SUMMARYThe siphonous, yellow–green alga Vaucheria piloboloides (Vaucheriales, Xanthophyceae) is the type species of the section Piloboloideae and is widely reported worldwide. Despite its taxonomic importance and broad range distribution, its detailed life cycle and molecular phylogenetic position are unknown. In the present study, we established culture strains of V. piloboloides collected from Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and examined its morphology, life cycle and phylogenetic position based on rbcL sequences. The morphology of the gametangia and aplanosporangia (asexual sporangia) of our samples, along with their monoecious nature, resembled that of V. piloboloides from the Atlantic coast, including the type locality. The rbcL phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that our sample formed a clade with other Piloboloideae species, supporting the current sectional scheme of Vaucheria. Under culture conditions, our samples exhibited a monophasic life cycle. Development of gametangia was observed in any culture conditions, whereas development of aplanosporangia could be induced by low salinity (salinity = 24).
{"title":"Life cycle and molecular phylogeny of Vaucheria piloboloides (Vaucheriales, Xanthophyceae) from Sado Island, Japan","authors":"Masakazu Hoshino, Satoru Tadokoro, Shingo Akita, Shinya Uwai","doi":"10.1111/pre.12566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12566","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe siphonous, yellow–green alga <jats:italic>Vaucheria piloboloides</jats:italic> (Vaucheriales, Xanthophyceae) is the type species of the section <jats:italic>Piloboloideae</jats:italic> and is widely reported worldwide. Despite its taxonomic importance and broad range distribution, its detailed life cycle and molecular phylogenetic position are unknown. In the present study, we established culture strains of <jats:italic>V. piloboloides</jats:italic> collected from Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and examined its morphology, life cycle and phylogenetic position based on <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L sequences. The morphology of the gametangia and aplanosporangia (asexual sporangia) of our samples, along with their monoecious nature, resembled that of <jats:italic>V. piloboloides</jats:italic> from the Atlantic coast, including the type locality. The <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that our sample formed a clade with other <jats:italic>Piloboloideae</jats:italic> species, supporting the current sectional scheme of <jats:italic>Vaucheria</jats:italic>. Under culture conditions, our samples exhibited a monophasic life cycle. Development of gametangia was observed in any culture conditions, whereas development of aplanosporangia could be induced by low salinity (salinity = 24).","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Lucía Conesa, Fernando Gaspar Dellatorre, Ezequiel Latour, Nora Marta Andrea Ponce, Carlos A. Stortz, Luis Alberto Scolaro, Vera Alejandra Álvarez, Verónica Leticia Lassalle, Victoria Belen Ayala‐Peña
SUMMARYFucose‐rich sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidans are primarily found in brown algae. These compounds possess interesting pharmacological perspectives for antiviral and antioxidant drug development. The brown alga Myriogloea major (Chordariaceae, Ectocarpales) is an endemic brown alga from Argentine Patagonia similar to other members of the Chordariaceae family used as a commercial source of fucoidans. In the present study, M. major was extracted with diluted hydrochloric acid (pH 2) solution in a protocol usually utilized for obtaining fucoidans. The dry weight from two extracts at different extraction stages (E1 and E2) represented 42% of the extracted dried biomass. Chemical analysis showed that the extracts contained between 15% (E2) and 20% (E1) of sulfate esters and approximately 80% of fucose constituents on their polysaccharides. The total phenolic content was lower than 1% (gallic acid equivalents). We analyzed the antioxidant activity of these extracts against the anti‐herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1, HSV‐2 and bovine coronavirus. The antioxidant activity was lower than 50% at a concentration of 1 mg mL−1 in both extracts. Our findings demonstrate that, in the presence of these extracts, the viral adsorption and internalization were reduced by up to 75%. By applying its antiviral action to block the viral infection, the progeny virus released from host cells was significantly restricted, without affecting cell‐to‐cell spread of virus or virus viability.
