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[The inhalational toxicity of the antibiotic preparation Bactericin for plant protection]. [植物保护用抗生素制剂Bactericin的吸入毒性研究]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
Zh Khalkova, Kh Zaĭtsov

The acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of a new Bulgarian antibiotic preparation "Bactericin" for plant protection is examined. It is meant for the treatment of seeds from tomatoes before sowing. The inhalational toxicity is evaluated by a complex of toxicometric, integral, behavioural, clinic-laboratory, biochemical and histological methods. The maximum concentration reached by dispersing is 40 mg.m-3. In the condition of acute (unrepeated exposure) and subacute (60 exposure) the concentration of 40 mg.m-3 causes no lethality, symptoms of intoxication and toxic effects in the organism of white rats therefore it could be accepted as not operative. The preparation conceals no danger of acute and chronic inhalational poisonings when working with the latter. On the basis of the performed investigations and bearing in mind, that the preparation is in the group of the antibiotics, a proposal is made for the purpose of orientation MAG in the air of the working zone -0.5 mg.m-3.

研究了保加利亚一种用于植物保护的新型抗生素制剂“细菌素”的急性和亚急性吸入毒性。它是用来在播种前处理番茄种子的。吸入毒性是通过综合毒性测量、积分、行为、临床实验室、生化和组织学方法来评估的。分散达到的最大浓度为40 mg.m-3。在急性(不重复暴露)和亚急性(60次暴露)条件下,浓度为40 mg。M-3对大鼠机体没有致死性、中毒症状和毒性作用,因此可以接受为无效。当使用后者时,该制剂不会隐藏急性和慢性吸入性中毒的危险。在进行调查的基础上,考虑到该制剂属于抗生素组,建议在工作区空气中定向MAG -0.5 mg.m-3。
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引用次数: 0
[The health and demographic criteria in the assessment of and the approach to resolving the ecological problem in Bulgaria]. [保加利亚评估生态问题的健康和人口标准及解决生态问题的办法]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
M Chuchkova

The health and demographic aspects of the ecological problem are treated in scientific and theoretical plan. Data, illustrating the unfavourable changes in the health and demographic situation of the country, are given. They are interpreted as a result of the ecological stress and the existing crisis situation. The indices "local demographic potential" (LDP), "local health potential" (LHP) and "territorial health index" (THI) have the meaning of integral criteria for the urbanized environmental quality. They are elaborated on the basis of complete characteristics on the demographic process (birth-rate, mortality, infant mortality and natural growth) and all basic groups of diseases and nosological units, traced from 1980 up to now. Since 1986 an extremely dangerous tendency of rapid and socially significant deterioration of the health of the population has been observed. This country is in the process of depopulation from 1990. The data from the investigation confirm the priority significance of the activities concerning the protection and steadfast development of the environment with the principle objective--prevention and consolidation of the health of the population.

在科学和理论计划中处理生态问题的健康和人口方面。提供的数据说明了该国卫生和人口状况的不利变化。它们被解释为生态压力和现有危机局势的结果。“当地人口潜力”(LDP)、“当地健康潜力”(LHP)和“区域健康指数”(THI)具有衡量城市化环境质量的综合标准意义。这些指标是根据1980年至今的人口统计过程(出生率、死亡率、婴儿死亡率和自然生长)以及所有基本疾病类别和疾病分类单位的完整特征制定的。自1986年以来,出现了人口健康迅速恶化的极其危险的趋势。这个国家从1990年开始就处于人口减少的过程中。调查所得的数据证实了以预防和巩固人口健康为主要目标的环境保护和稳步发展活动的优先意义。
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引用次数: 0
[The direct health effects of air pollution in Vratsa in 1991]. [1991年Vratsa空气污染对健康的直接影响]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
S Tabakova, Ts Koleva, P Petrov, G Simeonov

The effect of air pollution in the town of Vratsa on the daily morbidity of the population has been studied during the first half of 1991. Studies are performed on the correlation between the daily dynamics in the pollution according to specific for the town indices ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulphur dioxide, nitric oxides, dust, meteorological parameters temperature of the air, relative humidity, air velocity, barometric pressure and some respiratory and allergic diseases among the population. It is already established that the level of the air pollution in the town of Vratsa, among which dominate ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, have a direct effect on the acute respiratory morbidity, more expressed among the children. This influence is traced both in episodes of increased pollution, and in the course of several days afterwards and is conductive by the combination of unfavourable meteorological conditions, hindering the dispersion of the atmospheric pollutants.

