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Comparing Surface Characteristics of Additively Manufactured and Cold Rolled NiTi Workpieces, Post - Processed Using Wire Electric Discharge Machining 采用线材电火花后处理的增材制造和冷轧NiTi工件的表面特性比较
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.282
Christopher O’Hara , Merve Nur Doğu , Meris Ikiz , Usman Aziz , Dermot Brabazon , David Tormey
This work investigated the resulting surface properties of additively manufactured (AM) NiTi samples compared to cold-rolled (CR) NiTi samples post-processed under a range of wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) settings. The research aimed to optimize surface topography and composition to enhance the surface properties and fatigue life of AM NiTi shape memory alloy components, focusing on minimizing the WEDM processing required for net-shape flat surfaces produced via AM. The intent is to reduce the overall material use and processing time for shape memory alloy AM components. In this study, the mean surface roughness (Ra) of the as-printed NiTi samples saw a 24% to 61% reduction, with the best Ra achieved being 4.23µm, down from 10.71µm. The WEDM processed AM sample surfaces had a 31% to 177% higher Ra than the CR equivalent samples. The material removal rate (MRR) aligned to within (at best) a 4% difference in the MRR between the AM sample and CR equivalent. Changes in the samples Vickers hardness (HV) presented a decrease of 1% to 29% on the CR samples and 3% to 38% on the AM samples, with the maximum decrease being 91.5HV and 136HV, respectively. These results highlight notable differences in machinability between CR and AM NiTi samples, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize WEDM processes for net-shape AM NiTi components.
本研究研究了增材制造(AM) NiTi样品与冷轧(CR) NiTi样品在一系列电火花加工(WEDM)设置下后处理的表面性能。该研究旨在优化表面形貌和成分,以提高增材制造NiTi形状记忆合金部件的表面性能和疲劳寿命,重点是最大限度地减少通过增材制造的净形状平面所需的线切割加工。目的是减少形状记忆合金增材制造部件的整体材料使用和加工时间。在本研究中,打印的NiTi样品的平均表面粗糙度(Ra)降低了24%至61%,达到的最佳Ra为4.23µm,低于10.71µm。电火花线切割加工的AM样品表面的Ra比CR等效样品高31% ~ 177%。材料去除率(MRR)在AM样品和CR等效样品之间的MRR差异(最多)在4%以内。CR和AM试样的维氏硬度(HV)分别下降1% ~ 29%和3% ~ 38%,最大降幅分别为91.5HV和136HV。这些结果突出了CR和AM NiTi样品在可加工性方面的显着差异,强调了进一步研究优化净形AM NiTi部件的线切割工艺的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Reverse Engineering Process Modeling for Cutting Insert Preparation in Laser Micro-Machining 激光微加工中刀具制备的逆向工程过程建模
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.261
Ján Milde , Maroš Dubnička , Marcel Kuruc , Marek Vozár , Augustín Görög
<div><div>In simulations and certain manufacturing processes (such as additive manufacturing, laser ablation), STL models in the form of raw data from the digitization process can be used as direct input. However, to produce a model with the highest possible accuracy and quality, reverse engineering is often necessary to eliminate errors or defects, ensuring a geometrically precise and optimal model, in the case, when initial CAD data are missing. Based on practical experience, where the cutting insert was scanned using the smallest measuring volumes MV 38 and MV 100, we can conclude that the measurement method using optical 3D scanning is suitable for measuring the cutting insert as well as its wear. During the reverse engineering process, it is frequently required to adjust the models, such as aligning the coordinate system or modifying (reducing) the triangular mesh to decrease the size of STL models, if necessary. The reverse engineering process itself offers a wide range of methods that can be applied (e.g., surface fitting methods such as external, middle, or internal fitting), which can significantly impact the accuracy of the final CAD model, required as input for simulations