýcká 129, Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
{"title":"Impact of invasive and native dominants on species richness and diversity of plant communities","authors":"M. Hejda, J. Sádlo, Josef Kutlvašr, P. Petřík, M. Vítková, M. Vojík, P. Pyšek, J. Pergl","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2021.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2021.181","url":null,"abstract":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: martin.hejda@ibot.cas.cz, jiri.sadlo@ibot.cas.cz, josef.kutlvasr@ibot.cas.cz, petr.petrik@ibot.cas.cz, michaela.vitkova@ibot.cas.cz, vojik@fzp.czu.cz, pysek@ibot.cas.cz, jan.pergl@ibot.cas.cz; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 00 Kamýcká 129, Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83768946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.149
B. Stojanova, Z. Münzbergová, Hana Pánková
Heterosis has been used occasionally in attempts to save endangered populations of plants. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how inbreeding, heterosis and outbreeding depression jointly influence fitness of species with small, fragmented populations. Understanding the joint action of these processes is further complicated by variation among populations and environments in time and the stochastic effects of genetic drift. We assayed offspring of hand pollinated plants from three natural populations of Minuartia smejkalii, an endemic serpentinophyte perennial, in two soil treatments and three competitive environments for two consecutive years. We detected no early-acting inbreeding or outbreeding depression in a greenhouse. Late-acting inbreeding depression in the common garden was low in small populations and could be counteracted by heterosis. Both inbreeding depression and heterosis varied among traits, between years and with environmental stress. Notably inbreeding depression declined as environmental stress increased and phenotypic variation in the population decreased. Moreover, heterosis increased with environmental stress. Based on our results, we recommend a conservation approach in which between-population outbred plants are introduced into very small populations to maximise the benefits of heterosis in M. smejkalii. Nevertheless, extrapolation to other species, or even other populations of M. smejkalii of limited size, should be done with caution because of the stochastic effects of genetic drift that result in unique genetic consequences of outbreeding for each population.
{"title":"Inbreeding depression and heterosis vary in space and time in the serpentinophyte perennial Minuartia smejkalii","authors":"B. Stojanova, Z. Münzbergová, Hana Pánková","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.149","url":null,"abstract":"Heterosis has been used occasionally in attempts to save endangered populations of plants. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how inbreeding, heterosis and outbreeding depression jointly influence fitness of species with small, fragmented populations. Understanding the joint action of these processes is further complicated by variation among populations and environments in time and the stochastic effects of genetic drift. We assayed offspring of hand pollinated plants from three natural populations of Minuartia smejkalii, an endemic serpentinophyte perennial, in two soil treatments and three competitive environments for two consecutive years. We detected no early-acting inbreeding or outbreeding depression in a greenhouse. Late-acting inbreeding depression in the common garden was low in small populations and could be counteracted by heterosis. Both inbreeding depression and heterosis varied among traits, between years and with environmental stress. Notably inbreeding depression declined as environmental stress increased and phenotypic variation in the population decreased. Moreover, heterosis increased with environmental stress. Based on our results, we recommend a conservation approach in which between-population outbred plants are introduced into very small populations to maximise the benefits of heterosis in M. smejkalii. Nevertheless, extrapolation to other species, or even other populations of M. smejkalii of limited size, should be done with caution because of the stochastic effects of genetic drift that result in unique genetic consequences of outbreeding for each population.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74758415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.089
K. Hegedüšová, H. Žarnovičan, R. Kanka, R. Šuvada, J. Kollár, D. Galvánek, J. Roleček
{"title":"Thermophilous oak forests in Slovakia","authors":"K. Hegedüšová, H. Žarnovičan, R. Kanka, R. Šuvada, J. Kollár, D. Galvánek, J. Roleček","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.001
M. Chytrý, J. Danihelka, Z. Kaplan, J. Wild, Dana Holubová, P. Novotný, M. Řezníčková, Martin Rohn, P. Dřevojan, V. Grulich, J. Klimešová, J. Lepš, Zdeňka Lososová, J. Pergl, J. Sádlo, P. Šmarda, P. Štěpánková, L. Tichý, Irena Axmanová, Alena Bartušková, P. Blažek, J. Chrtek, F. Fischer, Wen‐Yong Guo, T. Herben, Zdeněk Janovský, M. Konečná, I. Kühn, L. Moravcová, P. Petřík, S. Pierce, K. Prach, Helena Prokešová, M. Štech, J. Těšitel, T. Těšitelová, Martin Večeřa, D. Zelený, P. Pyšek
Milan Chytrý, Jiří Danihelka, Zdeněk Kaplan, Jan Wild, Dana Holubová, Petr Novotný, Marcela Řezníčková, Martin Rohn, Pavel Dřevojan, Vít Grulich, Jitka Klimešová, Jan Lepš, Zdeňka Lososová, Jan Pergl, Jiří Sádlo, Petr Šmarda, Petra Štěpánková, Lubomír Tichý, Irena Axmanová, Alena Bartušková, Petr Blažek, Jindřich Chrtek Jr., Felícia M. Fischer, Wen-Yong Guo, Tomáš Herben, Zdeněk Janovský, Marie Konečná, Ingolf Kühn, Lenka Moravcová, Petr Petřík, Simon Pierce, Karel Prach, Helena Prokešová, Milan Štech, Jakub Těšitel, Tamara Těšitelová, Martin Večeřa, David Zelený & Petr Pyšek