1991年上半年研究了弗拉察镇空气污染对人口每日发病率的影响。根据城镇指标氨、硫化氢、二氧化硫、一氧化氮、粉尘、气象参数、空气温度、相对湿度、风速、气压与人群中某些呼吸道和过敏性疾病之间的相关性进行了污染的日常动态研究。已经确定,Vratsa镇的空气污染水平,其中主要是氨和硫化氢,对急性呼吸道疾病有直接影响,更多地表现在儿童中。这种影响既可以在污染加剧的时候发现,也可以在随后的几天里发现,而且由于不利的气象条件的结合,这种影响会阻碍大气污染物的扩散。
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引用次数: 0
[Hygienic research on new soap preparations for intensive laundry use]. [集约洗衣用新型皂制剂的卫生研究]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
S Uzunova, I Iordanova, A Baĭnova, A Tachev, T Ivanov

The purpose of the study is to establish hygienic properties of the new preparations for intensive washing and their effect on the skin of man. Examinations are performed on 5 new washing preparations from firm "Verila": "Linda" (from the producer and from the trade network from the country--Ruse, Blagoevgrad, Stara Zagora, Pleven, Cherven Bryag, Plovdiv and Dobrich), recipe No 1, 2, 3 and 4. Sanitary and chemical examinations are carried out: organoleptic indices, nonionogenic surface active substances, total content of surface active substances, content of carbamide, sodium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, formaldehyde and free alkali. Investigations are made on 125 volunteers for skin irritative and allergenic effect, with epicutaneous test before and after 30-day washing--respectively with 0.5% and 2% and with 5% and 20% of the washing preparations. The results point out the absence of ammonium nitrate and formaldehyde and compliance with the content of the composition of the declared expenditure norms (except of "Linda" from the trade network of the country). There are no reactions of skin irritation and allergy in neither of the subjects with all washing preparations. Recommendations are given to the producer for observing the technological discipline and requirements to the packings.

本研究的目的是确定新型强洗剂的卫生性能及其对人体皮肤的影响。对来自“Verila”公司的5种新型洗涤制剂进行了测试:“Linda”(来自生产商和国内贸易网络——鲁塞、布拉戈耶夫格勒、Stara Zagora、Pleven、Cherven Bryag、Plovdiv和Dobrich),配方1、2、3和4。进行卫生和化学检查:感官指数、非离子源性表面活性物质、表面活性物质总含量、尿素、碳酸钠、硝酸铵、甲醛和游离碱含量。对125名志愿者进行皮肤刺激和致敏效果的调查,在30天洗涤前和洗涤后分别用0.5%和2%的洗涤制剂和5%和20%的洗涤制剂进行表皮测试。结果指出,不含硝酸铵和甲醛,并符合申报支出标准的成分含量(国家贸易网络中的“Linda”除外)。使用所有洗涤制剂后,两名受试者均未出现皮肤刺激和过敏反应。建议生产商遵守技术规范和包装要求。
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引用次数: 0
[An estimation of the prevalence of risk factors for the cardiovascular system among female telephone operators]. [对女性电话接线员心血管系统危险因素流行程度的估计]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
E Ivanovich, D Kolarova

The dissemination of the standard risk factors for the cardiovascular system--smoking, family history of hypertension and abnormal weight in telephone operators is evaluated by including one, two or three of these factors (p = 260). A high relative part is taken by persons in the presence of the evaluated factors--75.8%, as the most highly spread is the factor "smoking" (58.8%) and smoking and family predisposition (15.4"). In persons with high blood pressure the dissemination of one or two of the examined risk factors is nearly the same, with heightened presence of "smoking and abnormal weight". In spite of the lack correlation between the studied risk factors and the arterial blood pressure, their dissemination on a large scale as well as the specific character of the telephone operators work certify a heightened risk of diseases of the cardiovascular system and the necessity of special attention to these endangered people.

