A system requirement analysis for developing an information system in the review and assessment process in P2STFRZR (Pusat Pengkajian Sistem dan Teknologi Pengawasan Fasilitas Radiasi dan Zat Radioaktif) has been conducted. The need for this type of software development was based on the recommendation on the effectivity survey held in the previous year. The results of the survey recommended developing an information system to provide systematic and trackable progress in the review and assessment process as well as a repository for the report in P2STPFRZR. By having the information system, the performance of P2STPFRZR, and the effectivity of the review and assessment is expected to improve. The system requirement analysis highlights the function representing the real-life process of review and assessment. In real life, the result of review and assessment is used as the basis for decision making by the licensing division in the regulatory body. The systematic process with clear communication needed to be considered and included in the system requirement analysis. Only the initial phase of the waterfall modeling method is used in this paper. The analysis results have been transferred into the use case diagram showing the intended function by the user in the system and what the system can do in the future. The result is intended to be the trigger for system design by the responsible party in BAPETEN.
对P2STFRZR (Pusat Pengkajian system dan Teknologi Pengawasan Fasilitas Radiasi dan Zat Radioaktif)在审查和评估过程中开发信息系统进行了系统需求分析。对这种类型的软件开发的需要是基于对前一年进行的有效性调查的建议。调查结果建议开发一个信息系统，以便在审查和评估过程中提供系统和可跟踪的进展，并在P2STPFRZR中建立一个报告存储库。通过建立信息系统，P2STPFRZR的绩效和评审评估的有效性有望得到提高。系统需求分析突出了反映实际评审和评估过程的功能。在现实生活中，审查和评估的结果被监管机构的许可部门用作决策的依据。需要在系统需求分析中考虑并包括具有清晰沟通的系统过程。本文只采用了瀑布建模方法的初始阶段。分析结果被转移到用例图中，用例图显示了用户在系统中的预期功能以及系统将来可以做什么。该结果旨在作为BAPETEN负责人进行系统设计的触发器。
{"title":"System requirement analysis for the initial development of the information system of review and assessment process in P2STPFRZR-BAPETEN","authors":"L. Astuti, S. Supriatno","doi":"10.1063/5.0058975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058975","url":null,"abstract":"A system requirement analysis for developing an information system in the review and assessment process in P2STFRZR (Pusat Pengkajian Sistem dan Teknologi Pengawasan Fasilitas Radiasi dan Zat Radioaktif) has been conducted. The need for this type of software development was based on the recommendation on the effectivity survey held in the previous year. The results of the survey recommended developing an information system to provide systematic and trackable progress in the review and assessment process as well as a repository for the report in P2STPFRZR. By having the information system, the performance of P2STPFRZR, and the effectivity of the review and assessment is expected to improve. The system requirement analysis highlights the function representing the real-life process of review and assessment. In real life, the result of review and assessment is used as the basis for decision making by the licensing division in the regulatory body. The systematic process with clear communication needed to be considered and included in the system requirement analysis. Only the initial phase of the waterfall modeling method is used in this paper. The analysis results have been transferred into the use case diagram showing the intended function by the user in the system and what the system can do in the future. The result is intended to be the trigger for system design by the responsible party in BAPETEN.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78291040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pyrazolone derivates are compounds that widely found in biological activity. Thus, this compound commonly used in drugs production and product synthesis. In this study, pyrazolone derivatives were synthesized by Fe3O4 nano magnetic catalyst. The nano-magnetic Fe3O4 catalyst is made from iron rust and used cooking oil. Synthesis of nanomagnetic Fe3O4 is supported by characterization analysis using FTIR, XRD, EDS and SEM. Edaravone is a pyrazolone compound synthesized with ethyl acetoacetate and phenyl hydrazine. Edaravone produces a yield of 98.55 %. The synthesis pyrazolone derivate is done by mixing edaravone and aryl aldehyde like cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. Compounds 1 and 3 were synthesized under optimum conditions. Nevertheless, compound 2 was synthesized with optimum time and temperature using 10 % by weight of the catalyst. Compound 1, compound 2, and compound 3 yields were 48.8 %, 30.4 %, and 16.04 % respectively. The formed products were determined by TLC, FTIR, UV-Vis and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity tests were carried out using compound 1, 2, and 3 with concentrations of 250 ppm.
