Problemi na khigienata最新文献

The results of experiments with 50 volunteers are presented, exposed to conditions, similar to those of ship-wreck-on rafts and boats anchored in the sea and with restricted taking of food and water. Complex medical studies have been accomplished. The state of the cardio-vascular, nerve, respiratory and sensor systems and the metabolism of certain substances are followed up. The electrophysiological studies include: EKG, EEG, ENG, SPO, ZPO, SSEP, craniocorpography, computer analysis of the cardiac variability. A part of these have been monitored during the whole experiment using Holter records or by cable and telemetric way in special laboratories on the beach. The biochemical studies include indicators characterizing the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, mineral-electrolytes and biogenic amines. Some individual features in the course of sea-sickness are described according to the phenotype and the genotype characteristics of the adaptation processes. Special attention is paid to vestibular-vegetative, neurologic and psychic changes as well as on the manifestations of orthostatic collapse, sometimes ending by loss of consciousness or epi-fainting. It is considered that the orthostatic collapse is due to the combined influence of prolonged vestibular overstrain, hypokinesia, starvation, thirst and psycho-emotional stress. This is the possible main cause for the death of some saved ship-wreckers. An actualization of the instruction for saving of ship-wreckers is recommended with including of a special movement regime in the saving devices. Sibellium (flunarizin) is offered as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against sea-sickness.

The performed inquiry covers 376 primary school-aged children from whom 103--with chronic diseases and 273--healthy. Some psychological and social factors which could influence adversely the health state of the children, like single parent, bad relations between the parents and between parents and children, etc. have been studied. The data reveal unfavourable tendency in respect to adaptation abilities of children with chronic diseases.

The study covers 17 hospitals on the territory of the Capital Community, including their clinics, departments and rooms for treating of social significant and other diseases. The analysis reveals a number of negative aspects: inappropriate situation, insufficiency or lack of green areas, unfavourable aspect of the rooms, overcrowding, insufficient area of the windows, irrational heating regime, lack of ventilation regime, etc. Undesirable parameters of the microclimate are observed in the patients' rooms and this leads to discomfort to the patients and prolonging of the convalescent period. A study on a large scale for the town of Sofia is presented which aims at revision of the current building norms and requirements in respect of their correction and the improving the future building of hospitals in our country.

The acute toxicity of the antiulcer drug "Gastrofenzin", synthesized in Bulgaria has been studied in oral, subcutaneous and intravenous application in white rats "Wistar" and white mice "ICR". The main toxicometric parameters (LD50, LD16, LD84 and others) have been determined. The clinical picture of intoxication is characterized mainly by symptoms deriving from in the central and vegetative nerve system. According to the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50 for male white rats is 665.0 mg.kg-1 and for female--876 mg.kg-1) and to the classification of Hodge & Stemer Gastrofenzin refers to the group of slightly toxic drugs. The LD50 in subcutaneous application is 938.0 mg.kg-1 for the male and 891.0 mg.kg-1 for the female rats. For the intravenous application LD50 is 50,1 mg.kg-1 for the male and 43.6 mg.kg-1 for the female rats. The coefficient of lethal intoxication danger is below 0.1 in the three ways of application which confirms its status according to the upper classification. A significant sex difference in the indicators of acute oral toxicity for the white rats and white mice has not been observed. The white mice of both sexes seem to be more sensitive to the drugs' effects than the white rats.

Studies for evaluation of the acute and subacute (21 day) dermal toxicity, skin-irritating, eye-irritating and skin-sensitizing effects of the preparation "Artishok" are carried out in order to determine the professional risk in direct skin contact during its production. The experiments are performed according to the Bulgarian standards and the requirements of OES. It is considered on the basis of the studies that the preparation is not able to produce dermal intoxications. The maximal single dose of 6000 mg.kg-1 is LD0. After 21 day dermal application of the preparation in doses 1000 and 3000 mg.kg-1 there are not observed any signs of intoxication, cumulative effect or changes in the integral, haematologic and biochemical studies of the white rats. These doses are considered to be inefficient. Neither skin-irritating nor eye-irritating effect has been proved. The determining of the skin-sensitizing potential of the preparation in guinea pigs through a maximizing test reveals lack of skin allergic reaction in the conditions of the experiment.