通过纳入一个、两个或三个因素来评估电话接线员中心血管系统标准危险因素——吸烟、高血压家族史和体重异常的传播情况(p = 260)。在被评估因素存在的情况下,人们所占的相对比例很高——75.8%,因为传播最广的因素是“吸烟”(58.8%)和吸烟和家庭易感性(15.4%)。在高血压患者中,一种或两种被检查的危险因素的传播几乎相同,“吸烟和体重异常”的存在增加。尽管所研究的危险因素与动脉血压之间缺乏相关性,但它们的大规模传播以及电话接线员工作的特殊性证明了心血管系统疾病的风险增加,并且有必要对这些濒危人群进行特别关注。
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引用次数: 0
[Changes in the blood system under chronic toxic exposure]. [慢性毒性暴露下血液系统的变化]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
V Khristeva, N Mirchev

On the basis of accumulated experience from the numerous investigations of the elements of the peripheral blood in workers of different areas in industry and agriculture a classification is made of the injuries of the blood system under chronic toxic effects. Results from the peripheral blood state of 200 workers with chronic exposure to benzol and other aromatic hydrocarbons are given, as well as for 155 agricultural workers in contact with pesticides for many years and 308 children of the region with polluted by heavy metals (mainly lead) environment. Attention is drawn, that both the acute intoxications and chronic toxic effects have provoking role for the manifestation of concealed congenital, not rarely genetically stimulated insufficiency of Gl-6-PHD, which is manifested clinically as haemolytic anemia and secretly proceeding hemoglobinopathies, which clinically develop as thalassemia at entering of toxic doses of drugs, heavy metals, pesticides in the organism.

根据对工农业不同领域工人外周血成分的大量调查积累的经验,对慢性毒性作用下的血液系统损伤进行了分类。本文对200名长期接触苯和其他芳烃的工人、155名长期接触农药的农业工人和308名重金属(主要是铅)污染地区儿童的外周血进行了检测。值得注意的是,急性中毒和慢性毒性作用均可诱发隐蔽性先天性的、并不罕见的遗传刺激的Gl-6-PHD不足,临床上表现为溶血性贫血和隐性血红蛋白病,当药物、重金属、农药进入体内毒性剂量时,临床表现为地中海贫血。
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引用次数: 0
[The acute toxicity of a bacterial insecticidal preparation containing a beta-exotoxin]. [含有-外毒素的细菌杀虫制剂的急性毒性]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
Zh Khalkova, Kh Zaĭkov, G Antov, S Dinoeva

The acute toxicity of a new Bulgarian bioinsecticide preparation is determined, produced on the basis of Bacillus thuringiensis containing 0.1% beta-exotoxin by oral, dermal, inhalational and intraperitoneal introduction in experimental animals. The evaluation of the toxicity is performed by a complex of toxicometric, integral, haematologic and pathologicoanatomic methods according to the WHO and USA criteria for studying the safety of the microbic agents for plant protection. It is already established that the preparation introduced orally in dose 10,000 mg.kg-1 (1.6.10(11) cell kg.-1 10 micrograms.kg-1 beta exotoxin), applied dermally in dose 6000 mg.kg-1 (9.6.10(10), 6 micrograms.kg-1 beta exotoxin) and in concentration 300 mg.m-3 (4.8.10(10) cell m-3, 300 micrograms.m-3 beta exotoxin) provokes no lethality, intoxication and changes in the integral, haematologic and pathologicoanatomic studies of test animals. LD50 at intraperitoneal introduction in white rats is 387.20 mg (6.2.10(10), kg-1, 387.2 micrograms kg-1 beta exotoxin) for male and 364.0 mg kg-1 (0.58.10(9) kg-1 364.0 micrograms kg-1 beta exotoxin) for female animals. The investigations point out that according to rate of acute toxicity the bacterial preparation containing 0.1% beta exotoxin is referred to the low toxic substances and reveals no danger for acute oral, dermal and inhalational poisonings when the regulations for production and use are observed.

