Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1373398
Hong Liu, Bin Zhang, Jian Han
ABSTRACT An efficient silicon dioxide (SiO2) microcapsule was synthesized and used for flame-retardant polyurethane foams. The polyurethane/25 wt% SiO2 microcapsule composites achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 34.8% and UL-94 V-0 rating, and SDR was significantly reduced. TG, Py-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIP) results indicated that SiO2 microcapsule could serve as an outstanding flame retardant that operates by both chemical (condensation) and physical (cooling and blocking) mechanisms. The compact and stable char layer formed at the inner layer of the residue during thermal decomposition, and this situation results in the excellent flame retardancy of polyurethane. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Improving the Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression Properties of Polyurethane Foams with SiO2 Microcapsule and its Flame-Retardant Mechanism","authors":"Hong Liu, Bin Zhang, Jian Han","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1373398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373398","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An efficient silicon dioxide (SiO2) microcapsule was synthesized and used for flame-retardant polyurethane foams. The polyurethane/25 wt% SiO2 microcapsule composites achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 34.8% and UL-94 V-0 rating, and SDR was significantly reduced. TG, Py-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIP) results indicated that SiO2 microcapsule could serve as an outstanding flame retardant that operates by both chemical (condensation) and physical (cooling and blocking) mechanisms. The compact and stable char layer formed at the inner layer of the residue during thermal decomposition, and this situation results in the excellent flame retardancy of polyurethane. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"1139 - 1149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79282844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370109
S. Moulay
ABSTRACT This account deals with the chemical functionalizations of polystyrene and polystyrene-containing materials and the related applications. The functionalizations herein tackled concern those reported from the turn of the last century up to now. As per the coveted applications, either conventional or modern chemistries, such as click reaction are applied to chemically modify polystyrene. Besides the classical polymerization methods for the synthesis of polystyrene and polystyrene-containing materials, the newly emerged techniques, such as living controlled radical polymerization, are duly evoked. Both soluble and insoluble polystyrene resins were subjected to bulk or surface functionalizations. Surface treatments with plasma, laser, or UV beam in the presence of oxygenated or aminated chemicals led to hydrophilic surface-functionalized polystyrenes. Applications of functionalized polystyrenes herein discussed include organic synthesis, polymer synthesis, separation and adsorption of metals and biomolecules, biological activity, light emission/absorption, electroactivity, and nanoparticles design. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Functionalized Polystyrene and Polystyrene-Containing Material Platforms for Various Applications","authors":"S. Moulay","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This account deals with the chemical functionalizations of polystyrene and polystyrene-containing materials and the related applications. The functionalizations herein tackled concern those reported from the turn of the last century up to now. As per the coveted applications, either conventional or modern chemistries, such as click reaction are applied to chemically modify polystyrene. Besides the classical polymerization methods for the synthesis of polystyrene and polystyrene-containing materials, the newly emerged techniques, such as living controlled radical polymerization, are duly evoked. Both soluble and insoluble polystyrene resins were subjected to bulk or surface functionalizations. Surface treatments with plasma, laser, or UV beam in the presence of oxygenated or aminated chemicals led to hydrophilic surface-functionalized polystyrenes. Applications of functionalized polystyrenes herein discussed include organic synthesis, polymer synthesis, separation and adsorption of metals and biomolecules, biological activity, light emission/absorption, electroactivity, and nanoparticles design. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"1045 - 1092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87167786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1373397
S. Ramesh, H. Kim, S. Msolli, A. Rengaraj, Y. Huh, Joo-Hyung Kim
ABSTRACT We report on the in situ synthesis through sol-gel processing of a tellurium dioxide (TeO2)–cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid composite. The cellulose–PVA hybrid composite was synthesized through chemical graft in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDX, high-resolution transition microscopy (FE-TEM) revealed that polycrystalline nanorods were uniformly distributed with sizes of 20 nm in the cotton cellulose–PVA–TeO2 hybrid nanocomposite. The average size of TeO2 crystallite was calculated to be 0.292 nm, as shown in the FE-TEM, SAED, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocomposites were studied for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli strains, which was inhibited at a size of 10–12 mm after 24 h of incubation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Rod-Like Structure of