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The Integrated Sensing and Communication Revolution for 6G: Vision, Techniques, and Applications 面向 6G 的综合传感与通信革命:愿景、技术与应用
IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3397609
Nuria González-Prelcic;Musa Furkan Keskin;Ossi Kaltiokallio;Mikko Valkama;Davide Dardari;Xiao Shen;Yuan Shen;Murat Bayraktar;Henk Wymeersch
Future wireless networks will integrate sensing, learning, and communication to provide new services beyond communication and to become more resilient. Sensors at the network infrastructure, sensors on the user equipment (UE), and the sensing capability of the communication signal itself provide a new source of data that connects the physical and radio frequency (RF) environments. A wireless network that harnesses all these sensing data can not only enable additional sensing services but also become more resilient to channel-dependent effects such as blockage and better support adaptation in dynamic environments as networks reconfigure. In this article, we provide a vision for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks and an overview of how signal processing, optimization, and machine learning (ML) techniques can be leveraged to make them a reality in the context of 6G. We also include some examples of the performance of several of these strategies when evaluated using a simulation framework based on a combination of ray-tracing measurements and mathematical models that mix the digital and physical worlds.
未来的无线网络将整合传感、学习和通信功能,以提供通信以外的新服务,并提高其弹性。网络基础设施上的传感器、用户设备(UE)上的传感器以及通信信号本身的传感能力提供了连接物理和射频(RF)环境的新数据源。利用所有这些传感数据的无线网络不仅能提供额外的传感服务,还能更好地抵御阻塞等信道影响,并在网络重组时更好地支持动态环境中的适应性。在本文中,我们提出了综合传感与通信(ISAC)网络的愿景,并概述了如何利用信号处理、优化和机器学习(ML)技术在 6G 背景下将其变为现实。我们还列举了一些实例,说明在使用基于光线跟踪测量和混合数字与物理世界的数学模型的仿真框架进行评估时,其中几种策略的性能如何。
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引用次数: 0
Wireless Information and Energy Transfer in the Era of 6G Communications 6G 通信时代的无线信息和能量传输
IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3395178
Constantinos Psomas;Konstantinos Ntougias;Nikita Shanin;Dongfang Xu;Kenneth Mayer;Nguyen Minh Tran;Laura Cottatellucci;Kae Won Choi;Dong In Kim;Robert Schober;Ioannis Krikidis
Wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) represents an emerging paradigm that employs controllable transmission of radio frequency signals for the dual purpose of data communication and wireless charging. As such, WIET is widely regarded as an enabler of envisioned sixth-generation (6G) use cases that rely on energy-sustainable Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks, such as smart cities and smart grids. Meeting the quality-of-service demands of WIET, in terms of both data transfer and power delivery, requires effective codesign of the information and energy signals. In this article, we present the main principles and design aspects of WIET, focusing on its integration in 6G networks. First, we discuss how conventional communication notions, such as resource allocation and waveform design, need to be revisited in the context of WIET. Next, we consider various candidate 6G technologies that can boost WIET efficiency, namely, holographic multiple-input multiple-output, near-field beamforming, terahertz communication, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), and reconfigurable (fluid) antenna arrays. We introduce respective WIET design methods, analyze the promising performance gains of these WIET systems, and discuss challenges, open issues, and future research directions. Finally, a near-field energy beamforming scheme and a power-based IRS beamforming algorithm are experimentally validated using a wireless energy transfer testbed. The vision of WIET in communication systems has been gaining momentum in recent years, with constant progress with respect to theoretical and also practical aspects. The comprehensive overview of the state of the art of WIET presented in this article highlights the potential of WIET systems and their overall benefits in 6G networks.
