Procedia CIRP最新文献

英文中文

From pixels to 3D worlds: Enhancing digital collaboration for distributed teams 从像素到 3D 世界：加强分布式团队的数字协作

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.03.035

Spyridon Georg Koustas , Georg Leonhard Breimair , Michael Karlheinz Amler

The rise in distributed and remote work arrangements has been substantial, with expectations of further expansion. Such a trend presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly with respect to digital collaboration. Available literature proposes that virtual interactions result in limited knowledge transfer and fewer creative ideas compared to physical spaces, due to the lack of shared physical space and limitations in facilitating nonverbal communication. To address these challenges, this paper takes a design-science research approach and presents a real-time communication and collaboration tool, that supports distributed teams in collaborating online. The tool incorporates playful features within a low-poly design that allow for the creation of 3D objects in a shared, virtual environment and enables interactions between users, ultimately fostering engagement and improving spatial knowledge representations. Combining 3D avatars with real-time audio, video, and text communication enhances the efficient transfer of knowledge and fosters interpersonal relationships. The artifact undergoes two iterations of evaluation, using user tests in combination with surveys, to ensure research rigor. Early findings demonstrate a considerable level of user engagement with the tool, which leads to enhanced communication and collaboration among users. Furthermore, it facilitates quick visualization of ideas and enhanced sharing of knowledge during user tests.

分布式和远程工作安排大幅增加，并有望进一步扩大。这种趋势既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战，尤其是在数字协作方面。现有文献表明，与物理空间相比，由于缺乏共享的物理空间，以及在促进非语言交流方面的局限性，虚拟互动会导致有限的知识转移和更少的创意。为了应对这些挑战，本文采用了一种设计科学研究方法，提出了一种实时交流与协作工具，支持分布式团队进行在线协作。该工具在低聚设计中融入了游戏功能，允许在共享的虚拟环境中创建三维物体，并实现用户之间的互动，最终促进参与并改进空间知识表征。三维化身与实时音频、视频和文本交流相结合，提高了知识传递的效率，促进了人际关系。为了确保研究的严谨性，该工具经过了两次迭代评估，采用了用户测试和调查相结合的方法。早期的研究结果表明，用户对该工具的参与程度相当高，从而加强了用户之间的交流与合作。此外，在用户测试过程中，该工具还有助于将想法快速可视化，并加强知识共享。

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引用次数: 0

Cyber-Physical Optimization of Production Processes Using Cascade AIs: A Robot-Guided MAG Welding Use-Case 使用级联人工智能对生产流程进行网络物理优化：机器人引导的 MAG 焊接应用案例

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.342

Peter Burggräf , Fabian Steinberg , Philipp Nettesheim , Gerald Kolter

In last year's article, we proposed a cyber-physical optimization of a robot-guided gas metal arc welding process using two artificial intelligences. These are set up in a cascade to control the welding parameter. This means the first AI performs a rough adjustment of the parameter, while the fine-tuning is done by the second AI. In this paper, we present the results when using this setup. The predicted welding parameter are close to the ideal parameter found experimentally. These findings are already seen with relatively low training data.

在去年的文章中，我们提出了利用两个人工智能对机器人引导的金属气弧焊接过程进行网络物理优化。这两个人工智能以级联方式控制焊接参数。这意味着第一个人工智能对参数进行粗略调整，而微调则由第二个人工智能完成。在本文中，我们介绍了使用这种设置的结果。预测的焊接参数接近实验中发现的理想参数。在训练数据相对较少的情况下，这些结果已经显现出来。

引用次数: 0

Design decisions for integrating Prescriptive Analytics Use Cases into Smart Factories 将规范性分析用例集成到智能工厂的设计决策

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.03.022

Julian Weller , Nico Migenda , Sebastian von Enzberg , Martin Kohlhase , Wolfram Schenck , Roman Dumitrescu

The emerging trend of Prescriptive Analytics tries to prescribe actionable decisions. The goal is to help production experts in automating their decisions in the factory. Decision making processes in factories mostly rely on experts inside the company. Current trends such as demographic shifts and shortages of skilled personnel are challenging organizations to find ways to become less dependent on the ad hoc availability of expert knowledge through digitalization and data analytics. Existing data analytics approaches for smart factories usually focus on description, diagnosis, and prediction. An approach to differentiate between different application areas of Prescriptive Analytics in a smart factory is presented. Focus areas for a useful application and integration of Prescriptive Analytics are derived. Based on these applications, design principles are constructed. They help decision makers to select future lighthouse use cases for development and help smart factory advocates to strategically decide which prescriptive analytics approaches to highlight. The resulting design principles are based on a literature review and validated in a workshop with experts from research. Approaches are differentiated and key characteristics for future Use Case design decisions are derived.

