Problemi na khigienata最新文献

The state of lipid peroxidation, monitored by MDA concentration in the blood plasma of 46 battery workers with lead level in the blood in the 1.26-5.6 mol/l range is investigated. Higher MDA concentration (4.61 + 0.6) mol (ml in the blood plasma of exposed workers in comparison with the control sample of nonexposed workers is statistically established. The greater part of exposes workers (56.6%) have MDA concentration above the upper reference range. The significant correlation (r = +0.54) of the lipid peroxidation with the lead level in the blood is established. The investigation results show the rise of lipid peroxidation in workers chronically exposed to lead. This rise is more significant at lead levels above 1.92 mol/l.

The object of the present study is analysis of the physical development of children, living permanently in the village of Karadzhalovo, community of Parvomay, whose drinking water contains abnormal concentration of nitrates. For the period 1983-1994 the nitrate content in the drinking water of the village varies within the limits of 67.0 to 112.6 mg/dm3. Complex evaluation of the physical development of 162 children aged from 3 to 16 years was carried out on the indices level of development of stature and degree of harmony of the body mass. The data were compared with the norms for physical development of the Bulgarian children. 90.4% of the boys and 86.8% of the girls are with good physical development. With satisfactory development are 8.5% of the boys and 13.2% of the girls. Only 1.1% of the boys are with poor physical development, while among the girls there is no poor physical development. No reliable correlative dependency was established between the nitrate content of the drinking water and the stature and weight of the examined children.

In the region of the town of Silistra there are no big industrial enterprises, sources of harmful emissions in the surroundings. After the starting in exploitation of the Metallurgical Works in Călăraşi [correction of Kalarash] in 1987 began the complaints of the population as result of episodic pollutions of the atmospheric air in the region. Productions of similar character emit in the atmosphere dust, sulfur dioxide, carbonic oxide, nitric oxides, hydrogen sulfide, fluorides, ammonia, pyridine, aromatic and polyaromatic carbohydrates, phenol and aerosols of heavy metals. For this purpose on the territory of the town of Silistra two stationary stations of HEI are functioning for systemic observation and evaluation of the atmospheric pollution for the indices: dust, sulfur dioxide, nitric dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol and aerosols of heavy metals. All data are statistically processed by means of statistical programme packet "STATGRAPH".

The object of the study was evaluation of the functional state of the liver of surgeons and anaesthesiologists, exposed to halothane, paradise gas and disinfectants (formaldehyde). A representative group of 107 individuals was involved, distributed into two professional groups: surgeons (AcAT, AIAT, AP, gamma-GT) was determined. The analyses were performed on "Pointe 190", USA. Increased incidence and degree of deviations in the transaminases were established; a correlation between the results from the biochemical analyses and the toxicometric records. In conclusion the established correlations "dose-effect" and "dose-response" confirmed that the liver is a critical organ under the conditions of combined effect exerted by haolthane and paradise gas.

Epidemiologic study was carried out concerning the level of goitrous morbidity in the growing up individuals aged from 3 to 14 years, permanently living in a settlement with increased nitrate content in the drinking water and natural Iodine deficiency. The data for the incidence of the goitrous morbidity were compared with those of a control group of children. The investigation included a total of 325 children. A high percentage of goitrous morbidity was recorded in the observed by us settlement with increased nitrate content in the drinking water, respectfully 35% versus 8.1% in the control settlement. Low degree of juvenile goiter predominated with slight prevalence of the female sex. A statistically reliable difference (p < 0.001) in the incidence of goitrous morbidity in the observed by us settlement and the control settlement.

To investigation were submitted the particularities of the process of visual perception of technical drawings and schemes in advanced and backward pupils, who were mastering the specialties of "building and architecture", "hydroconstruction", "transport construction", "geodesy". The time was registered, which was necessary to advanced and backward pupils for unveiling the different elements in the drawing, scheme, and such attributes of the drawing as: orientation, length, curves of the lined, the boundary between them; time for identification of the specific designations, symbols, group of symbols, elements of the sketch from the simple to the complex ones. The results of the investigations revealed that in the advanced pupils the perception (unveiling) of the different elements of the technical drawing proceeded very rapidly, almost automatically. In the backward pupils this process elapsed reliably more slowly. It was demonstrated that the growing up pupils, who were distinguished with more rapid perception of the different elements of the drawing (advanced ones) more rapidly and more exactly dealt with solution of the technical tasks as compared with these, who more slowly unveiled the looked for elements (backwardness). Some other individual particularities were also established with respect to the visual perception of the elements of the technical drawing and its properties in advanced and backward pupils who were mastering the investigated professions.