无线信息和能量传输(WIET)是一种新兴模式,它利用可控的射频信号传输实现数据通信和无线充电的双重目的。因此,无线信息和能量传输被广泛认为是第六代(6G)使用案例的推动者,这些使用案例依赖于能源可持续的物联网(IoT)网络,如智能城市和智能电网。要满足 WIET 在数据传输和电力输送方面的服务质量要求,就必须对信息和能源信号进行有效的编码设计。在本文中,我们将介绍 WIET 的主要原理和设计方面,重点关注其在 6G 网络中的集成。首先,我们讨论了在 WIET 的背景下如何重新审视资源分配和波形设计等传统通信概念。接下来,我们考虑了可提高 WIET 效率的各种 6G 候选技术,即全息多输入多输出、近场波束成形、太赫兹通信、智能反射面(IRS)和可重构(流体)天线阵列。我们介绍了各自的 WIET 设计方法,分析了这些 WIET 系统有望提高的性能,并讨论了面临的挑战、未决问题和未来的研究方向。最后,我们利用无线能量传输测试平台对近场能量波束成形方案和基于功率的 IRS 波束成形算法进行了实验验证。近年来,通信系统中的 WIET 前景日益广阔,在理论和实践方面都取得了不断进步。本文对 WIET 技术现状的全面概述突出了 WIET 系统的潜力及其在 6G 网络中的整体效益。
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引用次数: 0
3-D-Printed Terahertz Metalenses for Next-Generation Communication and Imaging Applications 用于下一代通信和成像应用的三维打印太赫兹金属透镜
IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3395891
Geng-Bo Wu;Jin Chen;Chenfeng Yang;Ka Fai Chan;Mu Ku Chen;Din Ping Tsai;Chi Hou Chan
Three-dimensional (3-D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, provides a novel and cost-effective approach for implementing microwave devices. With the rapid advancement and improved manufacturing resolution of the 3-D printing technology, additive manufacturing has enabled the design and fabrication of electronic devices in higher terahertz (THz) frequency bands, contributing to bridging the gap between microwaves and photonics. Simultaneously, metalenses have garnered significant attention due to their ability to shape electromagnetic (EM) wavefronts. Metalens technology offers a promising solution for wave focusing, surpassing traditional dielectric lenses with advantages such as reduced weight and low loss, particularly at THz frequencies. In this article, we present an overview of the development of 3-D-printed THz metalenses, ranging from single metalenses to dual-layer and trilayer configurations. The functionality of the metalenses becomes more powerful, from replacing conventional light-focusing dielectric lenses for single-layer metalenses, achieving 2-D beam scanning, holographic imaging, and reconfigurable orbital angular momentum (OAM) for dual-layer metalenses, to enabling 3-D focus scanning for trilayer metalenses. We also discuss practical measurement technologies for THz metalenses and briefly outline the prospective to propel the 3-D-printed metalens technology forward.
三维(3-D)打印,又称快速成型制造,为实现微波设备提供了一种新颖且经济高效的方法。随着三维打印技术的快速发展和制造分辨率的提高,增材制造技术已经能够设计和制造更高太赫兹(THz)频段的电子设备,从而有助于缩小微波和光子之间的差距。与此同时,金属透镜也因其塑造电磁(EM)波面的能力而备受关注。金属透镜技术为波聚焦提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案,它超越了传统的介质透镜,具有重量轻、损耗低等优点,尤其是在太赫兹频率下。在本文中,我们将概述 3-D 打印太赫兹金属透镜的发展情况,从单层金属透镜到双层和三层配置。金属透镜的功能越来越强大,从单层金属透镜取代传统的光聚焦介质透镜,到双层金属透镜实现二维光束扫描、全息成像和可重构轨道角动量(OAM),再到三层金属透镜实现三维聚焦扫描。我们还讨论了太赫兹金属透镜的实用测量技术,并简要概述了推动三维打印金属透镜技术向前发展的前景。
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引用次数: 0
In-Band Full-Duplex: The Physical Layer 带内全双工:物理层
IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3366768
Besma Smida;Risto Wichman;Kenneth E. Kolodziej;Himal A. Suraweera;Taneli Riihonen;Ashutosh Sabharwal
In this article, we review the key concepts and the progress in the design of physical-layer aspects of in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communications. One of the fundamental challenges in realizing IBFD is self-interference that can be up to 100 dB stronger than signals of interest. Thus, we start by reviewing state-of-the-art research in self-interference cancellation, addressing both model-based and emerging machine learning-based methods. Then, we turn our attention to new wireless systems with many degrees of freedom for which the traditional IBFD designs do not gracefully scale and, hence, require many innovations to enable IBFD. We provide an extensive review of basic concepts and state of the art in massive multiple-input–multiple-output IBFD. Then, we consider the mmWave band IBFD and review advanced physical-layer architectures. The above review provides the proper context to discuss IBFD innovations and new challenges for sixth-generation networks and beyond, where wireless networks are envisioned to be multifunctional, combining communications with functions such as sensing, cognitive radios, physical-layer security, and wireless power transfer. We conclude this article with a status update on the adoption of IBFD in communication standards.