or the manufacturing processes themselves. This research paper focuses on analyzing the accuracy of a CAD model of a cutting insert with chip-braker based on various techniques used in the Reverse Geometric Modeling process. The exact type or name of the cutting insert will not be disclosed for commercial and business reasons and will be referred to throughout the article simply as the cutting insert. The experiment also examines the impact of triangular mesh reduction on the final accuracy of the CAD model within the reverse geometric modeling process. For this experiment, a turning cutting insert with a chip-breaker was selected, and its physical model was digitized using the optical 3D scanner GOM ATOS II Triple Scan with a measurement volume of MV 100. The results of this experiment highlight the effects of individual reverse geometric modeling methods (surface wrapping using external, middle, and internal fittings) as well as the influence of triangular mesh reduction on the final accuracy of the CAD model, specifically in the case of the cutting insert. The aim of this experiment is to determine how specific process parameters of reverse geometric modeling affect the accuracy of the cutting insert, particularly how precise parameters of the cutting insert (e.g., IC, L, RE, ESPR, AN, and others) change with variations in reverse geometric modeling parameters and triangular mesh reduction. These findings are highly relevant not only for simulations of the machining process in advanced CAE software but also for the manufacturing of models using advanced production technologies such as additive manufacturing or laser micro-machining. The results of this experiment highlight the suitability of using non-contact data acquisition methods, specifically optical 3D scann
在模拟和某些制造过程(如增材制造、激光烧蚀)中,数字化过程中原始数据形式的STL模型可以用作直接输入。然而,为了产生具有最高精度和质量的模型,逆向工程通常是必要的,以消除错误或缺陷,确保几何上精确和最优的模型,在初始CAD数据丢失的情况下。根据实际经验,使用最小测量体积MV 38和MV 100对切削齿进行扫描,我们可以得出结论,使用光学3D扫描的测量方法适用于测量切削齿及其磨损。在逆向工程过程中,经常需要对模型进行调整,如调整坐标系或修改(缩小)三角网格以减小STL模型的尺寸。逆向工程过程本身提供了广泛的可应用方法(例如,表面拟合方法,如外部,中间或内部拟合),这可以显著影响最终CAD模型的准确性,需要作为模拟或制造过程本身的输入。本文主要分析了基于各种逆向几何建模技术的切屑制动器切削齿CAD模型的精度。由于商业和商业原因,切割刀片的确切类型或名称将不会被披露,并将在整个文章中简单地称为切割刀片。实验还考察了在逆向几何建模过程中三角网格缩减对CAD模型最终精度的影响。本实验选择一种带断片的车削刀片,利用测量体积为MV 100的光学三维扫描仪GOM ATOS II Triple Scan对其物理模型进行数字化。本实验的结果突出了单个反向几何建模方法(使用外部、中间和内部配件进行表面包裹)的影响,以及三角网格缩减对CAD模型最终精度的影响,特别是在切削齿的情况下。本实验的目的是确定逆向几何建模的特定工艺参数如何影响切削齿的精度,特别是切削齿的精确参数(如IC、L、RE、ESPR、AN等)如何随着逆向几何建模参数和三角网格缩减的变化而变化。这些发现不仅与先进CAE软件中加工过程的模拟高度相关,而且与使用先进生产技术(如增材制造或激光微加工)制造模型高度相关。该实验的结果强调了使用非接触式数据采集方法的适用性,特别是光学3D扫描,用于测量切削齿的参数并将其形状数字化以进行反向建模。然而,对于切削刃圆角的数字化和测量,与接触法相比,该方法被证明是不准确的,因此不适合使用。
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引用次数: 0
Concept for Product Architecture Evolution Planning in the Context of Circular Economy 循环经济背景下产品架构演进规划的概念
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.009
Michael Riesener , Alexander Keuper , Timm Schulz-Isenbeck , Günther Schuh
The linear economic model of the manufacturing industry requires a fundamental shift towards a circular economy. The extension of product lifespans through value-adding upgrades serves to conserve resources and promote sustainability. However, the product architecture may constrain the potential for value enhancements through product upgrades. This necessitates the evaluation of whether novel features can still be integrated into the existing product architecture rather than a new product generation. A conceptual framework is employed to facilitate decisionmaking in the evolution planning of circular product architectures, which weighs the upgrade’s development and reassembly effort against its added-value and the architecture’s future viability.