The paper correlates basic literature on the neuropsychological consequences and a wide range of organic solvents, which are known to induce disorders that range from a "neurasthenic-like" psychological disorders to dementia. By highlighting the type of impairments that are most likely to be associated with organic solvents and their mixtures human neurotoxic solvent syndromes are identified and assessed. The paper provides with a briefly description of classes of solvents, their common characteristics, routes of solvent exposure and general toxic effects. General assessment strategies as well as specific neuropsychological procedures and diagnostic criteria are discussed. The confounding of neuropsychological evaluation with individual characteristics, attitudes and life style, psychosocial and medical disturbances and group dynamic processes that hamper the correct causal attribution of exposure effects is considered.

In age-related, occupational and individual aspects the dynamics of the transition of the visual technical information was investigated from short-term to long-term memory in growing up individuals, mastering the profession of operator-power engineer. The variants of probable distribution of the nervous energy between focus and background of the operative field of the brain were considered in the examined pupils. It was established that at the first presentation of complex technical information the occupationally adapted pupils in significant higher volume were able to assimilate the presented information than the occupationally unadapted ones. It was demonstrated that the process of transition of the visual information from conditions of short-term to long-term memory processed by stages in all examined individuals according to the assimilation or loss of part of the presented for memorizing information in every cycle of its repetition. It was assumed that each stage of memorizing which is connected with assimilation or loss of the information had its connected with assimilation or loss of the information had its strictly individual energetic characteristics. The complex variants of the energetic processes were considered. The results of the carried out investigations also revealed that assimilation of visual information depended to a greater extent of the individual abilities of the pupils rather than of their age.

Under indoor conditions the effect of the Bulgarian zinc-containing preparation Oxyrich was studied in the treatment of 12 workers (males) with chronic saturnism. The preparation was orally administered in a dose of 150 mg (0.45 mmol Zn++) daily for 10 days in three equal receivings, after which three day antidotal therapy with CaNa2 EDTA was carried out according to the classic schedule. The complex investigation of the workers besides the clinical exmination included some key indices of the porphirine metabolism (5-ALK-D, 5-ALK, free protoporphirine in the red bolld cells), as well as the content of zinc and lead in the blood and their excretion with the urine prior and post the administration of Oxyrich and CaNa2 EDTA. The results of the carried out study revealed that the therapy with Oxyrich demonstrated a tendency to normalization of the activity of 5-ALK-D and decrease of the elimination of 5-ALK. This gave grounds for further study with higher doses of Oxyrich, as well as enlargement of the spectrum of the indices of the porphirine metabolism.

The indices of peripheral blood were investigated in 73 female laboratorians of the "Complex Laboratory for Analysis of Aromatic Carbohydrates", who were distributed into four groups according to the intensity of exposition. In the air of the laboratory medium the following substances were determined: benzene, toluen, xylols, ethylenic oxide, acrylnitril. The established concentrations were below or around the values of the mean maximum admissible concentrations (MMACV). Eleven indices of the three blood populations were followed up including white blood cell differential count and assessment of the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the polymorphonuclears. The same indices were investigated in 22 females, forming a control group. It was established that 26% of the examined female laboratorians were with anaemic syndrome, in 22.8% leucocytosis was present, while the alkaline phosphatase in the polymorphonuclears was with strongly inhibited activity. Although that on the bases of the formed 4 groups the dependencies "dose-response" and "dose-effect" were not established, the described deviations in the indices of the peripheral blood and expressed in a high percentage of the female laboratorians of the "Complex Laboratory for Analysis of Aromatic Carbohydrates" (CLAAC) direct to exerted effect by the occupational chemical harms upon the blood system of the examined females.