{"title":"Synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives compound using nanomagnetic Fe3O4 catalyst from waste cooking oil and iron rust and antioxidant activity test","authors":"S. Pratiwi, A. Cahyana","doi":"10.1063/5.0059243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059243","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrazolone derivates are compounds that widely found in biological activity. Thus, this compound commonly used in drugs production and product synthesis. In this study, pyrazolone derivatives were synthesized by Fe3O4 nano magnetic catalyst. The nano-magnetic Fe3O4 catalyst is made from iron rust and used cooking oil. Synthesis of nanomagnetic Fe3O4 is supported by characterization analysis using FTIR, XRD, EDS and SEM. Edaravone is a pyrazolone compound synthesized with ethyl acetoacetate and phenyl hydrazine. Edaravone produces a yield of 98.55 %. The synthesis pyrazolone derivate is done by mixing edaravone and aryl aldehyde like cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. Compounds 1 and 3 were synthesized under optimum conditions. Nevertheless, compound 2 was synthesized with optimum time and temperature using 10 % by weight of the catalyst. Compound 1, compound 2, and compound 3 yields were 48.8 %, 30.4 %, and 16.04 % respectively. The formed products were determined by TLC, FTIR, UV-Vis and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity tests were carried out using compound 1, 2, and 3 with concentrations of 250 ppm.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81443820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study on regulatory concepts of proven in NPP technology for the case of Indonesia has been carried out. Indonesia as an embarking country has issued several regulations related to the proven of NPP technology. According to the IAEA international standard, good regulations and guidelines among others should be adequate and comprehensive. It also states that the purpose of regulations and guidelines is to ensure the stability and consistency of regulatory oversight and to confirm impartiality in regulatory decision making. They must be adequate in establishing principles, requirements and criteria to be used for assessing compliance, and are consistent and comprehensive. Thus, this paper will discuss whether the concept of proven in NPP technology of Indonesian regulations are adequate and comprehensive. This is a very important question to be asked, because the current regulations on this topic have never been executed in a real NPP project and that the function of regulation is to ensure that the design and technology for the upcoming NPP could provide safety assurance in an acceptable level, and for sure could prevent an event similar to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident from happen. The study was descriptive, analytic and qualitative in nature, and conducted by reviewing the applicability of internationally acceptable references such as international agreements that Indonesia is the contracting party and some relevant international safety requirement standards, as well as regulations and guidelines from countries that has built NPP technology, and then comparing them with the existing regulations in Indonesia. This paper concludes that basically regulations in Indonesia related to the proven of NPP technology are in line with the international agreements and standards. Furthermore, there is still a wide room for improvement in these regulations. Among others, by introducing the concept of proven design and construction, proven codes and standards, and proven procedures, and especially regarding the acceptance criteria for all types of these proven attributes. The results of this study, and relevant regulations and guidelines from countries that have built NPP technology, may be used as a reference for developing a road map to enhance national regulations and the implementing guidelines.
