Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579615
B. J. Andrews, A. Kostov, R. Stein
The authors follow a design method for event detectors using the ID3 rule induction algorithm. Rule induction was chosen mainly for two reasons: it ranks the relative importance of sensor signal attribute in detecting an event and, secondly, the reasoning of the algorithm may be understood by humans since the rules are organized in the familiar form of decision tree consisting of IF(...) THEN(...) ELSE(...) statements. This method allows the control system designer the freedom to position a set of available sensors in unobtrusive locations, such as braces, walking aids or the waistband, and operate them in less demanding environments. Furthermore, the method does not require a high level of intuition as to the contribution that each sensor makes to the detection of an event. Indeed, it has been shown that human experts perform poorly relative to the algorithm in ranking the importance of the sensors (C.A. Kirkwood, and B.J. Andrews, Proc. 11th IEEE EMBS Conf., Seattle, USA, p. 1020-1, 1989). Here, the authors describe a procedure in which a reliable event detector/predictor can be developed with a minimum of sensors. It will mimic a paraplegic's skill in using hand switches to control a simple FES walking system, i.e. it will signal the users implicit intention. This example of skill cloning follows that previously described (Kirkwood and Andrews, 1989).
本文采用了一种基于ID3规则归纳法的事件检测器设计方法。选择规则归纳法主要有两个原因:它对传感器信号属性在检测事件中的相对重要性进行了排序;其次，算法的推理可以被人类理解，因为规则被组织成由IF(…)组成的熟悉的决策树形式。然后(…)其他(…)语句。这种方法允许控制系统设计人员自由地将一组可用的传感器定位在不显眼的位置，例如支架，助行器或腰带，并在要求较低的环境中操作它们。此外，该方法不需要对每个传感器对事件检测的贡献有很高的直觉。事实上，在对传感器的重要性进行排序时，人类专家的表现与算法相比很差(C.A. Kirkwood, and B.J. Andrews, Proc. 11 IEEE EMBS Conf.， Seattle, USA, p. 1020- 1,1989)。在这里，作者描述了一个过程，在这个过程中，一个可靠的事件检测器/预测器可以用最少的传感器开发。它将模仿截瘫患者使用手开关来控制一个简单的FES行走系统的技能，即它将向用户发出隐含的意图信号。这个技能克隆的例子遵循了之前的描述(Kirkwood和Andrews, 1989)。
{"title":"Gait event and user intention detection for FES-control: selecting sensors","authors":"B. J. Andrews, A. Kostov, R. Stein","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579615","url":null,"abstract":"The authors follow a design method for event detectors using the ID3 rule induction algorithm. Rule induction was chosen mainly for two reasons: it ranks the relative importance of sensor signal attribute in detecting an event and, secondly, the reasoning of the algorithm may be understood by humans since the rules are organized in the familiar form of decision tree consisting of IF(...) THEN(...) ELSE(...) statements. This method allows the control system designer the freedom to position a set of available sensors in unobtrusive locations, such as braces, walking aids or the waistband, and operate them in less demanding environments. Furthermore, the method does not require a high level of intuition as to the contribution that each sensor makes to the detection of an event. Indeed, it has been shown that human experts perform poorly relative to the algorithm in ranking the importance of the sensors (C.A. Kirkwood, and B.J. Andrews, Proc. 11th IEEE EMBS Conf., Seattle, USA, p. 1020-1, 1989). Here, the authors describe a procedure in which a reliable event detector/predictor can be developed with a minimum of sensors. It will mimic a paraplegic's skill in using hand switches to control a simple FES walking system, i.e. it will signal the users implicit intention. This example of skill cloning follows that previously described (Kirkwood and Andrews, 1989).","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76291143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579690
R. Begg, R. Wytch
A kinematic measurement system based on standard video, combined with a hardware computer interface, for real time acquisition of marker coordinates has been developed. It records the positions of reflective makers attached to body segments using the real-time signal from a video camera. The system uses hardware video window during data collection for the elimination of unwanted signals generated by reflection from bright or shiny objects in the field of view. The system is fast, accurate, easy to use and relatively inexpensive and could be used for the analysis of normal and pathological gait routinely.
{"title":"A television-based system for recording the kinematics of human gait","authors":"R. Begg, R. Wytch","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579690","url":null,"abstract":"A kinematic measurement system based on standard video, combined with a hardware computer interface, for real time acquisition of marker coordinates has been developed. It records the positions of reflective makers attached to body segments using the real-time signal from a video camera. The system uses hardware video window during data collection for the elimination of unwanted signals generated by reflection from bright or shiny objects in the field of view. The system is fast, accurate, easy to use and relatively inexpensive and could be used for the analysis of normal and pathological gait routinely.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76538228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575298
W. Gentles, A. Pan
Maintenance insurance is a recent development that has achieved some cost savings for hospitals in the area of equipment maintenance. In this article the authors demonstrate the greater cost savings that can be achieved by a centrally managed self-insurance program that crosses departmental lines. The benefits of having this program run by a technical rather than a financial person is also illustrated.
