U. Tillmann, Stephan Wietkamp, M. Gottschling, M. Hoppenrath
Prorocentrum comprises a unique group of dinophytes with several apomorphic traits, such as an apical insertion of flagella and the presence of two major, large thecal plates. Species delimitation is challenging, especially for morphologically very similar, small planktonic species. Contemporary analyses, including SEM studies and molecular phylogenetics of type material, are not available for many described species. Based on six strains isolated from Antarctic, subarctic and North Atlantic waters, Prorocentrum pervagatum sp. nov. is described. Prorocentrum pervagatum was small (12–16 μm long and deep), oval to round in outline, and moderately compressed. One small, pyrenoid‐like structure was faintly visible in some cells. Rod‐like, long trichocysts were present. Cells had one distinct apical spine (1.1–1.7 μm in length) visible in light microscopy. The plate surface appeared smooth in light microscopy with few pores located close to the plate margin visible in empty thecae. Electron microscopy revealed plates to be densely covered by small projections and two size classes of thecal pores. Cells had a row of mostly four large pores in apical‐ventral position on the right thecal plate. The periflagellar area consisted of eight small platelets. The apical spine was formed by platelet six. In molecular phylogenetics, P. pervagatum was part of a species group generally exhibiting small size and spiny thecal ornamentation, together with Prorocentrum cordatum and Prorocentrum obtusidens. The new species is distinct in DNA trees and differs from the protologues of other small species of Prorocentrum by the unique combination of size, shape (i.e. only moderately compressed or round), presence of a distinct apical spine, and position of thecal pores (i.e. located at the plate margins only). Its clear description and illustration may stimulate similar work of other small species of Prorocentrum, particularly including the re‐investigation of taxa with historical names collected at the corresponding type localities.
{"title":"Prorocentrum pervagatum sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae): A new, small, planktonic species with a global distribution","authors":"U. Tillmann, Stephan Wietkamp, M. Gottschling, M. Hoppenrath","doi":"10.1111/pre.12502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12502","url":null,"abstract":"Prorocentrum comprises a unique group of dinophytes with several apomorphic traits, such as an apical insertion of flagella and the presence of two major, large thecal plates. Species delimitation is challenging, especially for morphologically very similar, small planktonic species. Contemporary analyses, including SEM studies and molecular phylogenetics of type material, are not available for many described species. Based on six strains isolated from Antarctic, subarctic and North Atlantic waters, Prorocentrum pervagatum sp. nov. is described. Prorocentrum pervagatum was small (12–16 μm long and deep), oval to round in outline, and moderately compressed. One small, pyrenoid‐like structure was faintly visible in some cells. Rod‐like, long trichocysts were present. Cells had one distinct apical spine (1.1–1.7 μm in length) visible in light microscopy. The plate surface appeared smooth in light microscopy with few pores located close to the plate margin visible in empty thecae. Electron microscopy revealed plates to be densely covered by small projections and two size classes of thecal pores. Cells had a row of mostly four large pores in apical‐ventral position on the right thecal plate. The periflagellar area consisted of eight small platelets. The apical spine was formed by platelet six. In molecular phylogenetics, P. pervagatum was part of a species group generally exhibiting small size and spiny thecal ornamentation, together with Prorocentrum cordatum and Prorocentrum obtusidens. The new species is distinct in DNA trees and differs from the protologues of other small species of Prorocentrum by the unique combination of size, shape (i.e. only moderately compressed or round), presence of a distinct apical spine, and position of thecal pores (i.e. located at the plate margins only). Its clear description and illustration may stimulate similar work of other small species of Prorocentrum, particularly including the re‐investigation of taxa with historical names collected at the corresponding type localities.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46937867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novelties in nomenclature and typification appearing in Phycological Research 70 (4)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47359974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subaerophytic species Edaphophycus epilithus gen. et sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) in the Republic of Korea, including newly described species. Light microscopic image of Edaphophycus epilithus, the natural sample (left), details of trichomes in filaments (middle), entwined of filaments (right). Not drawn to scale. Photos by Nam‐Ju Lee. See Lee et al. in this issue.
