{"title":"Novelties in nomenclature and typification appearing in Phycological Research 69 (3)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47848673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aika Shibata, F. Takahashi, N. Imamura, M. Kasahara
Paramecium bursaria has hundreds of chlorella in the cell. These symbiotic chlorella cells supply maltose, a photosynthetic product, to the host. Only symbiotic chlorella retains the ability to release maltose to the extracellular space, whereas free‐living chlorella does not. To provide the host with maltose, a maltose transporter localized on the symbiotic chlorella plasma membrane is required. However, the molecular identity of the maltose transporter and its properties are unknown. To better understand the characteristics of the maltose transporter, we investigated how maltose release by Chlorella variabilis is affected by the excess external maltose and several agents that inhibit ATP synthesis or disrupt the ion gradient across cell membranes. Our overall findings, including the observation that C. variabilis did not utilize maltose in the growth medium, led to the conclusion that the maltose transporter is likely a unidirectional and active transporter, which utilizes a proton gradient across the plasma membrane and does not use ATP as its energy source.
{"title":"Characteristics of maltose transport system in the endosymbiont Chlorella variabilis of Paramecium bursaria","authors":"Aika Shibata, F. Takahashi, N. Imamura, M. Kasahara","doi":"10.1111/pre.12461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12461","url":null,"abstract":"Paramecium bursaria has hundreds of chlorella in the cell. These symbiotic chlorella cells supply maltose, a photosynthetic product, to the host. Only symbiotic chlorella retains the ability to release maltose to the extracellular space, whereas free‐living chlorella does not. To provide the host with maltose, a maltose transporter localized on the symbiotic chlorella plasma membrane is required. However, the molecular identity of the maltose transporter and its properties are unknown. To better understand the characteristics of the maltose transporter, we investigated how maltose release by Chlorella variabilis is affected by the excess external maltose and several agents that inhibit ATP synthesis or disrupt the ion gradient across cell membranes. Our overall findings, including the observation that C. variabilis did not utilize maltose in the growth medium, led to the conclusion that the maltose transporter is likely a unidirectional and active transporter, which utilizes a proton gradient across the plasma membrane and does not use ATP as its energy source.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42843900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paragymnodinium verecundum Yokouchi & Horiguchi sp. nov. was isolated from sand samples collected at Kitsunezaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and described based on observations using light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, together with molecular analysis. The cells were 9.4–17.1 μm long and 5.7–13.6 μm wide and showed a benthic lifestyle. They possessed a sulcal extension‐like furrow on the episome, an eyespot, nematocysts and multiple chloroplasts with separated thylakoids. They ingested prey cells by engulfment, indicating a mixotrophic nutrition. These characters are shared with a known species of the genus Paragymnodinium, P. stigmaticum. However, unlike P. stigmaticum, P. verecundum showed negative phototaxis and possessed a pusule. Additional differences in the ultrastructure of the nematocysts and the flagellar apparatus indicated that these two dinoflagellates are different species. A phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences recovered P. verecundum in a robust clade of species of Paragymnodinium within the clade Gymnodinium sensu stricto. The sister to P. verecundum was P. stigmaticum, but they were clearly separated. Therefore, this dinoflagellate was concluded to be a new species in the genus Paragymnodinium.
{"title":"Paragymnodinium verecundum sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new species of mixotrophic dinoflagellate from Japan","authors":"K. Yokouchi, T. Horiguchi","doi":"10.1111/pre.12452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12452","url":null,"abstract":"Paragymnodinium verecundum Yokouchi & Horiguchi sp. nov. was isolated from sand samples collected at Kitsunezaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and described based on observations using light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, together with molecular analysis. The cells were 9.4–17.1 μm long and 5.7–13.6 μm wide and showed a benthic lifestyle. They possessed a sulcal extension‐like furrow on the episome, an eyespot, nematocysts and multiple chloroplasts with separated thylakoids. They ingested prey cells by engulfment, indicating a mixotrophic nutrition. These characters are shared with a known species of the genus Paragymnodinium, P. stigmaticum. However, unlike P. stigmaticum, P. verecundum showed negative phototaxis and possessed a pusule. Additional differences in the ultrastructure of the nematocysts and the flagellar apparatus indicated that these two dinoflagellates are different species. A phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences recovered P. verecundum in a robust clade of species of Paragymnodinium within the clade Gymnodinium sensu stricto. The sister to P. verecundum was P. stigmaticum, but they were clearly separated. Therefore, this dinoflagellate was concluded to be a new species in the genus Paragymnodinium.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48888090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novelties in nomenclature and typification appearing in Phycological Research 69 (2)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43793764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffery R. Hughey, P. Gabrielson, C. Maggs, F. Mineur, K. Miller
Genetic analysis of type material of various Ulva species has shown that many names have been misapplied. DNA sequences of two of the specimens on the lectotype sheet of U. australis from South Australia showed that U. australis is conspecific with specimens called U. pertusa from Japan. However, type material of U. pertusa has not been sequenced, nor have other type specimens with type localities in Japan and Australia, including U. conglobata f. conglobata and U. conglobata f. densa from the former, and U. laetevirens and U. spathulata from the latter. To determine if these names have been correctly applied, targeted DNA sequencing of the rbcL gene was performed on (i) the lectotype specimen of U. laetevirens, (ii) the lectotype and two syntype specimens of U. pertusa, (iii) the lectotype and two syntype specimens of U. congoblata f. conglobata and (iv) two specimens on the holotype sheet of U. conglobata f. densa. In addition, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis was carried out on an isotype specimen of U. spathulata. Phylogenetic analysis of the resulting rbcL gene sequences supports the taxonomic conclusions that U. laetevirens, U. pertusa and U. spathulata are synonyms of U. australis, and U. conglobata f. conglobata and U. conglobata f. densa represent a single separate and distinct species, U. conglobata. These genetic data contribute to the taxonomy of Ulva and further demonstrate that analyzing DNA from type material is the only currently known reliable method to correctly apply names in this genus.