制造业的线性经济模式需要向循环经济的根本转变。通过增值升级延长产品寿命有助于节约资源和促进可持续性。然而,产品体系结构可能会限制通过产品升级实现价值增强的潜力。这就需要评估新功能是否仍然可以集成到现有的产品架构中,而不是集成到新一代产品中。概念框架用于促进循环产品体系结构演进规划中的决策制定,该框架将升级的开发和重组工作与其附加价值和体系结构的未来可行性进行权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Robotic Process Automation and Employee Outcomes: A Quantitative Study of Role Changes, Work-Life Balance, and Job Opportunity 机器人过程自动化和员工成果:角色变化、工作与生活平衡和工作机会的定量研究
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.003
Pittawat Ueasangkomsate , Thanawan Boonsripornchai
This study investigates employees’ perceptions of the impact of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) on their roles, work-life balance, and job opportunities in a Thai state enterprise. The study employed a quantitative approach, collecting data from 171 employees who experienced RPA implementation using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Paired Samples t-test. The findings revealed significant differences in employees’ perceptions of role changes and work-life balance before and after RPA implementation. Employees reported increased assignment of challenging and skill-intensive tasks, as well as improved work-life balance, particularly in terms of reduced overtime work and better physical and mental health. However, no significant difference was found in employees’ perceptions of threatening job opportunities. The study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the impact of RPA on employees in a developing country context and offers practical recommendations for organizations to manage the workforce implications of automation. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of RPA on employee outcomes and explore the generalizability of the findings to other industries and cultural contexts.
本研究调查了泰国一家国有企业的员工对机器人过程自动化(RPA)对他们的角色、工作与生活平衡和工作机会的影响的看法。该研究采用了定量方法,使用结构化问卷收集了171名经历过RPA实施的员工的数据。数据分析采用描述性统计和配对样本t检验。研究发现,实施RPA前后,员工对角色变化和工作生活平衡的感知存在显著差异。雇员报告说,挑战性和技能密集型任务的分配增加了,工作与生活的平衡得到了改善,特别是在加班减少和身心健康改善方面。然而,在员工对威胁性工作机会的感知上,没有发现显著差异。该研究通过深入了解RPA对发展中国家员工的影响,为文献做出了贡献,并为组织管理自动化对劳动力的影响提供了实用建议。未来的研究应该调查RPA对员工结果的长期影响,并探索研究结果在其他行业和文化背景下的普遍性。
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引用次数: 0
Application of artificial intelligence in model-based systems engineering of automated production systems 人工智能在基于模型的自动化生产系统工程中的应用
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.013
Timo Schuchter , Patrick Saft , Ralf Stetter , Markus Pfeil , Wolfram Höpken , Markus Till , Stephan Rudolph
Despite the incontestable appeal, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in engineering processes is still limited to isolated applications and, in some fields, enthusiasm has given way to disillusionment. This paper aims to contribute to a concept of a framework that allows the application of AI in model-based systems engineering (MBSE) processes of automated production systems; the main focus is hereby on the MBSE processes. The aim of the complete framework is to realize an AI-based, self-learning digital twin that automatically adapts to the real system behavior and represents an optimal image of a product and its production process at all times. An expressive, semantic overall model serves as the basis for new approaches to artificial intelligence. In the complete framework, knowledge gained using AI methods is integrated into the overall model and thus brought into an overall context. Such an overall model improves the interpretability and explainability of the AI models and enables complex analyses, simulations and forecasts. The core element of the approach is a novel, AI-based, self-learning engineering model consisting of a product and production model that maps function, behavior and product geometry. Graph-based design languages are used for forming a central data model and functional mock-up units are applied for continuous co-simulation. The approach is underlined by means of an application to the design of automated assembly systems.