{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12506","url":null,"abstract":"Subaerophytic species Edaphophycus epilithus gen. et sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) in the Republic of Korea, including newly described species. Light microscopic image of Edaphophycus epilithus, the natural sample (left), details of trichomes in filaments (middle), entwined of filaments (right). Not drawn to scale. Photos by Nam‐Ju Lee. See Lee et al. in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tamayo-Ordóñez, B. Ayil-Gutiérrez, I.M.M. Moreno-Dávila, F. Tamayo‐Ordóñez, A. Córdova‐Quiroz, W. Poot-Poot, Siprian Damas‐Damas, H. Villanueva-Alonzo, M. Tamayo-Ordoñez
Microalgae have been positioned as excellent models for producing new sources of energy (biofuels and biohydrogen). Some investigations in these biological models have been directed to know if the enzymes ferredoxin (FDX) and hydrogenase (HYD) are involved in the algae producing different concentrations of molecular hydrogen (H2). To date, little is known about the concomitant transcriptional regulation of both enzymes during H2 evolution in algae. In this research, we evaluated the relative expression of hdy and fdx genes during the evolution of H2 in three microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) in N‐deprived anaerobic cultures in the presence of Fe, and 12:24 and 24:24 h dark:light cycles. We also detected structural differences in the enzymes. The 3D modeling indicated that the 3D structure of HYD and FDX are conserved in most algal genera, and the results of our grouping according to the aa characteristics of the proteins showed two grouping trends: One, according to the algae's phylogenetic classification, and another one according to the species‐specific enzyme's characteristics, and the grouping could perhaps be more influenced by the algae's ability to produce H2. The three microalgae species reached maximum H2 accumulation values in 24h:24 h dark:light conditions in Fe‐supplemented media (4.2 ± 0.12 mL L−1 in C. vulgaris, 3.9 ± 0.10 mL L−1 in S. obliquus, and 4.5 ± 0.10 mL L−1 in C. reinhardtii), and the highest global relative expression of hyd and fdx genes was reached during the first hour of exposure to light, which suggests concomitant expression of both enzymes at the beginning of H2 production. The behavior of the expression of the hyd and fdx genes in these algal species proved to be similar between species. A better understanding of the concomitant regulation of both enzymes could lay the groundwork for the future use of both enzymes to improve H2 yields in microalgae.
微藻已被定位为生产新能源(生物燃料和生物氢)的优秀模式。在这些生物模型中，一些研究的目的是了解铁氧还蛋白(FDX)和氢化酶(HYD)酶是否参与藻类产生不同浓度的分子氢(H2)。迄今为止，对藻类H2进化过程中这两种酶的转录调控知之甚少。在本研究中，我们评估了三种微藻(小球藻、斜角藻和莱茵衣藻)在缺氧培养条件下(Fe存在下)和12:24和24:24 h暗/光循环中H2进化过程中hdy和fdx基因的相对表达。我们还检测到了酶的结构差异。三维建模表明，HYD和FDX的三维结构在大多数藻类属中都是保守的，根据蛋白质的aa特征进行分组的结果显示出两种分组趋势:一种是根据藻类的系统发育分类，另一种是根据物种特异性酶的特征进行分组，并且分组可能更多地受到藻类产生H2的能力的影响。这三种微藻在补铁条件下，在24小时:24小时暗:光照条件下H2积累值达到最大值(C. vulgaris为4.2±0.12 mL L−1,S. obliquus为3.9±0.10 mL L−1,C. reinhardtii为4.5±0.10 mL L−1)，hyd和fdx基因的全球相对表达量在光照前1小时达到最高，这表明这两种酶在H2产生开始时同时表达。在这些藻类中，hyd和fdx基因的表达行为在种间是相似的。更好地了解这两种酶的伴随调控可以为未来使用这两种酶来提高微藻的H2产量奠定基础。
{"title":"Bioinformatic analysis and relative expression of hyd and fdx during H2 production in microalgae","authors":"Y. Tamayo-Ordóñez, B. Ayil-Gutiérrez, I.M.M. Moreno-Dávila, F. Tamayo‐Ordóñez, A. Córdova‐Quiroz, W. Poot-Poot, Siprian Damas‐Damas, H. Villanueva-Alonzo, M. Tamayo-Ordoñez","doi":"10.1111/pre.12500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12500","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have been positioned as excellent models for producing new sources of energy (biofuels and biohydrogen). Some investigations in these biological models have been directed to know if the enzymes ferredoxin (FDX) and hydrogenase (HYD) are involved in the algae producing different concentrations of molecular hydrogen (H2). To date, little is known about the concomitant transcriptional regulation of both enzymes during H2 evolution in algae. In this research, we evaluated the relative expression of hdy and fdx genes during the evolution of H2 in three microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) in N‐deprived anaerobic cultures in the presence of Fe, and 12:24 and 24:24 h dark:light cycles. We also detected structural differences in the enzymes. The 3D modeling indicated that the 3D structure of HYD and FDX are conserved in most algal genera, and the results of our grouping according to the aa characteristics of the proteins showed two grouping trends: One, according to the algae's phylogenetic classification, and another one according to the species‐specific enzyme's characteristics, and the grouping could perhaps be more influenced by the algae's ability to produce H2. The three microalgae species reached maximum H2 accumulation values in 24h:24 h dark:light conditions in Fe‐supplemented media (4.2 ± 0.12 mL L−1 in C. vulgaris, 3.9 ± 0.10 mL L−1 in S. obliquus, and 4.5 ± 0.10 mL L−1 in C. reinhardtii), and the highest global relative expression of hyd and fdx genes was reached during the first hour of exposure to light, which suggests concomitant expression of both enzymes at the beginning of H2 production. The behavior of the expression of the hyd and fdx genes in these algal species proved to be similar between species. A better understanding of the concomitant regulation of both enzymes could lay the groundwork for the future use of both enzymes to improve H2 yields in microalgae.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41339978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarina Niedzwiedz, N. Diehl, P. Fischer, K. Bischof