{"title":"Moving beyond maintenance insurance: increasing savings with self-managed program","authors":"W. Gentles, A. Pan","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575298","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance insurance is a recent development that has achieved some cost savings for hospitals in the area of equipment maintenance. In this article the authors demonstrate the greater cost savings that can be achieved by a centrally managed self-insurance program that crosses departmental lines. The benefits of having this program run by a technical rather than a financial person is also illustrated.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87878113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579855
H. McAllister, N. Black, N. Waterman
A digital signal processing based hearing aid has been produced which can be used as a body worn device, with transmitter and receiver in a conventional behind the ear hearing aid case. The design is based on the TMS320C31-27 DSP device. Use of this low power chip allows the aid to perform for up to 8 hours without battery replacement and facilitates field testing of different algorithms designed to enhance hearing aid performance.
{"title":"A body worn digital hearing aid","authors":"H. McAllister, N. Black, N. Waterman","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579855","url":null,"abstract":"A digital signal processing based hearing aid has been produced which can be used as a body worn device, with transmitter and receiver in a conventional behind the ear hearing aid case. The design is based on the TMS320C31-27 DSP device. Use of this low power chip allows the aid to perform for up to 8 hours without battery replacement and facilitates field testing of different algorithms designed to enhance hearing aid performance.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87948224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575291
W. Helmut, L. Jurgen, W. Hans-Jurgen, M. Rainer, L. Hans-Dieter
The authors report on the electrosurgical interaction process, which includes a new model describing the generation of harmful emission products. Fluorescence spectroscopic measurements of the plasma, generated during treatment, show that the molecules typically in tissue observed are completely destroyed into C/sub 2/, CN, CH, OH radicals. They react inter alia to harmful chemicals, detected in the smoke by a combined system of gaschromatograph/mass spectrometer. Therefore, their chemical structure is independent on the basic carbon chains.
{"title":"Characterization of tissue interaction by analysis of electrosurgical smoke","authors":"W. Helmut, L. Jurgen, W. Hans-Jurgen, M. Rainer, L. Hans-Dieter","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575291","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the electrosurgical interaction process, which includes a new model describing the generation of harmful emission products. Fluorescence spectroscopic measurements of the plasma, generated during treatment, show that the molecules typically in tissue observed are completely destroyed into C/sub 2/, CN, CH, OH radicals. They react inter alia to harmful chemicals, detected in the smoke by a combined system of gaschromatograph/mass spectrometer. Therefore, their chemical structure is independent on the basic carbon chains.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86113365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575332
J. K. Moon
Heart interval mean and variance were compared as predictors of waking oxygen consumption rate in 20 adult subjects. Correlations between O/sub 2/ consumption and mean heart intervals were significantly better than heart interval variance during both sedentary (P=0.01) and active (P<0.001) periods.
{"title":"Prediction of oxygen consumption rates from heart interval mean and variance","authors":"J. K. Moon","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575332","url":null,"abstract":"Heart interval mean and variance were compared as predictors of waking oxygen consumption rate in 20 adult subjects. Correlations between O/sub 2/ consumption and mean heart intervals were significantly better than heart interval variance during both sedentary (P=0.01) and active (P<0.001) periods.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82653121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575249
T. Schuessler, J. Bates
Image reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an ill-conditioned minimization problem. Here, the authors examine the utility of an esophageal reference electrode to improve EIT images. In a computer simulation, a reconstruction scheme utilizing an esophageal electrode outperformed two configurations relying entirely on boundary voltages in terms of both reconstruction error and speed of execution.
{"title":"Utility of an esophageal reference electrode for thoracic electrical impedance tomography","authors":"T. Schuessler, J. Bates","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.575249","url":null,"abstract":"Image reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an ill-conditioned minimization problem. Here, the authors examine the utility of an esophageal reference electrode to improve EIT images. In a computer simulation, a reconstruction scheme utilizing an esophageal electrode outperformed two configurations relying entirely on boundary voltages in terms of both reconstruction error and speed of execution.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86607522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579672
Farzad Towhidkhah, R. Gander, H. C. Wood
Biological motor control systems employ a general control strategy to perform different tasks, unlike robotic systems in which a task-oriented control strategy is usually wanted. Recently, the authors proposed a general-purpose model for control of a joint movement (F. Towhidkhah et al., 7th Conf. on Biomed. Eng., Tehran, Iran, p. 134-43, Dec. 1994). The generality of this model is based on the combination of three key factors: joint impedance control, model predictive controller, and external disturbance input. These bases lend the model to be applied to different types of movements. In the present paper, the application of this model to a biped model is reported. The computer simulation results show an acceptable performance of the model in dealing with this unstable system.
