Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08705-9
V. Erlandsson, J. Souto
{"title":"Mirzakhani’s Curve Counting and Geodesic Currents","authors":"V. Erlandsson, J. Souto","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-08705-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08705-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80016923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08234-4
J. Marín, J. M. Martell, D. Mitrea, I. Mitrea, M. Mitrea
{"title":"Singular Integral Operators, Quantitative Flatness, and Boundary Problems","authors":"J. Marín, J. M. Martell, D. Mitrea, I. Mitrea, M. Mitrea","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-08234-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08234-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73038288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fine material of natural clinoptilolite was used in order to study the performance on strontium removal. To study the saline effect based on learning from Fukushima accident, the effect of seawater to the nuclear effluent system is interested to be studied. The intrusion of seawater to the strontium waste treatment could affect the quality of the treatment process, especially in ion exchange techniques. Ion exchanges technique was conducted on the stable isotope of strontium. The saline water was applied for ion exchange process. A Varian 240 fs Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) machine was used to measuring the concentration in the liquid phase. The reduction of strontium ion in ion exchange process was found to be dramatically decreasing after contact with saline water due to the competition with potassium ion from saline water.
{"title":"The effect of saline water to the strontium waste treatment","authors":"M. Yusuf","doi":"10.1063/5.0058910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058910","url":null,"abstract":"A fine material of natural clinoptilolite was used in order to study the performance on strontium removal. To study the saline effect based on learning from Fukushima accident, the effect of seawater to the nuclear effluent system is interested to be studied. The intrusion of seawater to the strontium waste treatment could affect the quality of the treatment process, especially in ion exchange techniques. Ion exchanges technique was conducted on the stable isotope of strontium. The saline water was applied for ion exchange process. A Varian 240 fs Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) machine was used to measuring the concentration in the liquid phase. The reduction of strontium ion in ion exchange process was found to be dramatically decreasing after contact with saline water due to the competition with potassium ion from saline water.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74588181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tagetes erecta flowers contain nematoside compound α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) which are toxic to erythrocytes and human skin. In this study, analysis of the content of α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) in orange and yellow Tagetes erecta flowers originating from several areas in West Java by HPLC and LC-MS/MS have been studied. The flowers are dried in an oven at 45 °C, then crushed in a blender and sieved with a 0.35 µm sieve. The flower powder is then extracted with n-hexane using a waterbath shaker at 65 °C for 1 h. The solvent extraction then evaporated in a water bath until dry. The residue in the form of a thick extract is dissolved with ethanol, then filtered with a 0.45 µm membrane filter, then injected into the HPLC system. This filtered solution was also diluted 20 times with acetonitrile for analysis by LC-MS/MS. Content of α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) obtained from the HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis were not significantly different. The α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) peak is well separated from the other peaks. Orange flowers from each region contain higher α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) than yellow flowers. This method is sensitive and easy to do because it does not require further purification of the extract and uses a simple mobile phase.
{"title":"Analysis of α-terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″- terthiophene) in Indonesian Tagetes erecta flower by HPLC and LC-MS/MS","authors":"N. S. Zannah, A. Cahyana, A. Saefumillah","doi":"10.1063/5.0059813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059813","url":null,"abstract":"Tagetes erecta flowers contain nematoside compound α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) which are toxic to erythrocytes and human skin. In this study, analysis of the content of α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) in orange and yellow Tagetes erecta flowers originating from several areas in West Java by HPLC and LC-MS/MS have been studied. The flowers are dried in an oven at 45 °C, then crushed in a blender and sieved with a 0.35 µm sieve. The flower powder is then extracted with n-hexane using a waterbath shaker at 65 °C for 1 h. The solvent extraction then evaporated in a water bath until dry. The residue in the form of a thick extract is dissolved with ethanol, then filtered with a 0.45 µm membrane filter, then injected into the HPLC system. This filtered solution was also diluted 20 times with acetonitrile for analysis by LC-MS/MS. Content of α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) obtained from the HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis were not significantly different. The α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) peak is well separated from the other peaks. Orange flowers from each region contain higher α-Terthienyl (2,2′:5′,2″-Terthiophene) than yellow flowers. This method is sensitive and easy to do because it does not require further purification of the extract and uses a simple mobile phase.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77725714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of gravitational wave GW 170817, which was observed after the binary neutron star merger, can be put to use for tightly constraining the mass and radius of neutron stars. We calculate the mass and radius of neutron stars using a parameterized post-TOV model. The model has several free parameters that provide more flexibility than that of standard general relativity (GR) compared to the observational data. We have found that for a particular combination of the corresponding free parameters, the post-TOV model’s mass-radius predictions are compatible with those of GW170817 data.