The geographical distribution of organisms, such as the foundation kelp species Saccharina latissima, is mainly driven by temperature. Globally increasing sea surface temperature and further intensification of marine heatwaves have already resulted in local extinction of kelp populations worldwide. In the present study, we investigated temporal variation in the thermal susceptibility of S. latissima by assessing stress responses of field sporophytes sampled from Helgoland (German Bight) in June 2018, August 2018 and August 2019 in heatwave scenarios. We analyzed survival, growth, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and pigment composition. Survival decreased with increasing environmental and experimental temperatures. Growth revealed seasonal patterns, being higher in June than in August, whereas Fv/Fm decreased with increasing temperature, independent of the sampling time. We found an increase in the concentration of light harvesting pigments and in the de‐epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle with higher treatment temperature. This pattern was even more pronounced at higher environmental temperature prior to the experiment (June 2018 < August 2019 < August 2018). Our results show that the thermal tolerance of S. latissima towards heatwaves in summer is significantly affected by the environmental history it previously experienced.
{"title":"Seasonal and inter‐annual variability in the heatwave tolerance of the kelp Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)","authors":"Sarina Niedzwiedz, N. Diehl, P. Fischer, K. Bischof","doi":"10.1111/pre.12501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12501","url":null,"abstract":"The geographical distribution of organisms, such as the foundation kelp species Saccharina latissima, is mainly driven by temperature. Globally increasing sea surface temperature and further intensification of marine heatwaves have already resulted in local extinction of kelp populations worldwide. In the present study, we investigated temporal variation in the thermal susceptibility of S. latissima by assessing stress responses of field sporophytes sampled from Helgoland (German Bight) in June 2018, August 2018 and August 2019 in heatwave scenarios. We analyzed survival, growth, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and pigment composition. Survival decreased with increasing environmental and experimental temperatures. Growth revealed seasonal patterns, being higher in June than in August, whereas Fv/Fm decreased with increasing temperature, independent of the sampling time. We found an increase in the concentration of light harvesting pigments and in the de‐epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle with higher treatment temperature. This pattern was even more pronounced at higher environmental temperature prior to the experiment (June 2018 < August 2019 < August 2018). Our results show that the thermal tolerance of S. latissima towards heatwaves in summer is significantly affected by the environmental history it previously experienced.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42991566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Hasan, Pierrot Van der Aa, F. Küpper, D. Al‐Bader, A. Peters
A new filamentous marine red alga, Kuwaitiella rubra gen. et sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), is described from Kuwait in the north‐western Arabian Gulf (also referred to as the Persian Gulf). It was found on a submerged fishing line. The intensively red upright thallus of up to 1 cm in length consists of cells containing a single stellate plastid. The thallus is initially uniseriate but becomes biseriate in its distal part upon transformation into globular reproductive cells, possibly archaeospores. The biseriate fertile part is the only morphological difference from other filamentous species of the Bangiales, in which this region is parenchymatous. In culture, bipolar asymmetric germination of the spores of Kuwaitiella led to a new generation of identical erect thalli, fixed to the substratum by colourless rhizoids. According to phylogenetic analyses of partial small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S) and of the plastid‐encoded ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL), the new species forms an additional lineage of the Bangiales, genetic similarity with other taxa being limited (maximum 91% in SSU and 90% in rbcL). It was no clear member of any known lineage of the Bangiales but was weakly associated with the filamentous species Minerva and Dione from New Zealand. In a SSU phylogeny, it formed a basal branch in the Bangiales and clustered with M. aenigmata and D. arcuata as sister clade to all other species of the order. In a rbcL phylogeny, it was part of a large polytomy of lineages, its closest relative being D. arcuata. Kuwaitiella forms the 8th lineage of filamentous Bangiales detected so far.