{"title":"Regulatory concepts of proven in NPP technology: A case study of Indonesia","authors":"R. Alamsyah","doi":"10.1063/5.0058870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058870","url":null,"abstract":"A study on regulatory concepts of proven in NPP technology for the case of Indonesia has been carried out. Indonesia as an embarking country has issued several regulations related to the proven of NPP technology. According to the IAEA international standard, good regulations and guidelines among others should be adequate and comprehensive. It also states that the purpose of regulations and guidelines is to ensure the stability and consistency of regulatory oversight and to confirm impartiality in regulatory decision making. They must be adequate in establishing principles, requirements and criteria to be used for assessing compliance, and are consistent and comprehensive. Thus, this paper will discuss whether the concept of proven in NPP technology of Indonesian regulations are adequate and comprehensive. This is a very important question to be asked, because the current regulations on this topic have never been executed in a real NPP project and that the function of regulation is to ensure that the design and technology for the upcoming NPP could provide safety assurance in an acceptable level, and for sure could prevent an event similar to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident from happen. The study was descriptive, analytic and qualitative in nature, and conducted by reviewing the applicability of internationally acceptable references such as international agreements that Indonesia is the contracting party and some relevant international safety requirement standards, as well as regulations and guidelines from countries that has built NPP technology, and then comparing them with the existing regulations in Indonesia. This paper concludes that basically regulations in Indonesia related to the proven of NPP technology are in line with the international agreements and standards. Furthermore, there is still a wide room for improvement in these regulations. Among others, by introducing the concept of proven design and construction, proven codes and standards, and proven procedures, and especially regarding the acceptance criteria for all types of these proven attributes. The results of this study, and relevant regulations and guidelines from countries that have built NPP technology, may be used as a reference for developing a road map to enhance national regulations and the implementing guidelines.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85896643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photons and neutron beam characteristics of the variant Clinac 2300EX were obtained from simulation and computation using the MCNP6 software. The electron beam energies of 10 MeV and 15 MeV were applied in this study. The source of the electrons is the cathode, which is a filament accelerated at high voltage until it hits the target metal and produces X-rays. The X-rays are directed towards the phantom which is 100 cm from the source. The primary purpose of these measurements is the radiation safety for radiation workers and the public. Measurement of photon and neutron doses are carried out on the patient table, operator station, behind doors and in waiting rooms. The results were the neutron dose rate when 10 MV on the patient table, operator station, behind the wall, and waiting room were (1.183 ± 0.040) × 10−4, respectively; 0; (6.836 ± 0.719) × 10−11; (4.100 ± 0.710) × 10−11 Sv / s, while the respective photon dose rates are (2.643 ± 0.006 × 10−3; 0; 0; 0) Sv / s. At 15 MV the results of the neutron dose rate were on the patient table, operator’s station, behind the door, and the waiting room for (6.888 ± 0.007) ± 10−3; (6.068 ± 0.461) ± 10−10; (4.360 ± 0.019) ± 10−9; (2.025 ± 0.125) ± 10−9 Sv / s, while their respective photon dose rates were (6.711 ± 0.004) ± 10−3; 0; 0; 0) Sv / s. From the results of dose rate measurement, the total effective dose received by radiation workers and the public in the radiotherapy unit was predicted and the results were compared with the dose limit value (NBD) set by Bapeten. The result is that the total effective dose received by workers and the public waiting for the patient does not exceed the set threshold value.
{"title":"Evaluation of photon and neutron dose distribution in radiotherapy room from the Varian Clinac 2300EX 10 MV and 15 MV medical LINAC for radiation protection purposes using MCNP6","authors":"A. Sari, Riyatun, F. Anwar, Suharyana","doi":"10.1063/5.0059232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059232","url":null,"abstract":"The photons and neutron beam characteristics of the variant Clinac 2300EX were obtained from simulation and computation using the MCNP6 software. The electron beam energies of 10 MeV and 15 MeV were applied in this study. The source of the electrons is the cathode, which is a filament accelerated at high voltage until it hits the target metal and produces X-rays. The X-rays are directed towards the phantom which is 100 cm from the source. The primary purpose of these measurements is the radiation safety for radiation workers and the public. Measurement of photon and neutron doses are carried out on the patient table, operator station, behind doors and in waiting rooms. The results were the neutron dose rate when 10 MV on the patient table, operator station, behind the wall, and waiting room were (1.183 ± 0.040) × 10−4, respectively; 0; (6.836 ± 0.719) × 10−11; (4.100 ± 0.710) × 10−11 Sv / s, while the respective photon dose rates are (2.643 ± 0.006 × 10−3; 0; 0; 0) Sv / s. At 15 MV the results of the neutron dose rate were on the patient table, operator’s station, behind the door, and the waiting room for (6.888 ± 0.007) ± 10−3; (6.068 ± 0.461) ± 10−10; (4.360 ± 0.019) ± 10−9; (2.025 ± 0.125) ± 10−9 Sv / s, while their respective photon dose rates were (6.711 ± 0.004) ± 10−3; 0; 0; 0) Sv / s. From the results of dose rate measurement, the total effective dose received by radiation workers and the public in the radiotherapy unit was predicted and the results were compared with the dose limit value (NBD) set by Bapeten. The result is that the total effective dose received by workers and the public waiting for the patient does not exceed the set threshold value.