Cotton Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tellurium Dioxide (TeO2) Hybrid Nanocomposite and Antimicrobial Properties","authors":"S. Ramesh, H. Kim, S. Msolli, A. Rengaraj, Y. Huh, Joo-Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1373397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report on the in situ synthesis through sol-gel processing of a tellurium dioxide (TeO2)–cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid composite. The cellulose–PVA hybrid composite was synthesized through chemical graft in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDX, high-resolution transition microscopy (FE-TEM) revealed that polycrystalline nanorods were uniformly distributed with sizes of 20 nm in the cotton cellulose–PVA–TeO2 hybrid nanocomposite. The average size of TeO2 crystallite was calculated to be 0.292 nm, as shown in the FE-TEM, SAED, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocomposites were studied for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli strains, which was inhibited at a size of 10–12 mm after 24 h of incubation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"1131 - 1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83709332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1373399
M. Hussein, R. El-Shishtawy, A. Obaid, M. Abdel Salam
ABSTRACT The present work is aimed to fabricate a new set of composite materials containing conducting poly(azomethine-ether) reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes in the form of single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5 for excellent enhanced thermal as well as conducting behavior of poly(azomethine-ether). Single-walled carbon nanotubes of variable loading have been embedded into conducting poly(azomethine-ether) using in situ polymerization technique. Before attempting the polymerization, 1,3-thiazole established poly(azomethine-ether) and its conformable monomers have been prepared and their chemical structures have been correlated by spectral analyses. Furthermore, ηinh and Mw values for poly(azomethine-ether) were found 0.89 dL g−1 and 39723.6, respectively. The fabricated single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5 composites were specified and characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal behavior, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterization techniques. A perfect indicative response for this composite material was estimated by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction as well. Both techniques displayed all intensive characteristic peaks regarding single-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(azomethine-ether) in the spectra or diffraction pattern for single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5. The role of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the performance of poly(azomethine-ether) was considerably examined. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5 showed relatively higher thermal stability. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1 displayed the lowest final composite degradation temperature value (552°C), whereas single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)5 displayed the highest value (621°C). T10 and T25 values showed a gradual temperature increased while single-walled carbon nanotubes increased. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1 showed the lowest thermal stability and single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)5 showed the highest thermal stability between all fabricated products. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy images showed a prominent increase in single-walled carbon nanotubes diameters (40–60 nm). The conductivity values were significantly increased while single-walled carbon nanotubes content was increased and reached to the semiconductors. ε′ values were also increased in both single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)4,5 which have higher single-walled carbon nanotubes content. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Influence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Performance of Poly(Azomethine-Ether) Composite Materials","authors":"M. Hussein, R. El-Shishtawy, A. Obaid, M. Abdel Salam","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1373399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373399","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present work is aimed to fabricate a new set of composite materials containing conducting poly(azomethine-ether) reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes in the form of single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5 for excellent enhanced thermal as well as conducting behavior of poly(azomethine-ether). Single-walled carbon nanotubes of variable loading have been embedded into conducting poly(azomethine-ether) using in situ polymerization technique. Before attempting the polymerization, 1,3-thiazole established poly(azomethine-ether) and its conformable monomers have been prepared and their chemical structures have been correlated by spectral analyses. Furthermore, ηinh and Mw values for poly(azomethine-ether) were found 0.89 dL g−1 and 39723.6, respectively. The fabricated single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5 composites were specified and characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal behavior, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterization techniques. A perfect indicative response for this composite material was estimated by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction as well. Both techniques displayed all intensive characteristic peaks regarding single-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(azomethine-ether) in the spectra or diffraction pattern for single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5. The role of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the performance of poly(azomethine-ether) was considerably examined. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1–5 showed relatively higher thermal stability. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1 displayed the lowest final composite degradation temperature value (552°C), whereas single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)5 displayed the highest value (621°C). T10 and T25 values showed a gradual temperature increased while single-walled carbon nanotubes increased. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)1 showed the lowest thermal stability and single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)5 showed the highest thermal stability between all fabricated products. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy images showed a prominent increase in single-walled carbon nanotubes diameters (40–60 nm). The conductivity values were significantly increased while single-walled carbon nanotubes content was increased and reached to the semiconductors. ε′ values were also increased in both single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(azomethine-ether)4,5 which have higher single-walled carbon nanotubes content. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"1150 - 1163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81908338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370111
H. Heydarnezhad, B. Pourabbas, Masoud Tayefi
ABSTRACT Photopolymerization can be considered as an appropriate method in synthesis of conducting electroactive polymers. This paper presents a survey on the major principles of photopolymerization method, then reviews performed researches on photopolymerization leading to conducting electroactive polymer-based materials, and thereby reveals the significant information relevant to their structures and properties. The main focus of this state-of-the-art review is classification of the photoinduced synthesis of conducting electroactive polymers according to predominant mechanism in detail. Furthermore, practical applications of photopolymerization to fabrication of conducting polymeric structures such as films and nanostructures are surveyed from different publications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Conducting Electroactive Polymers via Photopolymerization: A Review on Synthesis and Applications","authors":"H. Heydarnezhad, B. Pourabbas, Masoud Tayefi","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Photopolymerization can be considered as an appropriate method in synthesis of conducting electroactive polymers. This paper presents a survey on the major principles of photopolymerization method, then reviews performed researches on photopolymerization leading to conducting electroactive polymer-based materials, and thereby reveals the significant information relevant to their structures and properties. The main focus of this state-of-the-art review is classification of the photoinduced synthesis of conducting electroactive polymers according to predominant mechanism in detail. Furthermore, practical applications of photopolymerization to fabrication of conducting polymeric structures such as films and nanostructures are surveyed from different publications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"1093 - 1109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76191026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1373396
M. Khaing, Nanjun Chen, Chuan Long, Yunxi Li, Fanghui Wang, Hong Zhu
ABSTRACT A series of cross-linking chitosan-modified quaternary ammonium poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s membranes (CS-QAPPO) were prepared by the Menshutkin reaction. The mechanical property, dimensional stability, and alkaline stability of the CS-QAPPO membrane have been impressively improved by introducing CS into PPO backbone. Even the hydroxide conductivity of CS-QAPPO membranes is higher than that of the pristine QAPPO membrane. The 20% chitosan-modified QAPPO membrane shows the best performance, and the hydroxide conductivity is 32 mS cm−1 at 90°C. The alkaline stability measurements demonstrated excellent chemical stability of the CS-QAPPO membrane in 2 M NaOH solution at room temperature after 2,000 h. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要采用Menshutkin反应制备了一系列交联壳聚糖修饰的季铵盐聚2,6-二甲基-1,4-苯基氧化物(CS-QAPPO)膜。将CS引入PPO主链后，CS- qappo膜的力学性能、尺寸稳定性和碱性稳定性均有明显改善。甚至，CS-QAPPO膜的氢氧根电导率也高于原始QAPPO膜。20%壳聚糖修饰的QAPPO膜性能最好，在90℃时氢氧化物电导率为32 mS cm−1。碱性稳定性测试表明，CS-QAPPO膜在2 M NaOH溶液中，在室温下放置2000 h后具有良好的化学稳定性。图形抽象
{"title":"Chitosan-Modified Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene Oxide) for Anion-Exchange Membrane in Fuel Cell Technology","authors":"M. Khaing, Nanjun Chen, Chuan Long, Yunxi Li, Fanghui Wang, Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1373396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A series of cross-linking chitosan-modified quaternary ammonium poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s membranes (CS-QAPPO) were prepared by the Menshutkin reaction. The mechanical property, dimensional stability, and alkaline stability of the CS-QAPPO membrane have been impressively improved by introducing CS into PPO backbone. Even the hydroxide conductivity of CS-QAPPO membranes is higher than that of the pristine QAPPO membrane. The 20% chitosan-modified QAPPO membrane shows the best performance, and the hydroxide conductivity is 32 mS cm−1 at 90°C. The alkaline stability measurements demonstrated excellent chemical stability of the CS-QAPPO membrane in 2 M NaOH solution at room temperature after 2,000 h. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"1121 - 1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76361174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1373395
