Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.010
Emma Punsmann , Tassilo Arndt , Volker Schulze
In the course of electromobility the demand for resistant and high-precision internal gears is increasing. Gear skiving is a complex manufacturing process offering a good compromise of productivity and flexibility for this application. The process is characterized by a strong variation of the effective cutting conditions across the tool profile and the engagement. Therefore numerical models are required for profound process design. However, common methods for calculating the effective cutting conditions do not take deviations of tool teeth into account.
This work presents a simulative approach to investigate the influence of tool deviations on the effective cutting conditions in gear skiving. An existing penetration calculation is extended to include radial and axial runout and pitch deviation of the tool teeth. An exemplary simulation study is conducted to analyze their influence on the effective cutting parameters with a focus on the detection of extreme values. It is shown that pitch deviations have a significant effect on the uncut chip thickness and the effective rake angle. This effect can be further amplified or mitigated by radial runout deviations.
{"title":"Simulative approach to investigate the influence of tool deviations on the effective cutting conditions in gear skiving","authors":"Emma Punsmann , Tassilo Arndt , Volker Schulze","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the course of electromobility the demand for resistant and high-precision internal gears is increasing. Gear skiving is a complex manufacturing process offering a good compromise of productivity and flexibility for this application. The process is characterized by a strong variation of the effective cutting conditions across the tool profile and the engagement. Therefore numerical models are required for profound process design. However, common methods for calculating the effective cutting conditions do not take deviations of tool teeth into account.</div><div>This work presents a simulative approach to investigate the influence of tool deviations on the effective cutting conditions in gear skiving. An existing penetration calculation is extended to include radial and axial runout and pitch deviation of the tool teeth. An exemplary simulation study is conducted to analyze their influence on the effective cutting parameters with a focus on the detection of extreme values. It is shown that pitch deviations have a significant effect on the uncut chip thickness and the effective rake angle. This effect can be further amplified or mitigated by radial runout deviations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.028
Rui Fu , Xiaowei Tang , Jiawei Wu , Fangyu Peng , Rong Yan , Shihao Xin
Robotic machining technology plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of large components. However, the time-varying chatter phenomenon is a major obstacle to improving machining efficiency. Effective vibration suppression devices for robots must cope with chatter that changes in both direction and frequency, as well as maintain reliability during large variations in robot poses. This paper introduces a novel three-dimensional cellular magnetorheological elastomer (C-MRE) absorber. The absorber consists of meshed magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) and magnetically conductive spheres embedded therein in the form of a cellular distribution, allowing it to operate in any direction within three-dimensional space, and maintaining its ability during any rotation. A dynamics model of the C-MRE absorber is established, and its natural frequencies are simulated for various parameter combinations, revealing design principles or guidelines for selecting absorber parameters. The operating frequency band of the C-MRE absorber can be adjusted by controlling the current, to match the time-varying frequency of chatter. Experiments show that the developed C-MRE absorber prototype can achieve a maximum suppression effect of 87% for various robot modes. Additionally, it continues to function normally after rotation, with an operational bandwidth of approximately 10-30 Hz.
{"title":"Three-dimensional cellular magnetorheological elastomer absorber for suppressing time-varying chatter in robotic milling","authors":"Rui Fu , Xiaowei Tang , Jiawei Wu , Fangyu Peng , Rong Yan , Shihao Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Robotic machining technology plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of large components. However, the time-varying chatter phenomenon is a major obstacle to improving machining efficiency. Effective vibration suppression devices for robots must cope with chatter that changes in both direction and frequency, as well as maintain reliability during large variations in robot poses. This paper introduces a novel three-dimensional cellular magnetorheological elastomer (C-MRE) absorber. The absorber consists of meshed magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) and magnetically conductive spheres embedded therein in the form of a cellular distribution, allowing it to operate in any direction within three-dimensional space, and maintaining its ability during any rotation. A dynamics model of the C-MRE absorber is established, and its natural frequencies are simulated for various parameter combinations, revealing design principles or guidelines for selecting absorber parameters. The operating frequency band of the C-MRE absorber can be adjusted by controlling the current, to match the time-varying frequency of chatter. Experiments show that the developed C-MRE absorber prototype can achieve a maximum suppression effect of 87% for various robot modes. Additionally, it continues to function normally after rotation, with an operational bandwidth of approximately 10-30 Hz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.013
Stephan Hansen , Tobias Hamann , Christian Möller , Wolfgang Hintze
The industrial robot with extended workspace offers an alternative concept for machining of large CFRP components. Due to their serial kinematics, robots have a good ratio of mounting space to workspace and provide high flexibility in the production line. Although the machining with industrial robots of thin aerospace shell components has already been successful, the next step for the growing utilization of robots in the scope of machining is increasing their robustness against process forces and their application in more demanding machining tasks.