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91494618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Influenza is an infectious disease that can threaten the lives of people at high risk of complications. As vaccines are expected to strongly aid the prevention of diseases such as influenza and COVID-19, this research discusses how a modification of the well-known Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SVIRS) model can help prevent these diseases. This study involves employing a combination of vaccination and social distancing as a means of preventing these diseases. The SVIRS model divides the human population into four subpopulations:, those susceptible to influenza, vaccinated, infected, and recovered from influenza. Subpopulations of people who have been given the vaccine are also assumed to be susceptible to influenza, owing to the imperfect effectiveness of the vaccine. Also, since immunity to the disease is not life-long, there is a possibility that recovered individuals may get re-infected. Analytical studies of the nondimensionalization process and the existence and stability of the equilibrium points were carried out on the model, using the bifurcation analysis. Finally, a few numerical simulations were carried out using several scenarios of vaccination and social distancing strategies. Our model indicated the possibility of backward bifurcation at ℛ0 = 1. Based on the analytical studies, ℛ0 gave an insight to determine the best strategy that can be used to prevent the spread of influenza among the population.
{"title":"Using the SVIRS model to understand the prevention strategy for influenza with vaccination","authors":"H. Husnulkhotimah, R. Rusin, D. Aldila","doi":"10.1063/5.0058692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058692","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is an infectious disease that can threaten the lives of people at high risk of complications. As vaccines are expected to strongly aid the prevention of diseases such as influenza and COVID-19, this research discusses how a modification of the well-known Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SVIRS) model can help prevent these diseases. This study involves employing a combination of vaccination and social distancing as a means of preventing these diseases. The SVIRS model divides the human population into four subpopulations:, those susceptible to influenza, vaccinated, infected, and recovered from influenza. Subpopulations of people who have been given the vaccine are also assumed to be susceptible to influenza, owing to the imperfect effectiveness of the vaccine. Also, since immunity to the disease is not life-long, there is a possibility that recovered individuals may get re-infected. Analytical studies of the nondimensionalization process and the existence and stability of the equilibrium points were carried out on the model, using the bifurcation analysis. Finally, a few numerical simulations were carried out using several scenarios of vaccination and social distancing strategies. Our model indicated the possibility of backward bifurcation at ℛ0 = 1. Based on the analytical studies, ℛ0 gave an insight to determine the best strategy that can be used to prevent the spread of influenza among the population.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90331595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hendrika, A. Soffan, M. Althaf, S. Amanda, R. Fani, P. Tampubolon, R. Lestari
The Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq.) is one of the mushrooms that is easily cultivated. Most Indonesian mushroom farmers are using sawdust as a base material for growth media of oyster mushroom. In an effort to prevent decrease in the availability of sawdust, alternative base materials are needed to reduce the cost. This research aims to determine the mycelium growth on every tested substrate and to know the effect of rice bran addition in oyster mushroom’s mycelium growth rate. This research used sawdust, grass straw, and rice husk as the substrates. The effect of the presence of rice bran was done by adding rice bran to the substrate. This research used treatment composition as follows: M1 (sawdust 800 g and rice bran 204 g), M2 (sawdust 800 g), M3 (grass straw 400 g and rice bran 204 g), M4 (grass straw 400 g), M5 (rice husk 800 g and rice bran 204 g), and M6 (rice husk 800 g). The results showed that M2, M4, and M6 have mycelium 44.37 %, 28.54 % and 24.58 % respectively in 21 DAI. Our results indicate that we can use sawdust without adding rice bran as the base material to reduce the cost or substitute the sawdust with grass straw and without added rice bran to be an alternative base material for growth media.