{"title":"Antiviral potential of extracts from Myriogloea major against herpes simplex type 1, 2 and bovine coronavirus","authors":"Ana Lucía Conesa, Fernando Gaspar Dellatorre, Ezequiel Latour, Nora Marta Andrea Ponce, Carlos A. Stortz, Luis Alberto Scolaro, Vera Alejandra Álvarez, Verónica Leticia Lassalle, Victoria Belen Ayala‐Peña","doi":"10.1111/pre.12564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12564","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYFucose‐rich sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidans are primarily found in brown algae. These compounds possess interesting pharmacological perspectives for antiviral and antioxidant drug development. The brown alga <jats:italic>Myriogloea major</jats:italic> (Chordariaceae, Ectocarpales) is an endemic brown alga from Argentine Patagonia similar to other members of the Chordariaceae family used as a commercial source of fucoidans. In the present study, <jats:italic>M. major</jats:italic> was extracted with diluted hydrochloric acid (pH 2) solution in a protocol usually utilized for obtaining fucoidans. The dry weight from two extracts at different extraction stages (E1 and E2) represented 42% of the extracted dried biomass. Chemical analysis showed that the extracts contained between 15% (E2) and 20% (E1) of sulfate esters and approximately 80% of fucose constituents on their polysaccharides. The total phenolic content was lower than 1% (gallic acid equivalents). We analyzed the antioxidant activity of these extracts against the anti‐herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1, HSV‐2 and bovine coronavirus. The antioxidant activity was lower than 50% at a concentration of 1 mg mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in both extracts. Our findings demonstrate that, in the presence of these extracts, the viral adsorption and internalization were reduced by up to 75%. By applying its antiviral action to block the viral infection, the progeny virus released from host cells was significantly restricted, without affecting cell‐to‐cell spread of virus or virus viability.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to ‘Sterols of the aberrant plastid, Kareniacean dinoflagellate Asterodinium gracile: Chemotaxonomic overlap with amphisterol‐producing Amphidinium carterae’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryIt is generally accepted that kelp populations have a metapopulation structure. Most zoospores settle near to their parent individual, and infrequent but long‐distance dispersal of zoospores contributes to gene flow between local populations. Population genetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by MIG‐seq (i.e. multiplexed inter‐simple sequence repeats genotyping by sequencing) was performed on the dominant kelp, Eisenia bicyclis, in two areas: Kitsunezaki (a sheltered area) and Shimoda (an exposed site). Regional scale analysis of genetic structure was conducted at six sites in Kitsunezaki and three sites in Shimoda. When viewed on a regional scale based on the inbreeding coefficient within the local population, the inbreeding ratio was higher in Shimoda than in Kitsunezaki, probably as a result of the limited vertical zonal distribution in the exposed environment. Vertically wide distribution in the sheltered environment apparently enabled frequent crossing among individuals in Kitsunezaki. By contrast, when viewed on a local scale based on the pairwise kinship coefficient (FST) between populations, gene flow among local populations in Shimoda occurred over a wide area, but was limited in Kitsunezaki. In Shimoda, genetic exchange between local populations, even if inbreeding is locally active, is likely to support metapopulation maintenance and rapid recovery of local populations. In Kitsunezaki, however, genetic exchange among local populations is limited within few 100 m, and the metapopulation structure will decline in the long term because of inbreeding depression. Local dispersal distance of zoospores was investigated based on parent–offspring analysis in the Kitsunezaki population, which revealed that zoospores mainly settled within 5 m of their parent. However, some zoospores traveled over 27 m within the 4 × 30 m study area. The present study shows the importance of examination at different spatial scales when investigating zoospore dispersal of laminarialean kelps.