In this work, an industrial robot with a linear axis designed for machining tasks is presented as a new approach for milling of large aircraft components. The use of an innovative hybrid drive train, consisting of an additional torque drive that is mounted parallel to the conventional gear drive, in the first three axes of the robot increases its dynamic behaviour by generating torque directly on the load side without mechanical transmission. This hybrid drive concept combines the ability to compensate for undesirable effects of the gearbox such as compliance caused vibrations and to dampen high-frequency excitations while at the same time ensuring high energy efficiency in static and quasi-static states. This work examines the behaviour of the robot during machining and shows that the use of hybrid drives in industrial robots significantly improves the machining quality and reduces the influence of the workspace position on the path accuracy.
{"title":"Machining of large CFRP-components with industrial robots with hybrid drives","authors":"Stephan Hansen , Tobias Hamann , Christian Möller , Wolfgang Hintze","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial robot with extended workspace offers an alternative concept for machining of large CFRP components. Due to their serial kinematics, robots have a good ratio of mounting space to workspace and provide high flexibility in the production line. Although the machining with industrial robots of thin aerospace shell components has already been successful, the next step for the growing utilization of robots in the scope of machining is increasing their robustness against process forces and their application in more demanding machining tasks.</div><div>In this work, an industrial robot with a linear axis designed for machining tasks is presented as a new approach for milling of large aircraft components. The use of an innovative hybrid drive train, consisting of an additional torque drive that is mounted parallel to the conventional gear drive, in the first three axes of the robot increases its dynamic behaviour by generating torque directly on the load side without mechanical transmission. This hybrid drive concept combines the ability to compensate for undesirable effects of the gearbox such as compliance caused vibrations and to dampen high-frequency excitations while at the same time ensuring high energy efficiency in static and quasi-static states. This work examines the behaviour of the robot during machining and shows that the use of hybrid drives in industrial robots significantly improves the machining quality and reduces the influence of the workspace position on the path accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.333
Johannes Wiedemann , Tetiana Pittsyk , Oliver Völkerink , Christian Hühne
Manufacturing-induced thermal residual stresses reduce the mechanical strength of fiber metal laminates (FML). Modified (MOD) cure cycles can help to reduce these stresses. However, the typically assumed homogeneous temperature distribution across the thickness of a laminate may not hold true for laminate configurations with, e.g., large thicknesses or low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the temperature in monolithic composite and fiber metal laminates is experimentally determined. Based on the experimental results, a numerical heat transfer model is developed to predict the temperature throughout the cure cycle. A good agreement between experiment and simulation is achieved. The numerical model further shows that temperature gradients of up to 20 °C for a 40 mm thick laminate can be expected, which will significantly influence the homogeneity of the residual stress state in such a laminate manufactured with a MOD cycle. The numerical model can serve as a valuable tool for estimating the homogeneity of the temperature distribution across the thickness of a laminate for different layups and cure cycle modifications.