{"title":"Pladias Database of the Czech flora and vegetation","authors":"M. Chytrý, J. Danihelka, Z. Kaplan, J. Wild, Dana Holubová, P. Novotný, M. Řezníčková, Martin Rohn, P. Dřevojan, V. Grulich, J. Klimešová, J. Lepš, Zdeňka Lososová, J. Pergl, J. Sádlo, P. Šmarda, P. Štěpánková, L. Tichý, Irena Axmanová, Alena Bartušková, P. Blažek, J. Chrtek, F. Fischer, Wen‐Yong Guo, T. Herben, Zdeněk Janovský, M. Konečná, I. Kühn, L. Moravcová, P. Petřík, S. Pierce, K. Prach, Helena Prokešová, M. Štech, J. Těšitel, T. Těšitelová, Martin Večeřa, D. Zelený, P. Pyšek","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.001","url":null,"abstract":"Milan Chytrý, Jiří Danihelka, Zdeněk Kaplan, Jan Wild, Dana Holubová, Petr Novotný, Marcela Řezníčková, Martin Rohn, Pavel Dřevojan, Vít Grulich, Jitka Klimešová, Jan Lepš, Zdeňka Lososová, Jan Pergl, Jiří Sádlo, Petr Šmarda, Petra Štěpánková, Lubomír Tichý, Irena Axmanová, Alena Bartušková, Petr Blažek, Jindřich Chrtek Jr., Felícia M. Fischer, Wen-Yong Guo, Tomáš Herben, Zdeněk Janovský, Marie Konečná, Ingolf Kühn, Lenka Moravcová, Petr Petřík, Simon Pierce, Karel Prach, Helena Prokešová, Milan Štech, Jakub Těšitel, Tamara Těšitelová, Martin Večeřa, David Zelený & Petr Pyšek","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90808187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2021.237
J. Čuda, H. Skálová, L. Meyerson, P. Pyšek
Regeneration from vegetative fragments is common in plants that occur in disturbed and wet habitats but quantitative data comparing regeneration of different plant parts under various environmental conditions are still scarce. Phragmites australis is a dominant and a keystone wetland species that is widespread all around the world. It spreads both vegetatively by rhizomes and stolons and generatively by seed. Detached vegetative fragments of culms and rhizomes can support local regeneration after disturbance and spread populations over considerable distances when transported with water, soil and other means. In P. australis, there is no information on culm regeneration and how regeneration differs between the clones of different origin and what is the effect of the environment. Here we studied the regeneration of P. australis from culm and rhizome fragments over six weeks (mid-June to late July 2017) in a common-garden pot experiment. To simulate various scenarios that can happen in nature, we placed cuttings of culms and rhizomes (representing propagules) in 6-l pots in water, on the sand surface, and buried them 5 cm deep in the sand. We included 19 distinct clones representing populations from three phylogeographic groups (North American invasive, North American native, and European). We tested the effect of phylogeographic group, plant part (culm, rhizome), environment (water, surface, buried), ploidy and genome size on clone regeneration using generalized mixed-effect models. A higher percentage of culms than rhizomes regenerated (69% vs. 37%, respectively). Regeneration was better in fragments placed in water than in those buried and on the sand surface (65%, 50%, and 44%, respectively). Although we found considerable differences in regeneration among particular Phragmites populations (ranging from 31% in one of the North American native tetraploids to 90% in a North American invasive octoploid), the effect of the phylogeographic group was not statistically significant. However, phylogeographic group interacted with plant part – culms of the North American invasive populations regenerated better than those of North American natives, while rhizomes did not differ among phylogeographic groups. This difference was most pronounced in the sand-surface treatment. Rhizome fragments produced greater culmand root biomass than culm fragments and North-American native clones produced the least new biomass of all groups. Lastly, rhizomes regenerated more slowly than culms (16 and 13 days to produce new shoots, respectively), and regeneration was fastest in water. Our results point to a great regeneration ability of culm fragments, which can cope with a wide range of environmental conditions and grow rapidly to produce new plants. We suggest this played an important role in spreading the invasive populations Preslia 93: 237–254, 2021 237
{"title":"Regeneration of Phragmites australis from rhizome and culm fragments","authors":"J. Čuda, H. Skálová, L. Meyerson, P. Pyšek","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2021.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2021.237","url":null,"abstract":"Regeneration from vegetative fragments is common in plants that occur in disturbed and wet habitats but quantitative data comparing regeneration of different plant parts under various environmental conditions are still scarce. Phragmites australis is a dominant and a keystone wetland species that is widespread all around the world. It spreads both vegetatively by rhizomes and stolons and generatively by seed. Detached vegetative fragments of culms and rhizomes can support local regeneration after disturbance and spread populations over considerable distances when transported with water, soil and other means. In P. australis, there is no information on culm regeneration and how regeneration differs between the clones of different origin and what is the effect of the environment. Here we studied the regeneration of P. australis from culm and rhizome fragments over six weeks (mid-June to late July 