在含有0.1% β -外毒素的苏云金芽孢杆菌的基础上,通过口服、皮肤、吸入和腹腔注入实验动物,确定了一种新的保加利亚生物杀虫剂制剂的急性毒性。毒性评估是根据世界卫生组织和美国研究植物保护微生物剂安全性的标准,通过综合的毒物计量学、积分学、血液学和病理解剖学方法进行的。已经确定该制剂口服剂量为10,000 mg。kg-1 (1.6.10(11) cell kg)。-1 10微克。Kg-1 β外毒素),皮肤应用剂量为6000毫克。Kg-1(9.6.10(10), 6微克。Kg-1 β外毒素),浓度为300毫克。M-3(4.8.10(10)细胞M-3, 300微克。M-3 β外毒素)在试验动物的整体、血液学和病理解剖研究中不会引起致死性、中毒和变化。雄性大鼠腹腔注射的LD50为387.20毫克(6.2.10(10)kg-1, 387.2微克kg-1 β外毒素),雌性动物为364.0毫克kg-1 (0.58.10(9) kg-1 364.0微克kg-1 β外毒素)。调查指出,根据急性毒性率,含有0.1% β外毒素的细菌制剂是指低毒物质,在遵守生产和使用规定的情况下,不存在急性口服、皮肤和吸入中毒的危险。
{"title":"[The acute toxicity of a bacterial insecticidal preparation containing a beta-exotoxin].","authors":"Zh Khalkova,&nbsp;Kh Zaĭkov,&nbsp;G Antov,&nbsp;S Dinoeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acute toxicity of a new Bulgarian bioinsecticide preparation is determined, produced on the basis of Bacillus thuringiensis containing 0.1% beta-exotoxin by oral, dermal, inhalational and intraperitoneal introduction in experimental animals. The evaluation of the toxicity is performed by a complex of toxicometric, integral, haematologic and pathologicoanatomic methods according to the WHO and USA criteria for studying the safety of the microbic agents for plant protection. It is already established that the preparation introduced orally in dose 10,000 mg.kg-1 (1.6.10(11) cell kg.-1 10 micrograms.kg-1 beta exotoxin), applied dermally in dose 6000 mg.kg-1 (9.6.10(10), 6 micrograms.kg-1 beta exotoxin) and in concentration 300 mg.m-3 (4.8.10(10) cell m-3, 300 micrograms.m-3 beta exotoxin) provokes no lethality, intoxication and changes in the integral, haematologic and pathologicoanatomic studies of test animals. LD50 at intraperitoneal introduction in white rats is 387.20 mg (6.2.10(10), kg-1, 387.2 micrograms kg-1 beta exotoxin) for male and 364.0 mg kg-1 (0.58.10(9) kg-1 364.0 micrograms kg-1 beta exotoxin) for female animals. The investigations point out that according to rate of acute toxicity the bacterial preparation containing 0.1% beta exotoxin is referred to the low toxic substances and reveals no danger for acute oral, dermal and inhalational poisonings when the regulations for production and use are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20520,"journal":{"name":"Problemi na khigienata","volume":"18 ","pages":"114-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18843938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Skin reactivity and the biological assessment of chromium exposure]. [皮肤反应性和铬暴露的生物学评价]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
N Madzhunov, Z Zaprianov, R Georgieva

Subject to the examination are 140 workers from the plant for hydraulic products "Iv. Tenev", town of Yambol. The dermatological examination embraces 57 workers from shop 21, 49 from shop 24 and control group of 24 persons. The examination establishes skin changes in 24.6% of the workers from shop 21 and in 38.7% in those from shop 24. In the same workers were proved occupational dermatoses respectively in 5.3% for these of the first shop and in 14.3% for those of the second shop. The results of the test of 10 workers from shop 24 gave positivation of the test with 0.5% chromic anhydride at 10.5%. The studies for toxicokinetics of chromium in the examined workers proved its high values in urine, erythrocytes and nails. Raised chromium levels are established in the urine of those working with chromium in comparison with the control group (p 0.0001). There is a good correlation dependence between the chromium in urine and in erythrocytes (r = 0.71; n = 45%; p < 0.0001). Persons, eliminating significant quantities of chromium in the urine have higher values of chromium in erythrocytes, which shows that the chromium entering the organism of workers in contact with chromium is 6-valent. The connection with the chromium in urine and in nails is more lightly expressed and is statistically insignificant (r = 0.35; n = 29; p < 0.05), which is due to the fact that the chromium in urine reflects the near exposure in time, while chromium in nails--the level of exposure before 6-8 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