{"title":"Temperature distribution inside composite and fiber metal laminates during modified cure cycles","authors":"Johannes Wiedemann , Tetiana Pittsyk , Oliver Völkerink , Christian Hühne","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manufacturing-induced thermal residual stresses reduce the mechanical strength of fiber metal laminates (FML). Modified (MOD) cure cycles can help to reduce these stresses. However, the typically assumed homogeneous temperature distribution across the thickness of a laminate may not hold true for laminate configurations with, e.g., large thicknesses or low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the temperature in monolithic composite and fiber metal laminates is experimentally determined. Based on the experimental results, a numerical heat transfer model is developed to predict the temperature throughout the cure cycle. A good agreement between experiment and simulation is achieved. The numerical model further shows that temperature gradients of up to 20 °C for a 40 mm thick laminate can be expected, which will significantly influence the homogeneity of the residual stress state in such a laminate manufactured with a MOD cycle. The numerical model can serve as a valuable tool for estimating the homogeneity of the temperature distribution across the thickness of a laminate for different layups and cure cycle modifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.015
Anand Sankar M, Rajkumar Velu, Anand Kumar S
Continuous carbon fibre composites are distinguished by their lightweight design and high strength-to-weight ratio. The development of additive manufacturing technology has expanded the possibilities for continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites (CCFRPCs). However, damage within this structure, such as matrix cracking, fibre fracture, delamination, etc., is inevitable in practical applications and may lead to catastrophic events. Therefore, structural health monitoring of CCFRPCs is important for comprehending their usefulness and performance. External sensors are susceptible to environmental and practical constraints during the service period, whereas embedding the sensors into the polymer matrix requires additional methods and other conductive materials, which is a complex process and costly to produce. Therefore, the piezoresistive features of continuous carbon fibre composites are exploited in this study to investigate the integrated stress-strain damage sensing capability due to carbon fibre networks in the 3D printed CCFRPCs. Continuous CFRPCs with different fibre resistance networks are produced by co-extrusion 3D printing technique to demonstrate the strain sensing functionality by incorporating a resistance measuring circuit. The resistance change of 3D printed structures is significantly correlated with the loading and deformation of CCFRPCs. The resistance change in the structure can be used to determine the status of the composite part. Lastly, the potential of 3D-printed, integrated self-monitoring CCFRPC specimens is assessed through a finger joint motion case study. The study demonstrates that the change in resistance in the structural components can be used to monitor the loading and strain damage of the 3D-printed continuous carbon fibre composite, expanding the range of applications for 3D-printed CCFRPCs.
{"title":"Mechanical and self-monitoring properties of coextrusion 3D printed continuous carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites","authors":"Anand Sankar M, Rajkumar Velu, Anand Kumar S","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous carbon fibre composites are distinguished by their lightweight design and high strength-to-weight ratio. The development of additive manufacturing technology has expanded the possibilities for continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites (CCFRPCs). However, damage within this structure, such as matrix cracking, fibre fracture, delamination, etc., is inevitable in practical applications and may lead to catastrophic events. Therefore, structural health monitoring of CCFRPCs is important for comprehending their usefulness and performance. External sensors are susceptible to environmental and practical constraints during the service period, whereas embedding the sensors into the polymer matrix requires additional methods and other conductive materials, which is a complex process and costly to produce. Therefore, the piezoresistive features of continuous carbon fibre composites are exploited in this study to investigate the integrated stress-strain damage sensing capability due to carbon fibre networks in the 3D printed CCFRPCs. Continuous CFRPCs with different fibre resistance networks are produced by co-extrusion 3D printing technique to demonstrate the strain sensing functionality by incorporating a resistance measuring circuit. The resistance change of 3D printed structures is significantly correlated with the loading and deformation of CCFRPCs. The resistance change in the structure can be used to determine the status of the composite part. Lastly, the potential of 3D-printed, integrated self-monitoring CCFRPC specimens is assessed through a finger joint motion case study. The study demonstrates that the change in resistance in the structural components can be used to monitor the loading and strain damage of the 3D-printed continuous carbon fibre composite, expanding the range of applications for 3D-printed CCFRPCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 74-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.11.003
Kevin Kerrigan , Vaibhav A. Phadnis , Rachid M'Saoubi , Richard J. Scaife
The growing number of fibre deposition methods for composite structure enables highly tailored, high-performance architectures from one design intent to another. This raises the question, “How much should damage tolerances differ for one composite part design to another?” This initiates a framework for further exploration of the boundaries of acceptability, using a quantitative approach to assess the influence of process parameters on in-service performance. The framework is illustrated through a case study of a feature machined into a composite structure, namely a hole for part assembly. Mechanical and thermal hole defects were deliberately induced during dry drilling of quasi-isotropic pre-impregnated laminates. In-process forces and temperatures in combination with post-machining microscopy, X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed micro-damage leading to isolated, global defects of delamination and thermal damage types. Comparisons with healthy, undamaged holes in static mechanical tests enabled quantitative assessment of the impact of different damage types on in-service performance, in this case compressive strength, of a composite part. High-speed drilling (52% faster) reduced strength (3.5%) due to hole geometry errors. Low-speed drilling (11.5x slower) increased strength (2%). Delamination (40% faster) reduced strength (2.5%). Future research should focus on defect implications, virtual defects and testing thereof, and in-situ monitoring.