2017) in a common-garden pot experiment. To simulate various scenarios that can happen in nature, we placed cuttings of culms and rhizomes (representing propagules) in 6-l pots in water, on the sand surface, and buried them 5 cm deep in the sand. We included 19 distinct clones representing populations from three phylogeographic groups (North American invasive, North American native, and European). We tested the effect of phylogeographic group, plant part (culm, rhizome), environment (water, surface, buried), ploidy and genome size on clone regeneration using generalized mixed-effect models. A higher percentage of culms than rhizomes regenerated (69% vs. 37%, respectively). Regeneration was better in fragments placed in water than in those buried and on the sand surface (65%, 50%, and 44%, respectively). Although we found considerable differences in regeneration among particular Phragmites populations (ranging from 31% in one of the North American native tetraploids to 90% in a North American invasive octoploid), the effect of the phylogeographic group was not statistically significant. However, phylogeographic group interacted with plant part – culms of the North American invasive populations regenerated better than those of North American natives, while rhizomes did not differ among phylogeographic groups. This difference was most pronounced in the sand-surface treatment. Rhizome fragments produced greater culmand root biomass than culm fragments and North-American native clones produced the least new biomass of all groups. Lastly, rhizomes regenerated more slowly than culms (16 and 13 days to produce new shoots, respectively), and regeneration was fastest in water. Our results point to a great regeneration ability of culm fragments, which can cope with a wide range of environmental conditions and grow rapidly to produce new plants. We suggest this played an important role in spreading the invasive populations Preslia 93: 237–254, 2021 237","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84109940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.169
K. Prach, Kamila Vítovcová, K. Řehounková, J. Královec
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37505 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, e-mail: prach@prf.jcu.cz, lencova.kamila@ seznam.cz, klara.rehounkova@gmail.com; Institute of Botany of the CAS, v. v. i., Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Hroznová 2, CZ-65606 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: josef.kralovec@iol.cz
{"title":"Three decades of vegetation changes in a submontane grassland after the cessation of intensive fertilization","authors":"K. Prach, Kamila Vítovcová, K. Řehounková, J. Královec","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2021.169","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37505 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, e-mail: prach@prf.jcu.cz, lencova.kamila@ seznam.cz, klara.rehounkova@gmail.com; Institute of Botany of the CAS, v. v. i., Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Hroznová 2, CZ-65606 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: josef.kralovec@iol.cz","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72788239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.057
Alžběta Manukjanová, J. Košnar, J. Kučera
{"title":"Genetic variation in two cryptic species of the rare fen moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus in the Czech Republic","authors":"Alžběta Manukjanová, J. Košnar, J. Kučera","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2020.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2020.057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78907352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.001
P. Novák, W. Willner, Dominik Zukal, J. Kollár, J. Roleček, Krzysztof Świerkosz, J. Ewald, T. Wohlgemuth, J. Csiky, V. Onyshchenko, M. Chytrý
Oak-hornbeam forests (order Carpinetalia) are a widespread vegetation type in central Europe. As vegetation ecologists focused on them since the pioneering times of vegetation research, many syntaxonomic units are described. However, classification systems used in various central European countries suffer from inconsistencies and overlaps of the concepts of particular associations. Currently there is no consistent syntaxonomic system based on numerical analysis of vegetation plots that would be valid for the whole of central Europe. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to provide a revised syntaxonomic system of oak-hornbeam forests across central Europe, develop formal definitions of the associations and include these definitions in a classification expert system. We recognized 13 associations, 9 from the alliance Carpinion betuli (central European oak-hornbeam forests) and 4 from the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion (Illyrian and northern Italian oak-hornbeam forests). We prepared an expert system that classified 55% of the releves in a central European oak-hornbeam forest dataset (n = 6212) at the association level. To stabilize the Carpinion betuli association names, we selected nomenclatural type releves for associations that have not been typified so far. In addition, two association names (Poo chaixii-Carpinetum and Pseudostellario-Carpinetum) were validated. Ordination revealed the main drivers of species diversity in these forests, including a complex gradient of soil moisture, nutrient availability and geographical position (mainly latitude). Among the climate variables, annual temperature amplitude and mean annual temperature were most closely correlated with species composition.