接受检查的是来自扬博尔镇“Iv. Tenev”液压产品工厂的140名工人。皮肤病学检查包括21车间57名工人,24车间49名工人和对照组24人。检查发现,来自21号车间的工人皮肤有24.6%的变化,而来自24号车间的工人皮肤有38.7%的变化。在同一组工人中,第一家店铺的工人确诊为职业性皮肤病的比例分别为5.3%和14.3%。对24号车间10名工人的测试结果显示,在10.5%浓度下,0.5%铬酸酐的测试结果呈阳性。对工人体内铬的毒性动力学研究表明,铬在尿、红细胞和指甲中的含量较高。与对照组相比,与铬一起工作的人尿液中的铬含量升高(p 0.0001)。尿中铬与红细胞中铬有良好的相关依赖关系(r = 0.71;N = 45%;P < 0.0001)。排除尿中大量铬的人红细胞中铬的值较高,这表明进入与铬接触的工人机体的铬是6价的。与尿中铬和指甲中铬的关系表达较轻,统计学上不显著(r = 0.35;N = 29;P < 0.05),这是因为尿中铬反映的是近暴露时间,而指甲中铬反映的是6-8个月前的暴露水平。(摘要删节250字)
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引用次数: 0
[The assessment of the occupational risk for skin diseases in workers at the Storgoziia Plant, Pleven]. [对普列文Storgoziia工厂工人皮肤病职业风险的评估]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
N Madzhunov, M Nosko

A dermatological examination is performed on 95 workers (43 men and 52 women). In order to differentiate the type of contact dermatitis in connection with the expert examination of the skin changes in 20 workers was carried out epicutaneous test by specialized series PVH dust (pure), PVH--dust, containing dyes, by titanium oxide, with lead stearat and with paraloid, which is on acrylic base--all in concentrations 2% in carrier oil. It is established that in 26.3% of the examined are registered general skin diseases. In 7.4% are proved occupational skin diseases and in 3.2% allergic, in 4.2%--irritative.

对95名工人(43名男性和52名女性)进行了皮肤检查。为了区分接触性皮炎的类型,结合专家对20名工人皮肤变化的检查,对专门系列的PVH粉尘(纯)、PVH粉尘(含染料)、氧化钛、硬脂酸铅和丙烯基类络合物进行了表皮试验,所有这些都在载体油中浓度为2%。经证实,在接受检查的人中,有26.3%登记为一般皮肤病。7.4%确诊为职业性皮肤病,3.2%为过敏性,4.2%为刺激性。
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引用次数: 0
[The effect of air pollution on the allergic reactivity of the population]. [空气污染对人群过敏反应的影响]。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
T Antova

An epidemiological study was carried out in several regions in Bulgaria polluted by industry and motor vehicle transport. The investigation included monitoring of ambient air pollution, a questionnaire study of 13040 persons, and allergological/immunological testing of representative groups of population. The testing was performed on persons selected by the questionnaire study, who were not exposed professionally to toxicants. The ambient air was contaminated by particulates and gaseous contaminants in the majority of the studies areas. The questionnaire study revealed an increased incidence of complaints indicative of allergic reactions, such as recurring skin eruptions, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthmatic bronchitis. The positive skin tests were twice as common among the residents of polluted areas as compared to control. A decreased activity of the complement and increased levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) were found in the exposed population. The changes found in the study suggest a health risk for the population created by air pollution.

在保加利亚几个受工业和机动车辆运输污染的区域进行了流行病学研究。调查包括环境空气污染监测,对13040人进行问卷调查,并对代表性人群进行过敏/免疫学检测。测试是在问卷研究中选定的人员中进行的,这些人员在专业上没有接触过毒物。在大多数研究区域,环境空气受到颗粒物和气态污染物的污染。问卷调查显示,过敏反应的发生率增加,如反复出现的皮肤疹、过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘性支气管炎。在污染地区的居民中,皮肤测试呈阳性的比例是对照组的两倍。在暴露人群中发现补体活性降低,免疫球蛋白(IgG, IgA, IgM)水平升高。研究发现的这些变化表明,空气污染给人们带来了健康风险。
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引用次数: 0
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Problemi na khigienata
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