尽管具有无可争议的吸引力,人工智能(AI)在工程过程中的应用仍然局限于孤立的应用,在某些领域,热情已经让位于幻灭。本文旨在提出一个框架概念,该框架允许在自动化生产系统的基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)过程中应用人工智能;因此,主要关注的是MBSE流程。完整框架的目标是实现一个基于人工智能的、自我学习的数字孪生,它能自动适应真实的系统行为,并始终代表产品及其生产过程的最佳图像。表达性的、语义性的整体模型是人工智能新方法的基础。在完整的框架中,使用AI方法获得的知识被整合到整体模型中,从而将其带入整体环境。这种整体模型提高了人工智能模型的可解释性和可解释性,并使复杂的分析、模拟和预测成为可能。该方法的核心要素是一个新颖的、基于人工智能的、自我学习的工程模型,该模型由一个产品和生产模型组成,该模型映射了功能、行为和产品几何形状。采用基于图形的设计语言形成中心数据模型,采用功能实体单元进行连续协同仿真。通过在自动化装配系统设计中的应用,强调了这种方法。
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引用次数: 0
De-Production model combining R-Strategies and D-Strategies in product and production systems life cycles: Application to Remanufacturing 产品与生产系统生命周期中r策略与d策略相结合的去生产模型:在再制造中的应用
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.093
A.J. Baptista , R.F. Santos , A.L. Soares , S. Evans
The world faces unprecedented challenges related to the so-called Triple Planetary Crisis (climate changes, massive pollution, biodiversity losses). The Linear Economy model of development represents a very relevant cause for these crises effects, since it is anchored on the paradox of ever-growing natural resources extraction within a finite planet space and limited policy barriers for ecosystems degradation. Circular Economy emerges as a promising alternative development model, but it still urges for effective implementation. This work presents a novel De-Production model that combines, by design or redesign, the articulation of R-Strategies and D-Strategies across the product and production life cycles in order to unblock circular business models. It is proposed a systemic approach considering product circularity by means of activating R-Strategies, improving both production operations and de-production operations via value retention mindset. The model is tested via discrete simulation in a remanufacturing case study of a bicycle wheel assembly.
世界面临着与所谓的“三重地球危机”(气候变化、大规模污染、生物多样性丧失)有关的前所未有的挑战。线性经济发展模型代表了这些危机影响的一个非常相关的原因,因为它是基于在有限的地球空间内不断增长的自然资源开采和有限的生态系统退化政策障碍的悖论。循环经济作为一种有前景的替代发展模式出现,但仍亟待有效实施。这项工作提出了一种新颖的去生产模型,通过设计或重新设计,将r战略和d战略在产品和生产生命周期中的表达结合起来,以打开循环商业模式的障碍。本文提出了一种系统的方法,通过激活r策略来考虑产品循环,通过价值保留思维来改善生产操作和去生产操作。以某自行车轮毂总成再制造为例,通过离散仿真对模型进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Fostering Model Reuse in Model-based Systems Engineering using Knowledge Graphs 利用知识图促进基于模型的系统工程中的模型重用
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.051
Roman Stephan , Thomas Schumacher , David Inkermann
The increasing spread of MBSE is associated with the issue of reusing the knowledge contained in different system models in different development projects. Existing approaches for the reuse of system models or elements of these can be classified into framework-based, retrieval-based, and pattern-based. While framework- and pattern-based approaches require standardized modelling methods, retrieval-based approaches are based on merging of different system models. This is not supported by current MBSE-tools. In this contribution we investigate how knowledge graphs can be generated from various SysML system models and whether and how new knowledge, e.g., about cause-effect relationships or structural patterns, can be determined.