预测分析（Prescriptive Analytics）是一种新兴趋势，它试图提出可操作的决策。其目标是帮助生产专家实现工厂决策自动化。工厂的决策过程大多依赖于公司内部的专家。当前的趋势，如人口结构的变化和技术人才的短缺，都在挑战企业如何通过数字化和数据分析来减少对专家知识的依赖。现有的智能工厂数据分析方法通常侧重于描述、诊断和预测。本文介绍了一种区分智能工厂中 "描述性分析 "不同应用领域的方法。得出了有效应用和整合 "描述性分析 "的重点领域。基于这些应用，构建了设计原则。这些原则可帮助决策者选择未来开发的灯塔用例，并帮助智能工厂的倡导者从战略角度决定重点采用哪些规范性分析方法。由此产生的设计原则以文献综述为基础，并在与研究专家的研讨会上得到验证。对各种方法进行了区分，并得出了未来用例设计决策的关键特征。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering workshop education and supervision: AR for machine operation guidance and safety instructions 工程车间教育和监督：机器操作指导和安全说明 AR

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.03.023

R.G.J. Damgrave, S.L. Knollema, E. Lutters

This research explores the implementation of Augmented Reality (AR) in the mechanical workshop of an engineering education program. The objective is to provide engineering students with an immersive and interactive learning experience, improving their understanding of machine operation while emphasizing safety protocols. This research introduces an AR approach designed to overcome challenges when comprehending the intricate workings of machines and adhering to safety guidelines. By overlaying digital information onto the physical workspace, AR assists students in visualizing machine components, operational procedures, and safety measures, promoting a more effective learning process. In the AR experience, we incorporate sensor data from the workshop environment. This integration enables real-time monitoring of machine performance, environmental conditions, and student activities. Furthermore, the study investigates the potential of AR for workshop supervision. Workshop operators can monitor students’ activities in real-time, ensuring compliance with safety protocols and providing personalised assistance when needed.

本研究探讨了在工程教育课程的机械车间实施增强现实技术（AR）的情况。目的是为工程专业学生提供身临其境的互动学习体验，提高他们对机器操作的理解，同时强调安全协议。本研究介绍了一种 AR 方法，旨在克服在理解机器复杂工作原理和遵守安全准则时遇到的挑战。通过将数字信息叠加到物理工作区，AR 可以帮助学生直观地了解机器组件、操作程序和安全措施，从而促进更有效的学习过程。在 AR 体验中，我们整合了车间环境的传感器数据。通过这种集成，可以对机器性能、环境条件和学生活动进行实时监控。此外，本研究还探讨了 AR 在车间监督方面的潜力。车间操作员可以实时监控学生的活动，确保学生遵守安全协议，并在需要时提供个性化帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Development of Standardization Concepts for Packaging Machines 开发包装机标准化概念

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.03.028

Carsten Stechert , Eva-Marie Hübner

Packaging machines are designed to meet specific customer requirements and are usually produced on a one-off basis. To cater to consumer demands, packaging machines have become more and more complex. This extends the time taken for development and amplifies expenses. Therefore, novel approaches for standardization have to be explored beyond the established applications of mass production.

To achieve this, an interdisciplinary value stream analysis is carried out within the relevant departments of a packaging machine company to identify specific constraints and requirements. These requirements are structured and documented to provide a foundation for targeted development of standardization concepts. Additionally, new possibilities are created to evaluate the effectiveness of standardization measures in the future and to establish a continual improvement process.

The aim of this project is to establish a comprehensive strategy for standardization, enhanced communication, and data management that will be applied at all operational levels of the company. New communication methods, along with participatory and reflective methods, are expected to enhance acceptance by the employees and optimize business processes.