{"title":"Local versus regional patterns in zoospore dispersal of the kelp Eisenia bicyclis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)","authors":"Haruka Suzuki, Tomoya Aoki, Chika Mitsuyuki, Yoshihisa Suyama, Yukio Agatsuma, Masakazu N. Aoki","doi":"10.1111/pre.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12563","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryIt is generally accepted that kelp populations have a metapopulation structure. Most zoospores settle near to their parent individual, and infrequent but long‐distance dispersal of zoospores contributes to gene flow between local populations. Population genetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by MIG‐seq (i.e. multiplexed inter‐simple sequence repeats genotyping by sequencing) was performed on the dominant kelp, <jats:italic>Eisenia bicyclis</jats:italic>, in two areas: Kitsunezaki (a sheltered area) and Shimoda (an exposed site). Regional scale analysis of genetic structure was conducted at six sites in Kitsunezaki and three sites in Shimoda. When viewed on a regional scale based on the inbreeding coefficient within the local population, the inbreeding ratio was higher in Shimoda than in Kitsunezaki, probably as a result of the limited vertical zonal distribution in the exposed environment. Vertically wide distribution in the sheltered environment apparently enabled frequent crossing among individuals in Kitsunezaki. By contrast, when viewed on a local scale based on the pairwise kinship coefficient (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>ST</jats:sub>) between populations, gene flow among local populations in Shimoda occurred over a wide area, but was limited in Kitsunezaki. In Shimoda, genetic exchange between local populations, even if inbreeding is locally active, is likely to support metapopulation maintenance and rapid recovery of local populations. In Kitsunezaki, however, genetic exchange among local populations is limited within few 100 m, and the metapopulation structure will decline in the long term because of inbreeding depression. Local dispersal distance of zoospores was investigated based on parent–offspring analysis in the Kitsunezaki population, which revealed that zoospores mainly settled within 5 m of their parent. However, some zoospores traveled over 27 m within the 4 × 30 m study area. The present study shows the importance of examination at different spatial scales when investigating zoospore dispersal of laminarialean kelps.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141941728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novelties in nomenclature and typification appearing in Phycological Research 72 (3).","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “A description of Aliichlorella ignota gen. et sp. nov. and a comparison of the efficiency of species delimitation methods in the Chlorella‐clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diatom genus Druehlago was established to differentiate the type species from Craspedostauros and Achnanthes, on the basis of unique heteropolar, cuneate frustules and numerous lenticular plastids. The phylogenetic placement of Druehlago has, until now, relied solely on morphological evidence, suggesting a close relationship with the genus Craspedostauros. In the present study, we discovered a population of Druehlago cf. cuneata along the coast of Japan and established a cultured strain. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL, psbC and 18S rRNA genes was conducted to explore the phylogenetic position and classification of Druehlago. Our results revealed that D. cf. cuneata belongs to the Craspedostauros clade, but with weak statistical support, which is, in turn, sister to Achnanthes. Given the lack of support for various nodes within the Craspedostauros clade, constrained trees were constructed based on several hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic position of Druehlago. The hypothesis inferring monophyly of Druehlago and Achnanthes was statistically rejected, which highlights the close relationship between Druehlago and Craspedostauros. However, our topology tests provided no further resolution regarding the phylogenetic position of Druehlago within or outside Craspedostauros. Furthermore, the treatment of the specimens is discussed through a morphological comparison with the type of material.
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny of the marine diatom genus Druehlago (Bacillariophyceae) from Japan","authors":"Kazuki Sugawara, Mitsunobu Kamiya, Keigo Osada, Hidekazu Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/pre.12558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12558","url":null,"abstract":"The diatom genus Druehlago was established to differentiate the type species from Craspedostauros and Achnanthes, on the basis of unique heteropolar, cuneate frustules and numerous lenticular plastids. The phylogenetic placement of Druehlago has, until now, relied solely on morphological evidence, suggesting a close relationship with the genus Craspedostauros. In the present study, we discovered a population of Druehlago cf. cuneata along the coast of Japan and established a cultured strain. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL, psbC and 18S rRNA genes was conducted to explore the phylogenetic position and classification of Druehlago. Our results revealed that D. cf. cuneata belongs to the Craspedostauros clade, but with weak statistical support, which is, in turn, sister to Achnanthes. Given the lack of support for various nodes within the Craspedostauros clade, constrained trees were constructed based on several hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic position of Druehlago. The hypothesis inferring monophyly of Druehlago and Achnanthes was statistically rejected, which highlights the close relationship between Druehlago and Craspedostauros. However, our topology tests provided no further resolution regarding the phylogenetic position of Druehlago within or outside Craspedostauros. Furthermore, the treatment of the specimens is discussed through a morphological comparison with the type of material.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oocystaenium elegans Gonzalves & Mehra (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) was collected from a paddy field in Japan. Its life history was reexamined based on detailed observations of cultured material, and an emended description is given. This species is a large spindle‐shaped green alga that grows in puddles and paddy fields and has been reported in India, Nepal and Cuba. Reproduction occurs asexually via autospore formation and sexually via oogamy. Although this oogamy is considered to involve fertilization by globular egg cells and antherozoids, the results of the present study revealed that the egg cells (female cells) remained spindle‐shaped and became globular zygotes after fertilization. The place on the egg cells where the antherozoid attached swelled to become a receptive papilla, after which the antherozoid invaded. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that O. elegans is included in the family Oocystaceae.