{"title":"Taxonomic revisions based on genetic analysis of type specimens of Ulva conglobata, U. laetevirens, U. pertusa and U. spathulata (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)","authors":"Jeffery R. Hughey, P. Gabrielson, C. Maggs, F. Mineur, K. Miller","doi":"10.1111/pre.12450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12450","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic analysis of type material of various Ulva species has shown that many names have been misapplied. DNA sequences of two of the specimens on the lectotype sheet of U. australis from South Australia showed that U. australis is conspecific with specimens called U. pertusa from Japan. However, type material of U. pertusa has not been sequenced, nor have other type specimens with type localities in Japan and Australia, including U. conglobata f. conglobata and U. conglobata f. densa from the former, and U. laetevirens and U. spathulata from the latter. To determine if these names have been correctly applied, targeted DNA sequencing of the rbcL gene was performed on (i) the lectotype specimen of U. laetevirens, (ii) the lectotype and two syntype specimens of U. pertusa, (iii) the lectotype and two syntype specimens of U. congoblata f. conglobata and (iv) two specimens on the holotype sheet of U. conglobata f. densa. In addition, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis was carried out on an isotype specimen of U. spathulata. Phylogenetic analysis of the resulting rbcL gene sequences supports the taxonomic conclusions that U. laetevirens, U. pertusa and U. spathulata are synonyms of U. australis, and U. conglobata f. conglobata and U. conglobata f. densa represent a single separate and distinct species, U. conglobata. These genetic data contribute to the taxonomy of Ulva and further demonstrate that analyzing DNA from type material is the only currently known reliable method to correctly apply names in this genus.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Salas, U. Tillmann, H. Gu, Stephan Wietkamp, B. Krock, Dave Clarke
Shellfish contamination with azaspiracids (AZA), which are lipophilic marine biotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates, is a major and recurrent problem for the Irish shellfish industry. AZA are produced by certain species of Amphidomataceae, but the species diversity of this group of microalgae in Irish waters is poorly known. Here we present a morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new strains of non‐toxigenic Azadinium isolated on an oceanographic survey in 2018. A lack of AZA production for all strains presented here was demonstrated by LC‐MS/MS analysis. One strain of Azadinium caudatum var. margalefii (first strain for the area) confirmed non‐toxigenicity of Atlantic populations of this species. One strain designated as Azadinium cf. zhuanum was similar to Az. zhuanum described from China but differed from the type strain in nucleus position, by the dominant number of apical plates, and by significant differences in rRNA gene sequences. Finally, two new non‐toxigenic Azadinium species are described from the North East Atlantic: Azadinium galwayense sp. nov. and Azadinium perfusorium sp. nov. Azadinium galwayense differed from other Azadinium by a characteristic combination regarding presence and location of the ventral pore (vp; on the right side of the pore plate), of a pyrenoid (located in the episome), and by a pentagonal shape of the median anterior intercalary plate 2a, and lack of contact between plates 1″ and 1a. Azadinium perfusorium shared the same vp position as Az. galwayense and differed by a characteristic combination of a pyrenoid located in the hyposome, a tetragonal shape of plate 2a, and a relatively large size of the two lateral anterior intercalary plates. Molecular phylogeny confirmed the distinctiveness of these two new species and their placement in Azadinium. The present findings significantly increased knowledge on the diversity of Azadinium species in the North East Atlantic.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new Azadinium strains revealed a high diversity of non‐toxigenic species of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) including two new Azadinium species in Irish waters, North East Atlantic","authors":"R. Salas, U. Tillmann, H. Gu, Stephan Wietkamp, B. Krock, Dave Clarke","doi":"10.1111/pre.12448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12448","url":null,"abstract":"Shellfish contamination with azaspiracids (AZA), which are lipophilic marine biotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates, is a major and recurrent problem for the Irish shellfish industry. AZA are produced by certain species of Amphidomataceae, but the species diversity of this group of microalgae in Irish waters is poorly known. Here we present a morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new strains of non‐toxigenic Azadinium isolated on an oceanographic survey in 2018. A lack of AZA production for all strains presented here was demonstrated by LC‐MS/MS analysis. One strain of Azadinium caudatum var. margalefii (first strain for the area) confirmed non‐toxigenicity of Atlantic populations of this species. One strain designated as Azadinium cf. zhuanum was similar to Az. zhuanum described from China but differed from the type strain in nucleus position, by the dominant number of apical