The values of the dose effective extrinsic and intrinsic radiation of humans in the regions near to urane mines and urane plants in Bulgaria are pointed out. Some aspects of investigation of the health and risk evaluation of the population and of the former workers are reviewed.

The object of the study is to screen the state of the humoral immune response in the workers at the chemical plan Khimko AD-Vratsa who are in professional contact with metal aerosols, containing Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Al, nitric oxides, ammonia, carbon oxide and dust. 60 workers have been covered (exposed group) with working experience of 9.89 +/- 4.07 years and the control group consisted of 60 persons from the same region working at two other plants. A comparatively high rate was established of infections of the upper respiratory ways (rhinitis, laryngitis, chronic bronchitis, rhinopharyngitis and conjunctivitis) in the both groups: in the exposed group-in 12 persons (20%) and in the control group-in 5 (8.3%) persons. The study of the humoral immune response showed activated immune defence, expressed in increasing of the serum IgG and IgA (18.56 +/- 4.79 g/l and 3.64 +/- 1.32 g/l respectively) and of C3-fraction of the complement (1.14 +/- 0.25 g/l) in comparison to the control group 0.96 +/- 0.21 g/l, p < 0.00003). In 32 (53%) exposed workers an increased values of serum IgG have been found out. This rate is considerably higher than the one of the control group (33%, p < 0.05). An increased level of HBsAg-11.7% (7/60) and 8.3% (5/60), respectively in the exposed and control groups is reported. The authors have not found convincing evidence for autoimmune response in the exposed group of workers. These facts can be hardly interpreted at this stage as trace reaction resulting from frequent infections. It is possible that this activation of the humoral immunity is related to the environment-polluting metal aerosols which influence the immune system.

The subacute (30 day) oral toxicity of Gastrofenzin has been investigated in white rats "Wistar" of both sexes, treated with 0.7 and 33 mg.kg-1 for the male and 0.9 and 44 mg.kg-1 for the female rats. The applied doses respond respectively to the control doses, 1/100 and 1/20 LD50 of the preparation. A complex of integral, behaviour, laboratory biochemical and histological methods has been used. The findings show that Gastrofenzin in doses 1/100 and 1/20 LD50 does not exert cumulative effect, reported by the lack of lethal effect among the animals. With the help of actograph "AIDA" an increased spontaneous activity is reported in the rats from both sexes treated with dose 1/20 LD50 of the preparation. Under the experimental conditions the doses of 7 and 9 mg.kg-1 (1/100 LD50) and 33 and 44 mg.kg-1 (1/20 LD50) do not exert toxic effect on the liver, kidneys and brain. Deviations are observed which show increasing of the oxidative-metabolic processes and trigger adaptation mechanisms in the above mentioned organs.

The method of regulative music therapy (RMT) by C. Schwabe is presented-its mechanisms, the caring out procedure, usability and application domains. RMT can help to cope with mental and physical overstrain, resulting in variety of disorders regarding sleep and cardiovascular system; stomach and muscle pains, irritability and lack of balance, anxiety. RMT is based on the learning of specific perception form-efficient observation on: one's own personality, body, functions, thoughts, emotions, and not reasoning. In this way the pathogenic attention narrowing is overwhelmed and the behavior changes which reflect on the general well-being and self-tolerance. The music in RMT has a starting function. RMT is used not only in the case of neurosis therapy, it is successfully applied in the preventive medicine as a training method to cope with over-tension and as means to prevent emotional alienation in every day life.

Because of the high reactivity of the free oxygen radicals the maintaining of a certain balance between the activity of the antioxidative system and the level of the free radicals is of great importance for the health of man. Literary data are reviewed concerning the shifting of this balance towards oxidants' excess due to many factors like ionizing radiation, hyperoxia, toxic noxae, considerable physical overstrain, overcooling, stress and others. The antioxidative and pro-oxidative food composition is of special importance for maintaining of the oxidative/antioxidative balance of the organism. The nutrition regiment could mould the toxicity of some of the mentioned agents.