{"title":"Kuwaitiella rubra gen. et sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), a new filamentous genus and species from the north‐western Indian Ocean","authors":"A. H. Hasan, Pierrot Van der Aa, F. Küpper, D. Al‐Bader, A. Peters","doi":"10.1111/pre.12498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12498","url":null,"abstract":"A new filamentous marine red alga, Kuwaitiella rubra gen. et sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), is described from Kuwait in the north‐western Arabian Gulf (also referred to as the Persian Gulf). It was found on a submerged fishing line. The intensively red upright thallus of up to 1 cm in length consists of cells containing a single stellate plastid. The thallus is initially uniseriate but becomes biseriate in its distal part upon transformation into globular reproductive cells, possibly archaeospores. The biseriate fertile part is the only morphological difference from other filamentous species of the Bangiales, in which this region is parenchymatous. In culture, bipolar asymmetric germination of the spores of Kuwaitiella led to a new generation of identical erect thalli, fixed to the substratum by colourless rhizoids. According to phylogenetic analyses of partial small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S) and of the plastid‐encoded ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL), the new species forms an additional lineage of the Bangiales, genetic similarity with other taxa being limited (maximum 91% in SSU and 90% in rbcL). It was no clear member of any known lineage of the Bangiales but was weakly associated with the filamentous species Minerva and Dione from New Zealand. In a SSU phylogeny, it formed a basal branch in the Bangiales and clustered with M. aenigmata and D. arcuata as sister clade to all other species of the order. In a rbcL phylogeny, it was part of a large polytomy of lineages, its closest relative being D. arcuata. Kuwaitiella forms the 8th lineage of filamentous Bangiales detected so far.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47383671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nam‐Ju Lee, Taehee Kim, Do‐Hyun Kim, Jang‐Seu Ki, Ok‐Min Lee
Two strains of subaerial cyanobacteria were collected from two locations of the Republic of Korea, one in Seoul and the other in Gyeonggi‐do, both of which were studied using morphological and molecular traits. The genus Edaphophycus belonging to the family Coleofasciculaceae is morphologically very similar to the type genus Coleofasciculus and genus Kastovskya. However, in genera Coleofasciculus and Roseofilum thylakoids were reported as radial arrangements, whereas in genera Anagnostidinema, Geitlerinema, Kastovskya, and Wilmottia, belonging to family Coleofasciculaceae, thylakoids were reported as parietal arrangements, and in genus Edaphophycus in this study, thylakoids also appeared as parietal arrangements. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA showed that our two Edaphophycus epilithus strains clustered in the same clade, forming a sister relationship with genus Anagnostidinema. This suggested that our species belongs to the family Coleofasciculaceae. In addition, the ITS structure of E. epilithus showed different features when compared with genera Coleofasciculus and Anagnostidinema. These results demonstrated that E. epilithus sp. nov. is unique in morphology and molecular traits. Therefore, we propose this to be a novel species belonging to family Coleofasciculaceae and genus Edaphophycus gen. nov.