{"title":"Critical damage modes in high-performance drilling of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites","authors":"Kevin Kerrigan , Vaibhav A. Phadnis , Rachid M'Saoubi , Richard J. Scaife","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing number of fibre deposition methods for composite structure enables highly tailored, high-performance architectures from one design intent to another. This raises the question, “How much should damage tolerances differ for one composite part design to another?” This initiates a framework for further exploration of the boundaries of acceptability, using a quantitative approach to assess the influence of process parameters on in-service performance. The framework is illustrated through a case study of a feature machined into a composite structure, namely a hole for part assembly. Mechanical and thermal hole defects were deliberately induced during dry drilling of quasi-isotropic pre-impregnated laminates. In-process forces and temperatures in combination with post-machining microscopy, X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed micro-damage leading to isolated, global defects of delamination and thermal damage types. Comparisons with healthy, undamaged holes in static mechanical tests enabled quantitative assessment of the impact of different damage types on in-service performance, in this case compressive strength, of a composite part. High-speed drilling (52% faster) reduced strength (3.5%) due to hole geometry errors. Low-speed drilling (11.5x slower) increased strength (2%). Delamination (40% faster) reduced strength (2.5%). Future research should focus on defect implications, virtual defects and testing thereof, and in-situ monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.020
Bernd-Arno Behrens , Sven Hübner , Denis Fink , Timo Fünfkirchler , Jörn Wehmeyer , Klaus Dilger , Sven Hartwig , Christian Gundlach
The automotive industry has high demands for multi-material structures in achieving lightweight design, efficient body construction and enhanced functionality. These structures capitalize on the favorable mechanical properties and reduced weight of such combinations, especially when metal and plastic are integrated to create a synergistic effect. This research paper outlines the advancement of a hot-stamp and an compression tool to facilitate a thermally assisted compression process. This process enables the seamless joining of GMT (Glass Mat reinforced Thermoplastics) and 22MnB5 steel without the need for additional bonding agents.
In the initial step of the process, a hot-stamping tool is utilized to fabricate cap profile components. Afterwards a combined compression and joining process of the GMT takes place. Through adhesion, the GMT material bonds to the rough surface of the AlSi-coated 22MnB5, enabling the removal of the final component.
The influence of process parameters was assessed through static and dynamic tests conducted on demonstrator components. Overall, it was determined that the introduction of a GMT stiffening structure leads to improvements in both the static and dynamic properties of the component so a reduction of the steel thickness of the structure can be carried out. This reduction in thickness is accompanied by a decrease in the mass of the test structure, while maintaining or even enhancing its static and dynamic properties. Further weight savings are possible through additional component and process optimization.
{"title":"Enhancement of thin hot-stamped components using fiber-reinforced plastic structures with improved fatigue strength characteristics","authors":"Bernd-Arno Behrens , Sven Hübner , Denis Fink , Timo Fünfkirchler , Jörn Wehmeyer , Klaus Dilger , Sven Hartwig , Christian Gundlach","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The automotive industry has high demands for multi-material structures in achieving lightweight design, efficient body construction and enhanced functionality. These structures capitalize on the favorable mechanical properties and reduced weight of such combinations, especially when metal and plastic are integrated to create a synergistic effect. This research paper outlines the advancement of a hot-stamp and an compression tool to facilitate a thermally assisted compression process. This process enables the seamless joining of GMT (Glass Mat reinforced Thermoplastics) and 22MnB5 steel without the need for additional bonding agents.</div><div>In the initial step of the process, a hot-stamping tool is utilized to fabricate cap profile components. Afterwards a combined compression and joining process of the GMT takes place. Through adhesion, the GMT material bonds to the rough surface of the AlSi-coated 22MnB5, enabling the removal of the final component.</div><div>The influence of process parameters was assessed through static and dynamic tests conducted on demonstrator components. Overall, it was determined that the introduction of a GMT stiffening structure leads to improvements in both the static and dynamic properties of the component so a reduction of the steel thickness of the structure can be carried out. This reduction in thickness is accompanied by a decrease in the mass of the test structure, while maintaining or even enhancing its static and dynamic properties. Further weight savings are possible through additional component and process optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process Mining (PM) is emerging as a crucial technique for analyzing and improving manufacturing processes within the Industry 4.0 landscape. However, the diverse mix of legacy and state-of-the-art technologies in modern manufacturing poses significant challenges for PM applications. This paper maps the current state of PM in manufacturing by analyzing 34 papers from the past five years and identifies six thematic groups: Production, Planning and Control, Quality, Industry 4.0, Digital Twin, Logistics, and Maintenance. These groups highlight specific challenges that can be addressed with comprehensive PM solutions. Two major