本文回顾了带内全双工(IBFD)通信物理层设计的关键概念和进展。实现 IBFD 的基本挑战之一是自干扰,自干扰可能比相关信号强达 100 dB。因此,我们首先回顾了自干扰消除领域的最新研究成果,探讨了基于模型的方法和新兴的基于机器学习的方法。然后,我们将注意力转向具有多个自由度的新型无线系统,对于这些系统,传统的 IBFD 设计无法优雅地扩展,因此需要许多创新来实现 IBFD。我们广泛回顾了大规模多输入多输出 IBFD 的基本概念和技术现状。然后,我们考虑了毫米波频段的 IBFD,并回顾了先进的物理层架构。上述回顾为讨论 IBFD 创新和第六代及以后网络的新挑战提供了适当的背景,在第六代及以后网络中,无线网络被设想为多功能网络,将通信与传感、认知无线电、物理层安全和无线电功率传输等功能结合在一起。最后,我们将介绍在通信标准中采用 IBFD 的最新情况。
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引用次数: 0
Ultradense Cell-Free Massive MIMO for 6G: Technical Overview and Open Questions 用于 6G 的超密集无小区大规模 MIMO:技术概述和开放性问题
IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3393514
Hien Quoc Ngo;Giovanni Interdonato;Erik G. Larsson;Giuseppe Caire;Jeffrey G. Andrews
Ultradense cell-free massive multiple-input–multiple-output (CF-MMIMO) has emerged as a promising technology expected to meet the future ubiquitous connectivity requirements and ever-growing data traffic demands in sixth generation (6G). This article provides a contemporary overview of ultradense CF-MMIMO networks and addresses important unresolved questions on their future deployment. We first present a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art research on CF-MMIMO and ultradense networks. Then, we discuss the key challenges of CF-MMIMO under ultradense scenarios such as low-complexity architecture and processing, low-complexity/scalable resource allocation, fronthaul limitation, massive access, synchronization, and channel acquisition. Finally, we answer key open questions, considering different design comparisons and discussing suitable methods dealing with the key challenges of ultradense CF-MMIMO. The discussion aims to provide a valuable roadmap for interesting future research directions in this area, facilitating the development of CF-MMIMO for 6G.
超密集无蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(CF-MMIMO)已成为一种前景广阔的技术,有望满足未来无处不在的连接要求和第六代(6G)日益增长的数据流量需求。本文概述了超密集 CF-MMIMO 网络的发展现状,并探讨了其未来部署中尚未解决的重要问题。首先,我们对 CF-MMIMO 和超密集网络的最新研究进行了全面梳理。然后,我们讨论了 CF-MMIMO 在超密集场景下面临的关键挑战,如低复杂度架构和处理、低复杂度/可扩展资源分配、前传限制、大规模接入、同步和信道获取。最后,我们回答了关键的开放问题,考虑了不同的设计比较,并讨论了应对超密集 CF-MMIMO 关键挑战的合适方法。讨论旨在为这一领域有趣的未来研究方向提供有价值的路线图,促进 6G CF-MMIMO 的发展。
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引用次数: 0
3-D/4-D-Printed Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for Controlling Electromagnetic Waves 用于控制电磁波的三维/四维打印可重构元表面
IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3391232
Eiyong Park;Minjae Lee;Heijun Jeong;Ratanak Phon;Kyounghwan Kim;Seyeon Park;Sungjoon Lim
A comprehensive review of 3-D/4-D-printed reconfigurable metasurfaces (RMSs) is presented in this article. A metasurface (MS) demonstrates exceptional abilities for electromagnetic (EM) wave molding beyond that offered by conventional planar interfaces, and RMS provides MS with more diverse EM wave-control capabilities. RMSs are categorized by the type of external stimulus used for reconfiguration, such as electrical RMS, fluidic RMS, mechanical RMS, and thermal RMS. To implement these RMSs, it is important to understand the design and fabrication requirements as well as the EM characteristic of each RMS, including its advantages and disadvantages. In particular, except for electrical RMS, RMSs require complex 3-D structures or special materials that are difficult to implement with conventional subtractive manufacturing methods such as printed-circuit-board manufacturing. Recently, advanced 3-D/4-D printing technology has achieved high fabrication freedom and meets the design and fabrication requirements of each type of RMS. In this article, we introduce representative RMSs with the development of 3-D/4-D printing technology and materials. Furthermore, current issues of RMSs based on 3-D/4-D printing technology and future directions are described.