生物运动控制系统采用一般的控制策略来执行不同的任务，不像机器人系统通常需要任务导向的控制策略。最近，作者提出了一个控制关节运动的通用模型(F. Towhidkhah et al.， 7th Conf. on Biomed)。Eng。，伊朗德黑兰，第134-43页，1994年12月)。该模型的通用性是基于三个关键因素的结合:联合阻抗控制、模型预测控制器和外部干扰输入。这些基础使模型适用于不同类型的运动。本文报道了该模型在两足动物模型中的应用。计算机仿真结果表明，该模型在处理该不稳定系统时具有良好的性能。
{"title":"Model predictive impedance control: application to human walking model","authors":"Farzad Towhidkhah, R. Gander, H. C. Wood","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579672","url":null,"abstract":"Biological motor control systems employ a general control strategy to perform different tasks, unlike robotic systems in which a task-oriented control strategy is usually wanted. Recently, the authors proposed a general-purpose model for control of a joint movement (F. Towhidkhah et al., 7th Conf. on Biomed. Eng., Tehran, Iran, p. 134-43, Dec. 1994). The generality of this model is based on the combination of three key factors: joint impedance control, model predictive controller, and external disturbance input. These bases lend the model to be applied to different types of movements. In the present paper, the application of this model to a biped model is reported. The computer simulation results show an acceptable performance of the model in dealing with this unstable system.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86623960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.574981
A.A. Papazoglou, R. Barr
Simulations were designed to identify the minimum number of cardiac cells that sustained propagation. Cells were connected as a loop with elevated junction resistances. The decrease in the spatial extent of the action potential associated with increasing the junction resistances to 1200 M/spl Omega/ allowed propagation to be sustained in loops as small as 11 cells. Membrane kinetics spontaneously adjusted to the premature stimulation intrinsic to reentrant propagation, and thereby allowed propagation to be sustained with further decrease in the loop size. The simulations used the DiFrancesco-Noble membrane model. A minimum of 9 cells sustained propagation when the junction resistances were 1000 M/spl Omega/.
{"title":"Sustained reentrant propagation in loops of decoupled cardiac cells","authors":"A.A. Papazoglou, R. Barr","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.574981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.574981","url":null,"abstract":"Simulations were designed to identify the minimum number of cardiac cells that sustained propagation. Cells were connected as a loop with elevated junction resistances. The decrease in the spatial extent of the action potential associated with increasing the junction resistances to 1200 M/spl Omega/ allowed propagation to be sustained in loops as small as 11 cells. Membrane kinetics spontaneously adjusted to the premature stimulation intrinsic to reentrant propagation, and thereby allowed propagation to be sustained with further decrease in the loop size. The simulations used the DiFrancesco-Noble membrane model. A minimum of 9 cells sustained propagation when the junction resistances were 1000 M/spl Omega/.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89188098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-20DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579901
Lisa Marcucci, Thomas Jefferson, Anthony Coletta, John Aceti, Vince Endres, David Sarnoff, Michael Moritz
Laparoscopic infrared (IR) imaging was investigated as an adjunct to improve visualization of the anatomic structures and tissues critical to successful laparoscopic surgery. In this experiment, a pneumoperitoneum was induced in an anesthetized pig. An IR sensitive camera was inserted into the abdomen with visualization of the bowel, liver, and hepatic hilar structures. These imaged features were enhanced via small temperature changes induced in the tissues by cool CO/sub 2/ insufflation and hot electrocautery.
{"title":"The use of infrared imaging in laparoscopic surgery","authors":"Lisa Marcucci, Thomas Jefferson, Anthony Coletta, John Aceti, Vince Endres, David Sarnoff, Michael Moritz","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1995.579901","url":null,"abstract":"Laparoscopic infrared (IR) imaging was investigated as an adjunct to improve visualization of the anatomic structures and tissues critical to successful laparoscopic surgery. In this experiment, a pneumoperitoneum was induced in an anesthetized pig. An IR sensitive camera was inserted into the abdomen with visualization of the bowel, liver, and hepatic hilar structures. These imaged features were enhanced via small temperature changes induced in the tissues by cool CO/sub 2/ insufflation and hot electrocautery.","PeriodicalId":20509,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91499818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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