Problemi na khigienata最新文献

The gonadotropic effect of the Bulgarian preparation artichoke, developed on the basis of Cynara scolymus is studied. The preparation is used under the form of 50% aque emulsion, stabilized by emulgent Twin-80, in doses 35.70 and 150 mg/kg-1, 5 times weekly for 75 days. The evaluation is made on sexually mature white male rats Wistar, distributed into groups of 10. The results are compared with a control group. A complex of functional, quantitative morphological, classic histological tests are used, in compliance with the Bulgarian State Standards 15378-81. An electron microscopic study is performed. The 75-day introduction of artichoke [Cynara scolymus] in doses 35.70 and 150 mg/kg-1 leads to no significant changes in the structure of the semen of white rats, established on cellular and subcellular level. The single deviations in the function of the spermatozoid and the morphology of the spermatogenic epithelium give no grounds for conclusion concerning an injury or stimulating effect of the preparation in the conditions of the experiment.

The work aims at studying the specificity of the social living conditions, organization, regimen, psychosocial and other factors of life and their effect on the health status of students from the hostels of the students' town in Sofia. An inquiry is used, including 69 questions, connected with the organization and the conditions of living and education in the hostels. A statistical method for examining the chronic somatic morbidity is applied. By the inquiry method are investigated 1034 young people (boys and girls), living in the hostels of the Student's town. The statistical method assists in studying the chronic morbidity of 10.051 students, living in the hostels and of 9.562 students living in other places. The results show that in the hostel form of living there are infringements of the conditions and organization of the living standard, daily regimen, nutrition etc. The registered negative deviations correlate with the presence of higher chronic somatic morbidity, higher prevalence in spreading of socially important diseases-cardio-vascular, gastro-intestinal, renal. A hygiene-preventive program for improving the living standard, extending the dispensarization, carrying of prophylactic and treatment undertakings, etc. was recommended.

The variability of the dust concentration in time and space, as well as the change of worker's place during the working process, define the necessity of introducing personal sampling in the hygiene control practice. However, the laboratory equipment with personal devices is still not sufficient. The aim of this work is to assess the dust exposure of the basic professional groups from the ore- and coal production in Bulgaria by personal sampling in comparative studies of the static ambient sampling used up to now. 63 full-shift investigations of the dust factor were performed on professional groups of miners of the polymetal and coal pits by static ambient devices-[Hygitest production] and personal [from firms "Casella", "Strolein" and "Gilian"] devices, after standardized methods. The results are data processed-by means of logarithmic normal distribution of the relation of the respirable dust concentrations, determined personally and by static ambient sampling. The limits of variation of this correlation are from 0.5 to 4.1 at average geometric value -0.95 and standard geometric deviation-1.8 i.e. both types of sampling are intersubstitutional for the examined groups and sites, as in the underground ores the professional risk of respirable dust is underestimated up to 4 times at static ambient sampling.

The acute oral and dermal toxicity was studied as well as subacute oral toxicity [30 successive days] and skin irritating effect on experimental animals of new drug form "Takal 9", "Takal 14" and "Takal 16" with proved bactericidal and virucidal activity. A complex of toxicometric, unspecific, haematological, biochemical and histological studies were performed. The compositions "Takal 9", "Takal 14" and "Takal 16" are slightly toxic at oral and dermal application. LD50 for "Takal 9" and "Takal 16" is above 15,000 mg/kg-1 while for preparation "Takal 14" is not reached. At unrepeated dermal application LD50 for the examined group of preparations surpasses 5000 mg/kg-1. The products have no skin-irritative effect. No cumulative effect is established in the conditions of a 30-day oral treatment. On the background of no changes in the serum indices an activation of the aerobic and anaerobic oxidation in the liver is registered in animals treated with ethyl alcohol, "Takal 9" and "Takal 16". These deviations are due, most probably, to the participation of ethyl alcohol as solvent, in "Takal 9" and "Takal 16". On the basis of the experiments, as most suitable for use, is established the preparation "Takal 14".

The studies performed with the chinalizarin method the for determination of the concentration of boric compounds in the air of the working area, proved to be impracticable in the presence of geranium and beryllium compounds. A spectrometric method for analysis of boric compounds was developed, based on their interaction with fluoric and ferric ions in the presence of sulfo-salicylic acid, and a complex compound was received of light orange colour to red, depending on the boric concentration. The maximum of absorption was at wave length of 577 mm. The sensitivity of the method was 0.001 mg boric in the analyzed sample -2 cm3. There is a linear dependence between the boric concentration and the optic density of the developed samples of interval 0.001-0.15 mg borium. The accuracy of the method expressed by coefficient of variation in % is in interval 12.4-6.3% for borium concentrations of 0.001-0.1 mg. The field where the method could be applied is defined in the presence of titanium, copper and lead compounds.