{"title":"Detailed observations of the life history and phylogenetic placements of the freshwater green alga Oocystaenium elegans (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae), with an emended description","authors":"Aya Mizobuchi, Shinji Handa, Hiromi Tsubota","doi":"10.1111/pre.12559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12559","url":null,"abstract":"Oocystaenium elegans Gonzalves & Mehra (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) was collected from a paddy field in Japan. Its life history was reexamined based on detailed observations of cultured material, and an emended description is given. This species is a large spindle‐shaped green alga that grows in puddles and paddy fields and has been reported in India, Nepal and Cuba. Reproduction occurs asexually via autospore formation and sexually via oogamy. Although this oogamy is considered to involve fertilization by globular egg cells and antherozoids, the results of the present study revealed that the egg cells (female cells) remained spindle‐shaped and became globular zygotes after fertilization. The place on the egg cells where the antherozoid attached swelled to become a receptive papilla, after which the antherozoid invaded. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that O. elegans is included in the family Oocystaceae.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Curren, Victor S. Kuwahara, Teruaki Yoshida, Sandric Chee Yew Leong
SUMMARYCyanobacteria are ancient organisms that contribute significantly to primary production in aquatic ecosystems. Although they are a group of microbes present in a wide range of environments, their diversity on anthropogenic substrates, namely microplastics, is still largely unknown. In the present study, we describe a new genus and species of cyanobacteria from the Nodosilineaceae family. Strains were isolated from foam microplastic particles obtained from beach sediments facing the Singapore Strait. This species is morphologically similar to the polyphyletic, cosmopolitan Leptolyngbya spp.; however, it forms an independent clade with 16S rRNA phylogeny and has a unique 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer secondary structure. To date, no cyanobacteria have been isolated and cultured from the surfaces of microplastic particles. Using a polyphasic approach combining morphological, phylogenetic and ecological traits, we describe a new genus and species Sphaerothrix gracilis. The presence of certain cyanobacteria rafting on microplastic surfaces can potentially indicate a long‐distance transport into new ecosystems with implications on toxicity and biodiversity.
{"title":"Sphaerothrix gracilis gen. et sp. nov. (Nodosilineales, Cyanobacteria): a novel filamentous cyanobacterium isolated from tropical coastal microplastics","authors":"Emily Curren, Victor S. Kuwahara, Teruaki Yoshida, Sandric Chee Yew Leong","doi":"10.1111/pre.12553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12553","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYCyanobacteria are ancient organisms that contribute significantly to primary production in aquatic ecosystems. Although they are a group of microbes present in a wide range of environments, their diversity on anthropogenic substrates, namely microplastics, is still largely unknown. In the present study, we describe a new genus and species of cyanobacteria from the Nodosilineaceae family. Strains were isolated from foam microplastic particles obtained from beach sediments facing the Singapore Strait. This species is morphologically similar to the polyphyletic, cosmopolitan <jats:italic>Leptolyngbya</jats:italic> spp.; however, it forms an independent clade with 16S rRNA phylogeny and has a unique 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer secondary structure. To date, no cyanobacteria have been isolated and cultured from the surfaces of microplastic particles. Using a polyphasic approach combining morphological, phylogenetic and ecological traits, we describe a new genus and species <jats:italic>Sphaerothrix gracilis.</jats:italic> The presence of certain cyanobacteria rafting on microplastic surfaces can potentially indicate a long‐distance transport into new ecosystems with implications on toxicity and biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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