{"title":"Edaphophycus epilithus gen. et sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales, cyanobacteria) with a description of the morphology and molecular phylogeny","authors":"Nam‐Ju Lee, Taehee Kim, Do‐Hyun Kim, Jang‐Seu Ki, Ok‐Min Lee","doi":"10.1111/pre.12499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12499","url":null,"abstract":"Two strains of subaerial cyanobacteria were collected from two locations of the Republic of Korea, one in Seoul and the other in Gyeonggi‐do, both of which were studied using morphological and molecular traits. The genus Edaphophycus belonging to the family Coleofasciculaceae is morphologically very similar to the type genus Coleofasciculus and genus Kastovskya. However, in genera Coleofasciculus and Roseofilum thylakoids were reported as radial arrangements, whereas in genera Anagnostidinema, Geitlerinema, Kastovskya, and Wilmottia, belonging to family Coleofasciculaceae, thylakoids were reported as parietal arrangements, and in genus Edaphophycus in this study, thylakoids also appeared as parietal arrangements. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA showed that our two Edaphophycus epilithus strains clustered in the same clade, forming a sister relationship with genus Anagnostidinema. This suggested that our species belongs to the family Coleofasciculaceae. In addition, the ITS structure of E. epilithus showed different features when compared with genera Coleofasciculus and Anagnostidinema. These results demonstrated that E. epilithus sp. nov. is unique in morphology and molecular traits. Therefore, we propose this to be a novel species belonging to family Coleofasciculaceae and genus Edaphophycus gen. nov.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42661370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshino Hara, Yui Otake, Shingo Akita, T. Yamazaki, Fumio Takahashi, S. Yoshikawa, S. Shimada
To understand the high temperature stress acclimation of a canopy‐forming kelp, RNA‐seq analysis was performed on cultured Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), a major component species of kelp forests along the coast of Japan. We established a culture strain from a population at the northernmost distribution limit of this species and measured photosystem II activity in young sporophytes. We found that photosystem II activity was lower at 25°C than at 5–15°C, thus, comparative RNA‐seq analysis was conducted between cultivated young thalli of E. bicyclis at 15°C and 25°C. Comparison with the expression genes revealed 277 up‐regulated genes and 327 down‐regulated genes at 25°C. The most up‐regulated gene was 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase, which is related to fatty acid degradation. This enzyme has been reported to positively regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). In addition, heat shock proteins, ATP synthase, NADH‐dehydrogenase, and L‐ascorbate peroxidase were up‐regulated. The most down‐regulated gene was taurine catabolism dioxygenase TauD/TfdA. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism, photosynthesis, and synthesis of cell wall components were down‐regulated. These results suggest that E. bicyclis may counteract high temperature stress by up‐regulating genes involved in protein stabilization, energy production and antioxidant processes. Conversely, photosynthesis and other metabolic processes may be damaged due to the inability to withstand high temperature stress.
{"title":"Gene expression of a canopy‐forming kelp, Eisenia bicyclis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), under high temperature stress","authors":"Yoshino Hara, Yui Otake, Shingo Akita, T. Yamazaki, Fumio Takahashi, S. Yoshikawa, S. Shimada","doi":"10.1111/pre.12497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12497","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the high temperature stress acclimation of a canopy‐forming kelp, RNA‐seq analysis was performed on cultured Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), a major component species of kelp forests along the coast of Japan. We established a culture strain from a population at the northernmost distribution limit of this species and measured photosystem II activity in young sporophytes. We found that photosystem II activity was lower at 25°C than at 5–15°C, thus, comparative RNA‐seq analysis was conducted between cultivated young thalli of E. bicyclis at 15°C and 25°C. Comparison with the expression genes revealed 277 up‐regulated genes and 327 down‐regulated genes at 25°C. The most up‐regulated gene was 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase, which is related to fatty acid degradation. This enzyme has been reported to positively regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). In addition, heat shock proteins, ATP synthase, NADH‐dehydrogenase, and L‐ascorbate peroxidase were up‐regulated. The most down‐regulated gene was taurine catabolism dioxygenase TauD/TfdA. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism, photosynthesis, and synthesis of cell wall components were down‐regulated. These results suggest that E. bicyclis may counteract high temperature stress by up‐regulating genes involved in protein stabilization, energy production and antioxidant processes. Conversely, photosynthesis and other metabolic processes may be damaged due to the inability to withstand high temperature stress.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44038112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eriko Sasagawa, Wilfred John E. Santiañez, K. Kogame
Members of the brown algal order Asterocladales are characterized by stellate arrangement of its chloroplasts, in which a stellate configuration has a protruding central pyrenoid complex. The order is represented by the genus Asterocladon, which consists of only three species so far. Similar to other small and filamentous seaweeds, studies on Asterocladon remain scant and their diversity poorly understood. To fill this gap, we conducted molecular‐assisted taxonomic studies on Asterocladon based on seven culture isolates collected from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Cebu, the Philippines. One culture isolate from the Philippines was revealed to be a new species of Asterocladon based on morpho‐anatomical and molecular analyses using rbcL and psaA genes and is described here as Asterocladon ednae. The other isolates were attributed to A. rhodochortonoides. A. ednae was most closely related to A. rhodochortonoides in morphology and molecular phylogeny but was distinguished from the latter by its elongately ellipsoid plurilocular sporangia. This is the first report of the genus and species A. ednae in the Philippines, further increasing the diversity of seaweeds in the country.