{"title":"Application and composition of sawdust, grass straw, rice husk, and rice bran for white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq.) growth media using hydrated lime sterilization","authors":"A. Hendrika, A. Soffan, M. Althaf, S. Amanda, R. Fani, P. Tampubolon, R. Lestari","doi":"10.1063/5.0059274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059274","url":null,"abstract":"The Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq.) is one of the mushrooms that is easily cultivated. Most Indonesian mushroom farmers are using sawdust as a base material for growth media of oyster mushroom. In an effort to prevent decrease in the availability of sawdust, alternative base materials are needed to reduce the cost. This research aims to determine the mycelium growth on every tested substrate and to know the effect of rice bran addition in oyster mushroom’s mycelium growth rate. This research used sawdust, grass straw, and rice husk as the substrates. The effect of the presence of rice bran was done by adding rice bran to the substrate. This research used treatment composition as follows: M1 (sawdust 800 g and rice bran 204 g), M2 (sawdust 800 g), M3 (grass straw 400 g and rice bran 204 g), M4 (grass straw 400 g), M5 (rice husk 800 g and rice bran 204 g), and M6 (rice husk 800 g). The results showed that M2, M4, and M6 have mycelium 44.37 %, 28.54 % and 24.58 % respectively in 21 DAI. Our results indicate that we can use sawdust without adding rice bran as the base material to reduce the cost or substitute the sawdust with grass straw and without added rice bran to be an alternative base material for growth media.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86938431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. G. Fadhilah, I. Santoso, A. E. Maryanto, Yasman
The phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum a devastating fungal that causes plant disease. In this study, we observed the potential of three bacilli strains, Bacillus sp. KRG, KRT dan LDR as biocontrol against Colletotrichum sp. KA. Antagonist test using streak and pour plate dual culture method showed that all the Bacillus strains could inhibit growth of Colletotrichum sp. KA. The inhibition percentage by non-delayed antagonist assay using streak technique from Bacillus KRG, KRT and LDR were 47.88 %, 46.39 % and 46.49 % respectively. The inhibition increased in the delayed antagonist assay because the Bacillus strains were inoculated one day prior to Colletotrichum sp. KA. The inhibition percentage by delayed assay of Bacillus sp. KRG, KRT and LDR were 58.72 %, 55.10 % and 61.10 % respectively. The pour plate method indicated most affected technique to inhibit Colletotrichum sp. KA. It was indicated by growth of hyphae Colletotrichum sp. KA could not be observed or represented almost 100 % inhibited.
{"title":"Antifungal potential from Bacillus sp. against phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sp.","authors":"Q. G. Fadhilah, I. Santoso, A. E. Maryanto, Yasman","doi":"10.1063/5.0058769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058769","url":null,"abstract":"The phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum a devastating fungal that causes plant disease. In this study, we observed the potential of three bacilli strains, Bacillus sp. KRG, KRT dan LDR as biocontrol against Colletotrichum sp. KA. Antagonist test using streak and pour plate dual culture method showed that all the Bacillus strains could inhibit growth of Colletotrichum sp. KA. The inhibition percentage by non-delayed antagonist assay using streak technique from Bacillus KRG, KRT and LDR were 47.88 %, 46.39 % and 46.49 % respectively. The inhibition increased in the delayed antagonist assay because the Bacillus strains were inoculated one day prior to Colletotrichum sp. KA. The inhibition percentage by delayed assay of Bacillus sp. KRG, KRT and LDR were 58.72 %, 55.10 % and 61.10 % respectively. The pour plate method indicated most affected technique to inhibit Colletotrichum sp. KA. It was indicated by growth of hyphae Colletotrichum sp. KA could not be observed or represented almost 100 % inhibited.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"351 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82596158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Santoso, Q. G. Fadhilah, A. E. Maryanto, Yasman
Three potential Bacillus sp. strain, KRG, KRT, and LDR from cocopeat was known to have antagonistic activity against fungal pathogen. The antagonistic activity represented the potency of three isolates as biocontrol agent. In this study, the growth and extracellular enzyme of three isolates will be characterized and also the selected bacterium was identified based on 16S rRNA. The growth of Bacillus sp. strains were characterized in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) with various pH medium and temperature incubation. The three isolates can growth at 30–45 °C, meanwhile KRG can grew up to 50 °C. The optimum temperature growth of LDR was 30–45 °C. All of isolates can grow in medium with pH 5–8 with optimal growth for LDR in pH 7–8. Extracellular enzyme assay showed all isolates can produce amylase, lipase, protease, and gelatinase. Molecular identification showed that selected strain LDR is closed to Bacillus siamensis and has 99.52 % similarity with Bacillus siamensis KCTC 13613 strain PD-A10.