In tracing the cellular population status in the peripheral blood of workers, exposed to benzene, was included and cytochemical determination of the alkaline phosphatase activity in leucocytes. This enzyme is accepted as marker of the neutrophilic granulocytes, as maturation of the cells and their antibacterial activity are parallel to the cytochemical activity of the enzyme. 78 workers from the coke-chemical production from state firm "Kremikovtsi" and 41 workers from the production "Benzene" and "Isopropylbenzene"--Oil Chemical Plant, Burgas are included. The benzene concentrations in the air of the working places in all productions are in the range of 5 to 50 mg/m3. For cytochemical determination of the alkaline phosphatase activity is used the method of L. Kaplow and phosphatase index was calculated. It was established that in 98.4% of all examined the alkaline phosphatase activity is inhibited to different rate, as from 46.5% [61 workers] it is zero. In considerably lower percentage of workers were established and other deviations: leucocytosis or leucopenia, neutropenia, increased percent of band neutrophils and toxic granules. The results of the investigation of the granulocyte population show that from all indices, the activity of granulocyte alkaline phosphatase demonstrates most convincing the early myelotoxic effect of benzene.

Psychophysiological studies on teachers' work include generally the evaluation of occupational stressors influencing the work load and strain and the assessment of transient and long-term changes in teachers' functional state and health due to these stressors. Results from investigations of some changes in the functional state of the organism of female teachers working in secondary and technical schools of different profiles were presented in this study. The following parameters were applied: subjective feeling of fatigue, heart rate [HR], excretion rates of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11-OCS), adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) during work. According to the mean HR values during work a moderate cardio-vascular strain was obtained (HR between 80-90 beats) min. Transient HR values over 100 beats/min were registered during periods connected with specific stressful working conditions. The levels of 11-OCS and the catecholamines excretion rates also indicated a moderate job strain. More pronounced changes in 11-OCS, NA and A were found when teaching in the upper classes of the secondary and technical schools. Significant correlations were established between the changes of HR, 11-OCS, NA and A and some individual characteristics of the examined persons, such as: age, length of service, HR at rest and level of neuroticism. Our data reveal the usefulness of the indices and procedures applied for the evaluation of teachers' strain at work.

The acute and subacute dermal toxicity, skin irritating and sensitizing effect of the preparation "Bulmektin" was examined for a period of 21 days. It contains 0.5% active substance Ivermectin. The experiments were carried out in conformity with the Bulgarian State Standards and the OECD methodical recommendations. The unrepeated dermal application of the preparation in dose 6000 mg/kg-1 for white rats provoked no lethality and signs of intoxication. No cumulative effect was established at the 21-day dermal toxicity. The threshold dose is 2000 mg/kg-1. On the basis of the investigations could be accepted, that the preparation carries no danger for acute and chronic dermal intoxications at observing the regulations for its production and use. No local irritation of the skin is established in rats and guinea pigs from the preparation. There is no development of contact allergy at the application of induced and allowed dose of 25% aqua suspension of the preparation on white guinea pigs.

The purpose of the present work is to study the relation between the characteristics of the work activity and especially the parameters of the working posture and work place as well as the complaints of the musculoskeletal system (MSS) among professions where women are mainly engaged. The object of the study were 3 professional group: 1st group--telephone operators on video display (VD), IInd group--hairdressers and IIIrd group--television (TV) tuners. For the investigation was used inquiry-questionnaire for MSS complaints, which includes localization and type of the complaints, subjective evaluation of the working posture, organization and arranging the working place. A 3-step scale was used for each of the observed indices. The results point out, that the frequency of MSS complaints is very high in the examined professions. The complaints of the telephone operators on VD concern mainly the neck [66% of the examined], the shoulders and back [respectively 58% and 50%]; of the hairdressers--the shoulders and back [85% and 80%] and the legs [75%]; of the TV tuners--the fingers of the hand [60%], neck and shoulders [43% and 40%]. The MSS complaints are in positive correlation to the age and length of service of the workers [from 0.75 to 0.91]. The expert ergonomic evaluation shows that for the three examined professions, the working posture is the determining factor for MSS complaints. For hairdressers and TV tuners are the same degrees, followed by the telephone operators on VD. In the organization of the working place there are numerous ergonomic discrepancies: for the telephone operators the most considerable deviations of the ergonomic requirements are in the dimensions of the working places: for the hairdressers and TV tuners--in the dimensions of the working zones and the arrangement of the working place. A statistically positive correlation dependence was received between MSS complaints and the working posture for the three professional groups (r from 0.85 to 0.89) and between the complaints and the ergonomic discrepancies of the working place (r between 0.75 and 0.85).

Our health prophylactic badly needs approaches and means for the realization of healthy policy, responding to the changing situations of health risk and shared responsibilities concerning the environment and man's health. The project "Healthy Cities" is a means of applying the already accepted in this country principles of the program "Health for all by the year 2000" on local standard. The city is accepted as a complex organism, which lives, develops and constantly changes. Healthy is this city which improves its environment and manages its resources in such a way as to ensure: high level of the health status; efficient health services; physical environment of high quality, including the living environment; steady ecosystems; society, supporting the health policy; offering good living conditions to every inhabitant; intensive social co-operation; steadfast economics; intensive cultural life and maintaining the connections with the cultural-historic and natural heritage; model and approach to the town planning, corresponding to the above mentioned nine parameters. The requirements of the project, related to the WHO priority strategies are given. A key mechanism in the realization of the health policy has to be the evaluation of the health and demographic state and its periodic reporting to the town authorities by means of suitable health criteria and indicators for the qualities of the environment. The analyses of the health state and the situation of the rural environment have to serve the Governmental decisions for the towns development. Conditions for participating in the project, the international initiatives and national priorities are presented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)