{"title":"Oak-hornbeam forests of central Europe","authors":"P. Novák, W. Willner, Dominik Zukal, J. Kollár, J. Roleček, Krzysztof Świerkosz, J. Ewald, T. Wohlgemuth, J. Csiky, V. Onyshchenko, M. Chytrý","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"Oak-hornbeam forests (order Carpinetalia) are a widespread vegetation type in central Europe. As vegetation ecologists focused on them since the pioneering times of vegetation research, many syntaxonomic units are described. However, classification systems used in various central European countries suffer from inconsistencies and overlaps of the concepts of particular associations. Currently there is no consistent syntaxonomic system based on numerical analysis of vegetation plots that would be valid for the whole of central Europe. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to provide a revised syntaxonomic system of oak-hornbeam forests across central Europe, develop formal definitions of the associations and include these definitions in a classification expert system. We recognized 13 associations, 9 from the alliance Carpinion betuli (central European oak-hornbeam forests) and 4 from the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion (Illyrian and northern Italian oak-hornbeam forests). We prepared an expert system that classified 55% of the releves in a central European oak-hornbeam forest dataset (n = 6212) at the association level. To stabilize the Carpinion betuli association names, we selected nomenclatural type releves for associations that have not been typified so far. In addition, two association names (Poo chaixii-Carpinetum and Pseudostellario-Carpinetum) were validated. Ordination revealed the main drivers of species diversity in these forests, including a complex gradient of soil moisture, nutrient availability and geographical position (mainly latitude). Among the climate variables, annual temperature amplitude and mean annual temperature were most closely correlated with species composition.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84702839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.087
J. Roleček, H. Svobodová, E. Jamrichová, L. Dudová, P. Hájková, G. Kletetschka, P. Kuneš, Vojtěch Abraham
We analysed a continuous and well-dated record of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, geochemistry and plant macroremains from the best preserved peat bog in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic). Dářko peat bog is an isolated site of a pine bog woodland dominated by the central-European endemic Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa. It is protected as a National Nature Reserve and a Site of Community Importance. We describe major patterns and interesting details of the development of this site since the Late Glacial and provide a historical context for some natural phenomena of high conservation value. Until the High Middle Ages, macroclimate and autogenic succession appear to have been the main drivers of both the local and regional development of vegetation. The pine-dominated Late Glacial vegetation with cold-loving taxa survived until the first millennia of the Holocene. The first Late Glacial and Holocene record of Isoëtes lacustris outside its present range in this country indicates the presence of a cold oligotrophic waterbody in this period. Corylus, Picea and mixed oak forest taxa started to expand already around 10,500 cal. BP. Indicators of a warm oceanic climate appeared around 7700 cal. BP and the AP:NAP ratio increased gradually up to its Holocene maximum close to 99%. Around 6800 cal. BP, the minerotrophic wetland developed into an ombrotrophic bog. Picea, Fagus and Abies started to dominate the pollen assemblage around 5500 cal. BP. Between AD 1100 and 1350, an abrupt change in the vegetation started, which coincided with the High Medieval colonization of the region. The pronounced peak of Pb in the geochemical record between AD 1200 and 1650 reflects extensive metallurgical activities in a wider area. Valuable pine bog woodland appeared only around AD 1500, when pine expanded. This late expansion, also recorded elsewhere, may have been triggered by human activities, which challenges the present non-intervention management of this habitat. The present marginal occurrence of fen species in the bog lagg may be considered a relict of Late Glacial and Early Holocene minerotrophic fen vegetation, the Preslia 92: 87–114, 2020 87
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