{"title":"Neutron star properties in parameterized post-TOV model","authors":"S. Tedja, A. Sulaksono","doi":"10.1063/5.0058701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058701","url":null,"abstract":"The results of gravitational wave GW 170817, which was observed after the binary neutron star merger, can be put to use for tightly constraining the mass and radius of neutron stars. We calculate the mass and radius of neutron stars using a parameterized post-TOV model. The model has several free parameters that provide more flexibility than that of standard general relativity (GR) compared to the observational data. We have found that for a particular combination of the corresponding free parameters, the post-TOV model’s mass-radius predictions are compatible with those of GW170817 data.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79371362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite lanthanum mangantites La0.825Sr0.175Mn0.9(Fe1-xNix)0.1O3 with x = 0; 0.5; 1 has been successfully prepared with the sol-gel method. The XRD pattern shows that all samples are single phase with no impurities. The result of refinement measurements using the Rietveld method showed that the samples formed rhombohedral with group space R-3c. the addition of doping concentration (x) does not change the crystal structure, but only causes a decrease in lattice parameter, unit cell volume, increases Mn – O – Mn bond angle, and changes the length of Mn – O bond. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (τ) is calculated to define the stability of the crystal structure. It was found a little uniqueness of the calculation that the τ obtained for all samples has a slight difference with the reference of the τ. In the reference of τ, for the value of τ < 0.96 the material will have an orthorombic structure. Whereas for 0.89 < τ < 1, the material will have a rhombohedral structure. However, in the material La0.825Sr0.175Mn0.9(Fe1-xNix)0.1O3 it was found that the structure formed was rhombohedral with τ = 0.847 – 0.876. This is because the material is in the orthorhombic and rhombohedral phase transition regions.
{"title":"Effect of TM (TM = Fe, Ni) doping on the structure and morphology of La0.825Sr0.175Mn0.9(Fe1-xNix)0.1O3 perovskite manganite","authors":"D. S. Pratama, B. Kurniawan, D. R. Munazat","doi":"10.1063/5.0061167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0061167","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite lanthanum mangantites La0.825Sr0.175Mn0.9(Fe1-xNix)0.1O3 with x = 0; 0.5; 1 has been successfully prepared with the sol-gel method. The XRD pattern shows that all samples are single phase with no impurities. The result of refinement measurements using the Rietveld method showed that the samples formed rhombohedral with group space R-3c. the addition of doping concentration (x) does not change the crystal structure, but only causes a decrease in lattice parameter, unit cell volume, increases Mn – O – Mn bond angle, and changes the length of Mn – O bond. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (τ) is calculated to define the stability of the crystal structure. It was found a little uniqueness of the calculation that the τ obtained for all samples has a slight difference with the reference of the τ. In the reference of τ, for the value of τ < 0.96 the material will have an orthorombic structure. Whereas for 0.89 < τ < 1, the material will have a rhombohedral structure. However, in the material La0.825Sr0.175Mn0.9(Fe1-xNix)0.1O3 it was found that the structure formed was rhombohedral with τ = 0.847 – 0.876. This is because the material is in the orthorhombic and rhombohedral phase transition regions.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"PP 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85019833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioplastic as an alternative to conventional plastic was synthesized through a crosslinking method by adding maleic acid to reduce the mobility of the structure and to increase the mechanical strength of plastic. The plastic was then reinforced with two different fillers, pure cellulose and cellulose palmitate, which is useful to reduce the level of water intake and increase the strength of the crosslinked PVA/starch. The plastics were then characterized and tested in the level of tensile strength, and swelling ability.