{"title":"Characterization of potential biocontrol agent Bacillus sp.","authors":"I. Santoso, Q. G. Fadhilah, A. E. Maryanto, Yasman","doi":"10.1063/5.0058783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058783","url":null,"abstract":"Three potential Bacillus sp. strain, KRG, KRT, and LDR from cocopeat was known to have antagonistic activity against fungal pathogen. The antagonistic activity represented the potency of three isolates as biocontrol agent. In this study, the growth and extracellular enzyme of three isolates will be characterized and also the selected bacterium was identified based on 16S rRNA. The growth of Bacillus sp. strains were characterized in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) with various pH medium and temperature incubation. The three isolates can growth at 30–45 °C, meanwhile KRG can grew up to 50 °C. The optimum temperature growth of LDR was 30–45 °C. All of isolates can grow in medium with pH 5–8 with optimal growth for LDR in pH 7–8. Extracellular enzyme assay showed all isolates can produce amylase, lipase, protease, and gelatinase. Molecular identification showed that selected strain LDR is closed to Bacillus siamensis and has 99.52 % similarity with Bacillus siamensis KCTC 13613 strain PD-A10.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82809863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To maintain financial stability and to effectively manage risk, an insurer will partially reinsure the loss to a reinsurance company. Two of the most often used reinsurance contracts are quota-share and stop-loss. In quota-share, the loss will be split based on a fixed proportion and the reinsurance premium depends on the value of the proportion, while in stop-loss the loss will be split depending on the retention value. In the hope that these two types of reinsurance can cover each other weaknesses, this study combines both quota-share and stop-loss reinsurance. Subsequently, to get a good coverage for the insurer, it is necessary to find the optimal proportion and retention value. One way to do so is using risk measure optimization. The smaller the value of the risk measure, the smaller the loss borne by the insurer. The risk measure used in this paper is Conditional-Tail-Expectation (CTE), where it involves Value-at-Risk (VaR) in its calculation. Calculated using the expected value principle, the reinsurance premium is used as a constraint in the CTE optimization for each of the reinsurance combinations, which are stop-loss after quota-share and quota-share after stop-loss. By optimizing CTE, it is found that each combination produces the same minimal CTE, so both reinsurance combinations are optimal for use by the insurer. By using different distributions, it is seen that the minimal CTE depends on the distribution’s tail behavior. Furthermore, in determining the minimal value, the conditions that are used in optimization using CTE are different from VaR.