categories of challenges are identified: Information Technology, which relates to data complexity and quality, and Governance, which pertains to data accountability and regulations. Object-Centric Process Mining (OCPM) extends traditional PM by focusing on multiple interacting objects, providing a more comprehensive view of manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Uncovering the potential and pitfalls of Process Mining in manufacturing","authors":"Júlia Villwock Gomes de Oliveira, Eduardo Alves Portela Santos, Silvana Pereira Detro","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process Mining (PM) is emerging as a crucial technique for analyzing and improving manufacturing processes within the Industry 4.0 landscape. However, the diverse mix of legacy and state-of-the-art technologies in modern manufacturing poses significant challenges for PM applications. This paper maps the current state of PM in manufacturing by analyzing 34 papers from the past five years and identifies six thematic groups: Production, Planning and Control, Quality, Industry 4.0, Digital Twin, Logistics, and Maintenance. These groups highlight specific challenges that can be addressed with comprehensive PM solutions. Two major categories of challenges are identified: Information Technology, which relates to data complexity and quality, and Governance, which pertains to data accountability and regulations. Object-Centric Process Mining (OCPM) extends traditional PM by focusing on multiple interacting objects, providing a more comprehensive view of manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.031
Abdulrahman Alqoud , Jelena Milisavljevic-Syed , Konstantinos Salonitis
In an era of digital transformation, evaluating effective strategies for upgrading manufacturing systems is crucial to maintaining competitiveness. Digital retrofitting has become a strategic approach integrating new digital technologies into legacy systems to share data and align with Industry 4.0 principles. However, various techniques and criteria exist for implementing digital retrofitting. Despite its importance, there is a notable lack of studies assessing these retrofitting approaches using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodologies. This study addresses this gap by employing two MCDM techniques: the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). It assesses three digital retrofitting alternatives, starter kit solutions, embedded gateway solutions, and IoT hardware-based solutions, against ten critical criteria. These criteria were weighted through pairwise comparison analysis based on a survey of twelve industry practitioners to reflect industry preferences. The aim is to determine the most effective digital retrofitting approach to aid manufacturers in transitioning to Industry 4.0. This study addresses the complexities of managing conflicting criteria in digital transformation. Moreover, the results contribute to decision-making methodologies by demonstrating their practical applications, thus guiding manufacturers through the intricate landscape of digital retrofitting.
{"title":"Multi-criteria decision making in evaluating digital retrofitting solutions: utilising AHP and TOPSIS","authors":"Abdulrahman Alqoud , Jelena Milisavljevic-Syed , Konstantinos Salonitis","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an era of digital transformation, evaluating effective strategies for upgrading manufacturing systems is crucial to maintaining competitiveness. Digital retrofitting has become a strategic approach integrating new digital technologies into legacy systems to share data and align with Industry 4.0 principles. However, various techniques and criteria exist for implementing digital retrofitting. Despite its importance, there is a notable lack of studies assessing these retrofitting approaches using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodologies. This study addresses this gap by employing two MCDM techniques: the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). It assesses three digital retrofitting alternatives, starter kit solutions, embedded gateway solutions, and IoT hardware-based solutions, against ten critical criteria. These criteria were weighted through pairwise comparison analysis based on a survey of twelve industry practitioners to reflect industry preferences. The aim is to determine the most effective digital retrofitting approach to aid manufacturers in transitioning to Industry 4.0. This study addresses the complexities of managing conflicting criteria in digital transformation. Moreover, the results contribute to decision-making methodologies by demonstrating their practical applications, thus guiding manufacturers through the intricate landscape of digital retrofitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.032
Unais Sait , Marco Frego , Antonella De Angeli , Angelika Peer
The digitalization of shop floors has led to a significant shift towards automated planning and scheduling to improve resource management and production efficiency. This paper presents a comparative study of the use of machine learning approaches for predicting the distribution of task occurrence in activity-based shop floors. This study leverages real data extracted from Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), and historical data of shopfloor-level processes. Furthermore, three regression-based models, namely a fe-nearest Neighbor Regressor (KNR), Random Forest Regressor (RFR), and Multi-output Support Vector Regressor (M-SVR) are evaluated on the extracted data. The study identifies M-SVR as the best-performing model when hyperparameters were optimised through model optimisation via grid search and 5-fold cross-validation. The comparative analysis includes evaluation metrics, providing insight into effective task prediction in shop floor environments. This paper highlights the importance of data-driven methods for the prediction of manufacturing processes and the digitalization of shop floors.
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