{"title":"Synthesis of bioplastic based on PVA-starch through crosslinking method with maleic acid reinforced by palmitic cellulose filler","authors":"A. T. Fachrezzy, N. M. Nizardo, E. Saepudin","doi":"10.1063/5.0059786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059786","url":null,"abstract":"Bioplastic as an alternative to conventional plastic was synthesized through a crosslinking method by adding maleic acid to reduce the mobility of the structure and to increase the mechanical strength of plastic. The plastic was then reinforced with two different fillers, pure cellulose and cellulose palmitate, which is useful to reduce the level of water intake and increase the strength of the crosslinked PVA/starch. The plastics were then characterized and tested in the level of tensile strength, and swelling ability.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85059268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia research reactors have been operating for more than 30 years. In other words, the reactors have been already obsolete or aged. Ageing of structures, systems and components (SSC) may influence the safety level of the reactor. The SSC that needs attention is the instrumentation and control (I&C) system. This system has other problems besides ageing caused by the degradation of its function, i.e. the absence of a replacement component because the component is no longer manufactured. In addition, the analog I&C system developed in the existing reactors, is no longer relevant to the current technological developments, so the degradation of this instrumentation system may not meet safety requirements, or cannot meet the needs of the operator, it needs to be replaced with a new system that available in the market today, usually the system will be changed gradually to digital or modular, by preserving sensors, actuators and cabling. The provisions concerning the I&C systems of research reactor are not accommodated in a BAPETEN Regulation (BR), but they have been accommodated in the relevant BR, for example design, operation, etc. The trend of the BR topic that will be made in the future is based on the installation phase, for example design, construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning of research reactor. It is necessary to conduct an assessment of the research reactor I&C systems, to accommodate the provisions regarding I&C systems. The purpose of the assessment is to provide input to the Regulation Directorate to draft BR related to the I&C systems. The assessment method is identifying the provisions of I&C systems that are already exist in BR. The next step is to explore the available international literature, especially official IAEA documents. We have conducted an assessment of existing BCR and some input for BAPETEN Regulation (BR) drafting: provision regarding design considerations for ageing, provision regarding I&C system modification and modernization, provision regarding reliability of design (redundancy and the single failure criterion, common cause failure, independence, diversity, failure modes, fail-safe), provision regarding control rooms. We recommend for a new BR regarding I&C systems for research reactor.
{"title":"Indonesian research reactors I&C system regulation","authors":"A. Isnaeni, F. R. Firmanda, Z. Zulfiandri, B. Aji","doi":"10.1063/5.0059006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059006","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia research reactors have been operating for more than 30 years. In other words, the reactors have been already obsolete or aged. Ageing of structures, systems and components (SSC) may influence the safety level of the reactor. The SSC that needs attention is the instrumentation and control (I&C) system. This system has other problems besides ageing caused by the degradation of its function, i.e. the absence of a replacement component because the component is no longer manufactured. In addition, the analog I&C system developed in the existing reactors, is no longer relevant to the current technological developments, so the degradation of this instrumentation system may not meet safety requirements, or cannot meet the needs of the operator, it needs to be replaced with a new system that available in the market today, usually the system will be changed gradually to digital or modular, by preserving sensors, actuators and cabling. The provisions concerning the I&C systems of research reactor are not accommodated in a BAPETEN Regulation (BR), but they have been accommodated in the relevant BR, for example design, operation, etc. The trend of the BR topic that will be made in the future is based on the installation phase, for example design, construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning of research reactor. It is necessary to conduct an assessment of the research reactor I&C systems, to accommodate the provisions regarding I&C systems. The purpose of the assessment is to provide input to the Regulation Directorate to draft BR related to the I&C systems. The assessment method is identifying the provisions of I&C systems that are already exist in BR. The next step is to explore the available international literature, especially official IAEA documents. We have conducted an assessment of existing BCR and some input for BAPETEN Regulation (BR) drafting: provision regarding design considerations for ageing, provision regarding I&C system modification and modernization, provision regarding reliability of design (redundancy and the single failure criterion, common cause failure, independence, diversity, failure modes, fail-safe), provision regarding control rooms. We recommend for a new BR regarding I&C systems for research reactor.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80366071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of temperature distribution within a nuclear fuel rod is needed to be performed for safety purpose. The maximum fuel temperature must be ensured to be not exceeding the fuel integrity limit to prevent the release of hazardous fission products to the environment. The fuel temperature distribution is obtained through the calculation of the heat transfer process within the fuel rod. The multiple heat transfer processes with various heat transfer modes involved in transporting the fission heat generation in the fuel meat to the coolant are interesting and important to be studied in detail to verify the safety aspect of nuclear fuel. This paper aims to show the applicability of CFD FLUENT and analytical solution in calculating the temperature distribution within a nuclear fuel rod. The CFD FLUENT simulation was performed using the two-dimensional axisymmetric model and the three-dimensional model, while the analytical solution was performed using the one-dimensional heat conduction equation and an energy balance equation. The calculations were performed in both laminar and turbulent coolant flow regime cases. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the fuel properties which has a significant contribution to the fuel meat temperature. The results show that the two-dimensional and three-dimensional CFD FLUENT simulations and the analytical solution give similar results in calculating the fuel rod temperature distribution in laminar and turbulent coolant flow cases. Both CFD FLUENT and analytical solution can show the distribution profiles of coolant average temperature, cladding outer surface temperature, cladding inner surface temperature, fuel meat surface temperature, and fuel meat centerline temperature. The distribution of coolant temperature near the cladding surface was only provided by CFD calculation. Unfortunately, the results of CFD FLUENT simulation and analytical solution do not agree with the experimental result available in the literature due to the limitation of CFD FLUENT. Another result of this work reveals that fuel meat conductivity, gap conductivity and heat generation distribution have a significant role in predicting the fuel rod temperature accurately. Finally, this work concludes that the CFD FLUENT simulation and a simple analytical solution are capable in predicting the fuel temperature distribution by calculating the heat transfer within a fuel rod and the heat removal from the fuel to the coolant. Further work is still needed to conduct the verification and validation of the CFD FLUENT and analytical solution results.