{"title":"Asterocladon ednae sp. nov. (Asterocladales, Phaeophyceae) from the Philippines","authors":"Eriko Sasagawa, Wilfred John E. Santiañez, K. Kogame","doi":"10.1111/pre.12490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12490","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the brown algal order Asterocladales are characterized by stellate arrangement of its chloroplasts, in which a stellate configuration has a protruding central pyrenoid complex. The order is represented by the genus Asterocladon, which consists of only three species so far. Similar to other small and filamentous seaweeds, studies on Asterocladon remain scant and their diversity poorly understood. To fill this gap, we conducted molecular‐assisted taxonomic studies on Asterocladon based on seven culture isolates collected from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Cebu, the Philippines. One culture isolate from the Philippines was revealed to be a new species of Asterocladon based on morpho‐anatomical and molecular analyses using rbcL and psaA genes and is described here as Asterocladon ednae. The other isolates were attributed to A. rhodochortonoides. A. ednae was most closely related to A. rhodochortonoides in morphology and molecular phylogeny but was distinguished from the latter by its elongately ellipsoid plurilocular sporangia. This is the first report of the genus and species A. ednae in the Philippines, further increasing the diversity of seaweeds in the country.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42710115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koki Nishitsuji, Yoshie Nishitsuji, Yoshitaka Yonashiro, Nori Satoh
Okinawa mozuku, Cladosiphon okamuranus, is one of many edible brown algae, yielding 22 Kton annually and contributing ¥5 billion to the Japanese economy. The life cycle of C. okamuranus is complicated, since the alga has self‐cloning life cycles in both haploid (N, male and female) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only diploid “seeds” (germlings) become edible sporophytes. Because haploid and diploid germlings are morphologically indistinguishable, haploid germlings are often mistakenly combined with diploid germlings for cultivation, which results in less efficient harvesting of mozuku. Sexual identification of haploid germlings is essential to develop better diploid strains by crossbreeding. With this aim, we performed RNA‐seq analysis of haploid germlings of C. okamuranus. Using its decoded diploid genome and transcriptomic information, we identified 269 genes that are expressed specifically in male or female haploids. BLAST analysis with Ectocarpus siliculosus gene models revealed that nine of 269 genes were putative sex determination‐related genes of C. okamuranus. A unique set of polymerase chain reaction primers for these nine genes was designed, and DNA amplification using primers enabled us to distinguish male and female haploid and diploid germlings. This tool will enable mozuku farmers to select diploid germlings free of haploid germlings. Using this DNA marker technique, the amount of mozuku cultivated in Okinawa is expected to increase.
{"title":"Development of DNA markers that distinguish male and female haploid germlings of the brown alga, Cladosiphon okamuranus","authors":"Koki Nishitsuji, Yoshie Nishitsuji, Yoshitaka Yonashiro, Nori Satoh","doi":"10.1111/pre.12489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12489","url":null,"abstract":"Okinawa mozuku, Cladosiphon okamuranus, is one of many edible brown algae, yielding 22 Kton annually and contributing ¥5 billion to the Japanese economy. The life cycle of C. okamuranus is complicated, since the alga has self‐cloning life cycles in both haploid (N, male and female) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only diploid “seeds” (germlings) become edible sporophytes. Because haploid and diploid germlings are morphologically indistinguishable, haploid germlings are often mistakenly combined with diploid germlings for cultivation, which results in less efficient harvesting of mozuku. Sexual identification of haploid germlings is essential to develop better diploid strains by crossbreeding. With this aim, we performed RNA‐seq analysis of haploid germlings of C. okamuranus. Using its decoded diploid genome and transcriptomic information, we identified 269 genes that are expressed specifically in male or female haploids. BLAST analysis with Ectocarpus siliculosus gene models revealed that nine of 269 genes were putative sex determination‐related genes of C. okamuranus. A unique set of polymerase chain reaction primers for these nine genes was designed, and DNA amplification using primers enabled us to distinguish male and female haploid and diploid germlings. This tool will enable mozuku farmers to select diploid germlings free of haploid germlings. Using this DNA marker technique, the amount of mozuku cultivated in Okinawa is expected to increase.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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