MBSE的日益普及与在不同的开发项目中重用不同系统模型中包含的知识的问题有关。用于重用系统模型或这些元素的现有方法可以分为基于框架的、基于检索的和基于模式的。基于框架和模式的方法需要标准化的建模方法,而基于检索的方法则基于不同系统模型的合并。当前的mbse工具不支持这一点。在这篇文章中,我们研究了如何从各种SysML系统模型中生成知识图,以及是否以及如何确定新的知识,例如,关于因果关系或结构模式的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing the Collaboration in Manufacturing Networks A Systematic Literature Review on Implementations of Asset Administration Shells and Data Spaces 推进制造网络协同——资产管理壳和数据空间实现的系统文献综述
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.094
Fabian Zink , Lorenz Fink , Bernhard Wallner , Friedrich Bleicher , Thomas Trautner
Collaboration in manufacturing networks is crucial to maximize the impact of digitalization and leveraging collected data. Addressing three key challenges overcoming data silos, achieving semantic interoperability and protecting intellectual property is essential. A promising solution is the combination of Asset Administration Shells and data space technologies. This systematic literature review investigates implementations of these two concepts in manufacturing, evaluating use cases based on their technological readiness levels and the technologies employed. The findings aim to guide researchers and practitioners and identify future research directions.
制造网络中的协作对于最大限度地发挥数字化的影响和利用收集到的数据至关重要。解决三个关键挑战——克服数据孤岛、实现语义互操作性和保护知识产权——至关重要。一个很有前途的解决方案是资产管理shell和数据空间技术的结合。这篇系统的文献综述调查了这两个概念在制造业中的实现,基于它们的技术准备水平和所采用的技术评估用例。研究结果旨在指导研究人员和实践者,确定未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Immersive Onboarding: Designing a Training Framework for Effective Virtual Reality Integration in Product Development 沉浸式入职:在产品开发中设计有效的虚拟现实集成培训框架
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.075
Ali Abughalia, Carsten Stechert
Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool in product development. To effectively integrate VR into the product development process, companies need skilled personnel, modifications to existing workflows, and robust digital infrastructure. These elements are crucial for preparing the enterprise for VR technology and enhancing its acceptance among team members. This paper provides guidelines for designing a structured and continuously updated training framework, informed by retrospective and incremental measurements, to develop employee skills and ensure the company is well-positioned to leverage VR effectively.
虚拟现实(VR)越来越被认为是产品开发中的一种有价值的工具。为了有效地将VR整合到产品开发过程中,公司需要熟练的人员、对现有工作流程的修改和强大的数字基础设施。这些因素对于企业为VR技术做好准备并提高其在团队成员中的接受度至关重要。本文提供了设计结构化和持续更新的培训框架的指导方针,通过回顾性和增量测量来发展员工技能,并确保公司能够有效地利用VR。
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引用次数: 0
Requirements for Modeling Frameworks in the Context of Assembly Work Instruction Development 装配作业指导书开发背景下建模框架的需求
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.082
Rieke Leder , Daniel Rippel , Nils Hoppe , Michael Freitag
This paper introduces requirements for a flexible modeling framework for creating digital work instructions (DWI) for industrial assembly processes. Designed to standardize DWI development, the framework organizes materials, tools, and hints into structured workflows, integrating diverse input data. Developed through a three-phase methodology data identification, framework creation, and validation its design is informed by a requirement analysis. A LEGO® use case demonstrates its application, highlighting its potential to improve efficiency, reduce errors, and support the integration of advanced technologies in manufacturing.
本文介绍了为工业装配过程创建数字工作指令(DWI)所需的灵活建模框架。该框架旨在标准化DWI开发,将材料、工具和提示组织到结构化工作流中,集成各种输入数据。通过数据识别、框架创建和验证的三阶段方法开发,其设计由需求分析提供信息。LEGO®用例展示了其应用,突出了其在提高效率、减少错误和支持先进技术集成制造方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Procedia CIRP
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