{"title":"Analysis of nuclear fuel rod temperature distribution using CFD calculation and analytical solution","authors":"D. H. Sukarno","doi":"10.1063/5.0058888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058888","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of temperature distribution within a nuclear fuel rod is needed to be performed for safety purpose. The maximum fuel temperature must be ensured to be not exceeding the fuel integrity limit to prevent the release of hazardous fission products to the environment. The fuel temperature distribution is obtained through the calculation of the heat transfer process within the fuel rod. The multiple heat transfer processes with various heat transfer modes involved in transporting the fission heat generation in the fuel meat to the coolant are interesting and important to be studied in detail to verify the safety aspect of nuclear fuel. This paper aims to show the applicability of CFD FLUENT and analytical solution in calculating the temperature distribution within a nuclear fuel rod. The CFD FLUENT simulation was performed using the two-dimensional axisymmetric model and the three-dimensional model, while the analytical solution was performed using the one-dimensional heat conduction equation and an energy balance equation. The calculations were performed in both laminar and turbulent coolant flow regime cases. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the fuel properties which has a significant contribution to the fuel meat temperature. The results show that the two-dimensional and three-dimensional CFD FLUENT simulations and the analytical solution give similar results in calculating the fuel rod temperature distribution in laminar and turbulent coolant flow cases. Both CFD FLUENT and analytical solution can show the distribution profiles of coolant average temperature, cladding outer surface temperature, cladding inner surface temperature, fuel meat surface temperature, and fuel meat centerline temperature. The distribution of coolant temperature near the cladding surface was only provided by CFD calculation. Unfortunately, the results of CFD FLUENT simulation and analytical solution do not agree with the experimental result available in the literature due to the limitation of CFD FLUENT. Another result of this work reveals that fuel meat conductivity, gap conductivity and heat generation distribution have a significant role in predicting the fuel rod temperature accurately. Finally, this work concludes that the CFD FLUENT simulation and a simple analytical solution are capable in predicting the fuel temperature distribution by calculating the heat transfer within a fuel rod and the heat removal from the fuel to the coolant. Further work is still needed to conduct the verification and validation of the CFD FLUENT and analytical solution results.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82226156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research of hydrogel and responsive polymer has been developed rapidly. Advance technologies have made it easier to make a hydrogel based on responsive polymers. One area that has been investigated is the pH sensitivity of polymers and hydrogels. In this research, the synthesis and optimization of pH-responsive P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogels by free radical polymerization using methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator, were conducted. The purpose of this research is to investigate the best contexture of P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogels which had the best swelling ratio by varying the monomer ratio and the concentration of crosslinkers. The results of this study showed that the swelling ratio of homopolymer and copolymer hydrogels increased by the increasing number of acrylamide monomer added. The optimum swelling of P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogel was achieved on monomer composition NMA:AM 40:60 with MBA concentration of 4 % and the pH with the highest swelling ratio of P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogels was achieved in pH ranging 5–7.
{"title":"The effect of monomer ratio and crosslinker concentration on swelling behavior of pH-responsive poly(hydroxymethyl acrylamide-co-acrylamide)","authors":"M. Rizky, N. M. Nizardo","doi":"10.1063/5.0058725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058725","url":null,"abstract":"Research of hydrogel and responsive polymer has been developed rapidly. Advance technologies have made it easier to make a hydrogel based on responsive polymers. One area that has been investigated is the pH sensitivity of polymers and hydrogels. In this research, the synthesis and optimization of pH-responsive P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogels by free radical polymerization using methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator, were conducted. The purpose of this research is to investigate the best contexture of P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogels which had the best swelling ratio by varying the monomer ratio and the concentration of crosslinkers. The results of this study showed that the swelling ratio of homopolymer and copolymer hydrogels increased by the increasing number of acrylamide monomer added. The optimum swelling of P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogel was achieved on monomer composition NMA:AM 40:60 with MBA concentration of 4 % and the pH with the highest swelling ratio of P(NMA-co-AM) hydrogels was achieved in pH ranging 5–7.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82300755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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