plates, and by significant differences in rRNA gene sequences. Finally, two new non‐toxigenic Azadinium species are described from the North East Atlantic: Azadinium galwayense sp. nov. and Azadinium perfusorium sp. nov. Azadinium galwayense differed from other Azadinium by a characteristic combination regarding presence and location of the ventral pore (vp; on the right side of the pore plate), of a pyrenoid (located in the episome), and by a pentagonal shape of the median anterior intercalary plate 2a, and lack of contact between plates 1″ and 1a. Azadinium perfusorium shared the same vp position as Az. galwayense and differed by a characteristic combination of a pyrenoid located in the hyposome, a tetragonal shape of plate 2a, and a relatively large size of the two lateral anterior intercalary plates. Molecular phylogeny confirmed the distinctiveness of these two new species and their placement in Azadinium. The present findings significantly increased knowledge on the diversity of Azadinium species in the North East Atlantic.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neochloris terrestris possesses ultrastructural features distinct from those of other species of Neochloris sensu stricto belonging to the Neochloridaceae. However, it was not classified properly due to the absence of phylogenetic information. We used an analysis of 18S rDNA sequence data as well as newly obtained ultrastructural data to support placement of this taxon in Chlororustica gen. nov. as C. terrestris comb. nov. in the Radiococcaceae.
陆生新氯藻具有不同于新氯藻科其他新氯藻的超微结构特征。然而，由于缺乏系统发育信息，它没有被正确分类。我们利用18S rDNA序列数据和新获得的超微结构数据分析，支持该分类群在Chlororustica gen. nov.中作为c.t arrestris梳子的位置。11 .放射球菌科。
{"title":"Chlororustica gen. nov. for the coccoid, zoospore‐producing alga Neochloris terrestris (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae)","authors":"Shin Watanabe, Naoto Mezaki, Tatsuya Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/pre.12457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12457","url":null,"abstract":"Neochloris terrestris possesses ultrastructural features distinct from those of other species of Neochloris sensu stricto belonging to the Neochloridaceae. However, it was not classified properly due to the absence of phylogenetic information. We used an analysis of 18S rDNA sequence data as well as newly obtained ultrastructural data to support placement of this taxon in Chlororustica gen. nov. as C. terrestris comb. nov. in the Radiococcaceae.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45029153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Vieira, Shingo Akita, S. Uwai, T. Hanyuda, S. Shimada, H. Kawai
The genetic diversity of freshwater Hildenbrandia species (Florideophyceae, Hildenbrandiales) from Japan was reassessed based on specimens collected from Kagoshima (Kyushu), Hyogo and Kanagawa Prefectures (Honshu), using rbcL and 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic results suggested the occurrence of only one species of freshwater Hildenbrandia in Japan, H. japananensis. The clade H. jigongshanensis–H. japananensis is sister to H. rivularis. Hildenbrandia angolensis was paraphyletic and positioned basally among the freshwater Hildenbrandia clades. Furthermore, the genetic similarity between H. jigongshanensis and H. japananensis determined by rbcL and 18S sequences as well as the intraspecific morphological plasticity led us to the conclusion that the species from China and Japan were conspecific. Accordingly, we propose the taxonomic lumping of H. jigongshanensis and H. japananensis. In addition, we recommend additional molecular and morphological studies on Asian freshwater Hildenbrandia to determine whether H. jigongshanensis is conspecific with H. ramanaginae previously described from India.
{"title":"Hildenbrandia (Hildenbrandiales, Florideophyceae) from Japan and taxonomic lumping of H. jigongshanensis and H. japananensis","authors":"C. Vieira, Shingo Akita, S. Uwai, T. Hanyuda, S. Shimada, H. Kawai","doi":"10.1111/pre.12456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12456","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity of freshwater Hildenbrandia species (Florideophyceae, Hildenbrandiales) from Japan was reassessed based on specimens collected from Kagoshima (Kyushu), Hyogo and Kanagawa Prefectures (Honshu), using rbcL and 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic results suggested the occurrence of only one species of freshwater Hildenbrandia in Japan, H. japananensis. The clade H. jigongshanensis–H. japananensis is sister to H. rivularis. Hildenbrandia angolensis was paraphyletic and positioned basally among the freshwater Hildenbrandia clades. Furthermore, the genetic similarity between H. jigongshanensis and H. japananensis determined by rbcL and 18S sequences as well as the intraspecific morphological plasticity led us to the conclusion that the species from China and Japan were conspecific. Accordingly, we propose the taxonomic lumping of H. jigongshanensis and H. japananensis. In addition, we recommend additional molecular and morphological studies on Asian freshwater Hildenbrandia to determine whether H. jigongshanensis is conspecific with H. ramanaginae previously described from India.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/pre.12456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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