本文全面回顾了三维/四维打印可重构元表面(RMS)。元表面(MS)具有超越传统平面界面的电磁波成型能力,而 RMS 则为元表面提供了更多样化的电磁波控制能力。RMS 可根据用于重新配置的外部刺激类型进行分类,如电子 RMS、流体 RMS、机械 RMS 和热 RMS。要实现这些 RMS,必须了解设计和制造要求以及每种 RMS 的电磁特性,包括其优缺点。特别是,除电气 RMS 外,其他 RMS 都需要复杂的三维结构或特殊材料,而传统的减法制造方法(如印刷电路板制造)很难实现这些要求。近年来,先进的三维/四维打印技术实现了较高的制造自由度,可以满足各类 RMS 的设计和制造要求。本文将结合 3-D/4-D 印刷技术和材料的发展,介绍具有代表性的 RMS。此外,还介绍了基于 3-D/4-D 打印技术的 RMS 的当前问题和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview of Advancements in Multimotor Drives: Structural Diversity, Advanced Control, Specific Technical Challenges, and Solutions 多电机驱动技术进步概览:结构多样性、先进控制、具体技术挑战和解决方案
IF 20.6 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3387061
Chao Gong;Yunwei Ryan Li;Navid R. Zargari
Multimotor drives have become increasingly important in modern industrial applications due to their ability to provide superior performance, efficiency, and flexibility compared to single-motor systems. Hence, this article presents an overview of recent advancements in multimotor drives, focusing on three main areas: structural diversity, advanced control, and emerging challenges and solutions. First, the various structural configurations of multimotor drives are summarized, which include parallel, cascaded, and hybrid configurations. The features as well as component motors and converters of each configuration are discussed, along with the selection rules of a particular configuration for a given application. Second, from the perspective of different performance requirements, the advanced control technologies used for multimotor drives are discussed. Then, this article highlights the technical challenges associated with multimotor drives, including coordination control, mutual interference, communication, interdependent fault diagnosis, and power quality. Meanwhile, viable solutions to these challenges are summarized. Finally, a discussion of the future directions and opportunities for further research and development in the field of multimotor drives is presented. Through this article, scholars and engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of current and future developments in multimotor drives, contributing to continued research in this field and facilitating successful integration into various applications.
与单电机系统相比,多电机驱动器能够提供卓越的性能、效率和灵活性,因此在现代工业应用中变得越来越重要。因此,本文概述了多电机驱动器的最新进展,重点关注三个主要领域:结构多样性、先进控制以及新出现的挑战和解决方案。首先,概述了多电机驱动器的各种结构配置,包括并联、级联和混合配置。讨论了每种配置的特点、组成电机和变流器,以及针对特定应用选择特定配置的规则。其次,从不同性能要求的角度出发,讨论了用于多电机驱动的先进控制技术。然后,本文强调了与多电机驱动器相关的技术挑战,包括协调控制、相互干扰、通信、相互依赖的故障诊断和电能质量。同时,总结了应对这些挑战的可行解决方案。最后,讨论了多电机驱动领域进一步研究和发展的未来方向和机遇。通过这篇文章,学者和工程师们可以全面了解多电机驱动器的当前和未来发展,从而促进该领域的持续研究,并推动其成功集成到各种应用中。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Membership IEEE 会员
IF 20.6 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3388037
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引用次数: 0
Scanning the Issue 扫描问题
IF 20.6 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3391988
Nowadays, the use of multimotor drives has become prevalent across various modern industries due to high production efficiency, high redundancy, marked flexibility, and so on. For example, in the manufacturing industry, multimotor systems are used in conveyor systems, automated assembly lines, material handling systems, and motor control centers. In robotics, multimotor systems are used to control the movement and manipulation of robotic arms and end-effectors. As for transportation electrification, multiple motors serve as the distributed propulsion systems in electric/hybrid vehicles and all/more-electric aircraft. To meet industrial application demands, the leading global technology companies, such as ABB and Rockwell Automation, not only have developed their own representative world-class multimotor products but also continue to improve them. Overall, in light of the swift progress of industrial automation and electrification, there exists a growing demand for multimotor drives, ultimately resulting in a growing significance of the associated research.
如今,由于生产效率高、冗余度高、灵活性强等特点,多电机驱动已在现代各行各业中得到广泛应用。例如,在制造业中,多电机系统被用于输送系统、自动装配线、材料处理系统和电机控制中心。在机器人领域,多电机系统用于控制机械臂和末端执行器的运动和操纵。在交通电气化方面,多电机可作为电动/混合动力汽车和全电动/更多电动飞机的分布式推进系统。为了满足工业应用需求,ABB 和罗克韦尔自动化等全球领先的技术公司不仅开发出了各自具有代表性的世界级多电机产品,而且还在不断改进。总之,随着工业自动化和电气化的快速发展,对多电机驱动器的需求日益增长,最终导致相关研究的重要性不断提高。
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引用次数: 0
Proceedings of the IEEE Publication Information 电气和电子工程师学会论文集》出版信息
IF 20.6 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3388039
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引用次数: 0
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