包装机是为满足客户的特定要求而设计的，通常是一次性生产。为了满足消费者的需求，包装机变得越来越复杂。这就延长了研发时间，增加了开支。为此，包装机械公司的相关部门要进行跨学科的价值流分析，以确定具体的制约因素和要求。对这些要求进行整理和记录，为有针对性地开发标准化概念奠定基础。此外，还为评估未来标准化措施的有效性和建立持续改进流程创造了新的可能性。该项目的目的是建立一个标准化、加强沟通和数据管理的综合战略，该战略将应用于公司的所有运营层面。新的沟通方法以及参与和反思方法有望提高员工的接受程度并优化业务流程。

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引用次数: 0

Circular and sustainable battery design – The case of digital product passports as information providers during the design phase 循环和可持续电池设计--数字产品护照作为设计阶段信息提供者的案例

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.03.031

Martin Popowicz , Antonia Pohlmann , Josef-Peter Schöggl , Rupert J. Baumgartner

The need to counteract environmental pollution and climate change has led to companies focusing on becoming more sustainable. Inter alia, product design is a huge lever for the achievement of improved environmental performance, given that about 80% of products’ environmental impacts are determined during the design phase. Hence, it is crucial to incorporate sustainability and circularity considerations into the design process. However, designers often lack the required information to make more sustainable choices during the design phase. Therefore, we aim to identify information from different life cycle phases, which designers would consider supportive in making more sustainable choices and that could be delivered by digital product passports (DPPs). Given the upcoming battery regulation that requires the introduction of DPPs, the use case of battery design was chosen, and ten semi-structured interviews were carried out with battery designers and engineers. The results show the different information from the distinct life cycle phases, which designers consider as helpful in supporting them in designing more sustainable and circular batteries. This contribution adds to the literature on design for sustainability by exploring the potential of DPPs as means of information providers during the design phase of products.

由于需要应对环境污染和气候变化，各公司都把重点放在提高可持续发展能力上。其中，产品设计是提高环境绩效的一个巨大杠杆，因为约 80% 的产品对环境的影响是在设计阶段确定的。因此，将可持续性和循环性因素纳入设计过程至关重要。然而，设计师往往缺乏必要的信息，无法在设计阶段做出更具可持续性的选择。因此，我们的目标是从不同的生命周期阶段中找出设计者认为有助于做出更具可持续性选择的信息，这些信息可以通过数字产品护照（DPPs）提供。鉴于即将出台的电池法规要求引入数字产品护照，我们选择了电池设计这一使用案例，并对电池设计师和工程师进行了十次半结构式访谈。结果显示了不同生命周期阶段的不同信息，设计师认为这些信息有助于支持他们设计出更具可持续性和循环性的电池。这项研究通过探索 DPP 作为产品设计阶段信息提供者的手段的潜力，为有关可持续设计的文献增添了新的内容。

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引用次数: 0

A Bayesian Approach For The Consideration Of Measurement Errors 考虑测量误差的贝叶斯方法

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.031

M. Gille , P. Beaurepaire , A. Dumas , T. Yalamas , N. Gayton

Metrology is a key tool for tolerancing as it is used to determine whether dimensions are within their tolerance intervals. However, measurement errors cannot be avoided and need being accounted for. The probabilistic approach is applied to both the dimensions and their measurement errors; they are modelled as random variables and characterized by their probability density function. The probability density function of the measurement error is assumed to be known; this work is included in a research project in collaboration with a metrology company, where the engineers are able to provide us with this information. This paper describes a strategy to account for such measurement errors and (partially) correct or mitigate their effects. Through Bayesian inference, the likelihood of true values given measured values is estimated, allowing for a probabilistic correction. The proposed method is applied to numerical examples with simulated data and its relevance is discussed.

计量是公差的关键工具，因为它用于确定尺寸是否在公差范围内。然而，测量误差是无法避免的，需要加以考虑。概率方法适用于尺寸及其测量误差；它们被模拟为随机变量，并以其概率密度函数为特征。测量误差的概率密度函数假定是已知的；这项工作包含在与一家计量公司合作的研究项目中，该公司的工程师可以向我们提供这方面的信息。本文介绍了一种考虑此类测量误差并（部分）纠正或减轻其影响的策略。通过贝叶斯推理，可以估算出测量值的真实值的可能性，从而进行概率修正。所提出的方法应用于模拟数据的数值示例，并讨论了其相关性。

引用次数: 0

Active Learning Processes for Smart Inspection, Verification Operations and Modelling of Surfaces with Geometrical Deviations 用于有几何偏差表面的智能检测、验证操作和建模的主动学习过程

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.034

T. MORO

The ISO 17450-2:2012 defines the verification operation. The ISO 17450-1:2011 defines the extracted features and the extraction operations on the “non-ideal surface model or on the real surface of the workpiece”. The ISO 12781-2:2011 and 12180-2:2011 provide dedicated extraction strategies for the flatness and cylindricity. But no real measurement process is explicit here. However, one of the key factors in an inspection plan is the choice of the measurement strategy. Some sampling strategies, such as Hammersley sequence, offer robust and efficient technics to ensure good distribution of measurement points. But measurements are always defined with a “blind sampling strategy”. So, in this paper, the author proposed to use adaptative sampling strategies, based on the Active learning method based on Kriging for the Inspection of Large Surfaces (AK-ILS) and developed an original Active Learning method based on Multi-Layer-Perceptron (AL-MLP), to classify the conform / non-conform parts and to ensure the reconstruction of the surfaces, with smart Skin Models Shapes and a minimal sampling size.