{"title":"Optimal reinsurance combination of quota-share and stop-loss reinsurance based on conditional-tail-expectation (CTE) optimization","authors":"Y. Orvin, S. Nurrohmah, I. Fithriani","doi":"10.1063/5.0059048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059048","url":null,"abstract":"To maintain financial stability and to effectively manage risk, an insurer will partially reinsure the loss to a reinsurance company. Two of the most often used reinsurance contracts are quota-share and stop-loss. In quota-share, the loss will be split based on a fixed proportion and the reinsurance premium depends on the value of the proportion, while in stop-loss the loss will be split depending on the retention value. In the hope that these two types of reinsurance can cover each other weaknesses, this study combines both quota-share and stop-loss reinsurance. Subsequently, to get a good coverage for the insurer, it is necessary to find the optimal proportion and retention value. One way to do so is using risk measure optimization. The smaller the value of the risk measure, the smaller the loss borne by the insurer. The risk measure used in this paper is Conditional-Tail-Expectation (CTE), where it involves Value-at-Risk (VaR) in its calculation. Calculated using the expected value principle, the reinsurance premium is used as a constraint in the CTE optimization for each of the reinsurance combinations, which are stop-loss after quota-share and quota-share after stop-loss. By optimizing CTE, it is found that each combination produces the same minimal CTE, so both reinsurance combinations are optimal for use by the insurer. By using different distributions, it is seen that the minimal CTE depends on the distribution’s tail behavior. Furthermore, in determining the minimal value, the conditions that are used in optimization using CTE are different from VaR.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73187071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. P. Cusmanri, M. S. Putra, Z. Zulfiandri, M. R. Ridhallahi
The progress and development of information technology has opened up one form of nuclear crime, namely computer crime. The Stuxnet incident that occurred in 2010 is one example of cyber incidents related to nuclear security. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as an international regulatory body has paid attention to computer security as outlined in one of the important elements in NSS 20 - Objective and Essentials Elements of a State’s Nuclear Security Regime. The security aspect itself is one of the aspects emphasized in Act Number 10 of 1997 concerning Nuclear Energy. Government Regulation Number 54 of 2012 concerning Nuclear Installation Safety and Security outlines a more detailed discussion of nuclear installation security, which is a more specific discussion on safety in the aspect of physical protection regulated in Regulation of the Head of the Nuclear Power Supervisory Agency Number 1 of 2009 concerning Installation Physical Protection Systems and Nuclear Materials. However, all of these regulations still do not explicitly mention computer security. This paper was prepared to provide recommendations that can be used in the preparation of regulations and guidelines related to computer security in nuclear installations. This paper was prepared using the main reference NSS 17 - Computer Security at Nuclear Facilities which was perfected by the review of Regulatory Guide 5.71 - Cyber Security Programs for Nuclear Facility, CSA N290.7-14 - Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants and Small Reactor Facilities, and REGDOC-2.5.2. - Design of Reactor Facilities: Nuclear Power Plants. From the results of the study, it was concluded that several things that need to be considered as required regarding computer security are the establishment of a computer security team, the preparation of a computer security plan, a graded approach to computer security, and risk assessment.
{"title":"Computer security regulation for nuclear installation: A suggestion","authors":"F. P. Cusmanri, M. S. Putra, Z. Zulfiandri, M. R. Ridhallahi","doi":"10.1063/5.0058875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058875","url":null,"abstract":"The progress and development of information technology has opened up one form of nuclear crime, namely computer crime. The Stuxnet incident that occurred in 2010 is one example of cyber incidents related to nuclear security. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as an international regulatory body has paid attention to computer security as outlined in one of the important elements in NSS 20 - Objective and Essentials Elements of a State’s Nuclear Security Regime. The security aspect itself is one of the aspects emphasized in Act Number 10 of 1997 concerning Nuclear Energy. Government Regulation Number 54 of 2012 concerning Nuclear Installation Safety and Security outlines a more detailed discussion of nuclear installation security, which is a more specific discussion on safety in the aspect of physical protection regulated in Regulation of the Head of the Nuclear Power Supervisory Agency Number 1 of 2009 concerning Installation Physical Protection Systems and Nuclear Materials. However, all of these regulations still do not explicitly mention computer security. This paper was prepared to provide recommendations that can be used in the preparation of regulations and guidelines related to computer security in nuclear installations. This paper was prepared using the main reference NSS 17 - Computer Security at Nuclear Facilities which was perfected by the review of Regulatory Guide 5.71 - Cyber Security Programs for Nuclear Facility, CSA N290.7-14 - Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants and Small Reactor Facilities, and REGDOC-2.5.2. - Design of Reactor Facilities: Nuclear Power Plants. From the results of the study, it was concluded that several things that need to be considered as required regarding computer security are the establishment of a computer security team, the preparation of a computer security plan, a graded approach to computer security, and risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":20561,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2020 (ISCPMS 2020)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72772778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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