ISO 17450-2:2012 规定了验证操作。ISO 17450-1:2011 规定了 "非理想表面模型或工件真实表面 "的提取特征和提取操作。ISO 12781-2:2011 和 12180-2:2011 为平面度和圆柱度提供了专门的提取策略。但这里没有明确说明实际测量过程。不过，检测计划的关键因素之一是测量策略的选择。一些采样策略，如哈默斯利序列，提供了强大而高效的技术，以确保测量点的良好分布。但是，测量总是以 "盲目采样策略 "来定义的。因此，在本文中，作者建议使用基于克里金法的大表面检测主动学习方法（AK-ILS）的适应性取样策略，并开发了一种基于多层感知器（AL-MLP）的原始主动学习方法，以对符合/不符合部件进行分类，并确保通过智能皮肤模型形状和最小取样尺寸重建表面。

引用次数: 0

Quality control in manufacturing through temperature profile analysis of metal bars: A steel parts use case 通过金属棒的温度曲线分析进行生产质量控制：钢铁部件使用案例

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.036

Paolo Catti , Michalis Ntoulmperis , Vittoria Medici , Milena Martarelli , Nicola Paone , Wilhelm van de Kamp , Nikolaos Nikolakis , Kosmas Alexopoulos

Non-uniform heating during metal bar hot forming may impact its straightness. In this study, an infrared non-destructive inspection system is proposed to acquire steel temperature profiles in runtime which should correlate to straightness deviations. Additionally, a machine learning algorithm detects outliers to identify oxides on the metal, which in turn is correlated to process parameters. This allows for proactive temperature adjustment to mitigate the risk based on historical profiles. The proposed approach has been tested in a use case coming from the steel industry.

金属棒热成型过程中的不均匀加热可能会影响其直线度。本研究提出了一种红外无损检测系统，用于在运行时获取钢材温度曲线，该曲线应与直线度偏差相关联。此外，机器学习算法可检测异常值，识别金属上的氧化物，进而与工艺参数相关联。这样就可以根据历史曲线主动调整温度，降低风险。所提出的方法已在钢铁行业的一个使用案例中进行了测试。

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Understanding the goals and needs for the use of eco-labels in the European railway sector 了解欧洲铁路部门使用生态标签的目标和需求

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.01.064

Célia Cannappah , Willem Haanstra , Jan Braaksma

With growing concerns around climate change, the railway sector is committed to improving the circularity and reducing the emissions of its products and services. In this exploratory case study, fourteen European railway partners, including suppliers, operators and infrastructure managers, are collectively working on energy and eco-labelling initiatives to continue these improvements and communicate their progress. Such labels can be used to collect and share the most relevant pieces of information related to energy efficiency, material use, and environmental impact, which are often fragmented in the supply chain.

The case study includes a literature review combined with interviews to better understand the current state of European railway eco-labels and validate if they are an appropriate tool for the sector. It reveals the need for new or updated eco-labels for the railway sector that better suit their developing goals and requirements. This research outlines a set of recommendations for the development of future European railway eco-labels.

Five categories of goals were identified in the relevant literature, (i) the evaluation of the environmental impact of a product, (ii) the behavior-change of customers and (iii) the supply chain, (iv) the push for positive change and (v) the potential marketability of a product.

随着人们对气候变化的日益关注，铁路部门致力于改善其产品和服务的循环性并减少排放。在这一探索性案例研究中，包括供应商、运营商和基础设施管理者在内的 14 家欧洲铁路合作伙伴正共同致力于能源和生态标签计划，以继续这些改进并宣传其进展。该案例研究包括文献综述和访谈，目的是更好地了解欧洲铁路生态标签的现状，并验证它们是否是该行业的合适工具。它揭示了铁路部门需要新的或更新的生态标签，以更好地适应其发展目标和要求。在相关文献中确定了五类目标：(i) 产品对环境影响的评估；(ii) 客户行为的改变；(iii) 供应链；(iv) 推动积极变化；(v) 产品的潜在市场能力。

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