Deepak Kukkar, I. Kaur, J. Singh, L. Bharadwaj
ABSTRACT The manuscript reports plasticizer-mediated conversion of poly(ε-caprolactone) hollow particles into microcapsules followed by encapsulation and sustained release of doxorubicin from the microcapsules through a progressive approach. Plasticizer molecules account for increased mobility of polymer chains. Chloroform was observed to be the best plasticizer for potential transformation of the hollow particles into microcapsules, compared to 1,4-dioxane, and toluene. In the next step, an anticancer drug doxorubicin was encapsulated in the hollow particles in presence of chloroform. In vitro release of drug from the microcapsules in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) demonstrated sustained release pattern over 15 days. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Encapsulation and Release of Doxorubicin from Plasticizer-Transformed Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Microcapsules","authors":"Deepak Kukkar, I. Kaur, J. Singh, L. Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1373395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373395","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The manuscript reports plasticizer-mediated conversion of poly(ε-caprolactone) hollow particles into microcapsules followed by encapsulation and sustained release of doxorubicin from the microcapsules through a progressive approach. Plasticizer molecules account for increased mobility of polymer chains. Chloroform was observed to be the best plasticizer for potential transformation of the hollow particles into microcapsules, compared to 1,4-dioxane, and toluene. In the next step, an anticancer drug doxorubicin was encapsulated in the hollow particles in presence of chloroform. In vitro release of drug from the microcapsules in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) demonstrated sustained release pattern over 15 days. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"1110 - 1120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85125641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Water-encapsulated environment-friendly core–shell thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) were prepared via inverse suspension polymerization under atmospheric pressure. Acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylic acid (MMA), and methacrylate (MA) were used as monomers, and water was used as the core material. The influences of dispersants, monomer feed ratio, and cross-linking agent on the TEMs were systematically investigated. The water could disperse well in the continuous oil phase employing both 6 g spand 80 and 0.2 g calcium stearate as dispersants. When the feed ratio of AN/MMA/MA was set at 1:2:2 and 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate was used as cross-linking agent, TEMs possessed excellent properties. The properties of melamine resin foamed by TEMs-encapsulated water were better than that of n-octane and TEMs-encapsulated n-octane. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Water as Blowing Agent: Preparation of Environmental Thermally Expandable Microspheres via Inverse Suspension Polymerization","authors":"Shuqian Zhou, Zhengfa Zhou, Weibing Xu, Haihong Ma, F. Ren, Hongkun Shen","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water-encapsulated environment-friendly core–shell thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) were prepared via inverse suspension polymerization under atmospheric pressure. Acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylic acid (MMA), and methacrylate (MA) were used as monomers, and water was used as the core material. The influences of dispersants, monomer feed ratio, and cross-linking agent on the TEMs were systematically investigated. The water could disperse well in the continuous oil phase employing both 6 g spand 80 and 0.2 g calcium stearate as dispersants. When the feed ratio of AN/MMA/MA was set at 1:2:2 and 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate was used as cross-linking agent, TEMs possessed excellent properties. The properties of melamine resin foamed by TEMs-encapsulated water were better than that of n-octane and TEMs-encapsulated n-octane. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"195 1","pages":"1026 - 1034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79320704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370106
S. Ganguly, Poushali Bhawal, A. Choudhury, Subhadip Mondal, P. Das, N. Das
ABSTRACT Halloysite nanotube-based inorganic–organic polymer nanocomposite has been developed with improved mechanical strength in one direction by solution mixing followed by melt mixing. Melt mixing, solution mixing, and melt-cum-solution mixing were performed to optimize the mechanical strength of the nanocomposites. The field emission scanning electron microscopic images and small-angle X-ray scattering spectrum can support the unidirectional array of halloysite nanotubes in the matrix. The tensile properties revealed that solution–melt mixing is the most desired way to develop clay-based nanocomposites. Thermal characterizations implied that thermal stability was improved after nanoclay incorporation. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the flow properties and the “Payne effect” of the nanocomposites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes/Poly(ethylene methyl acrylate)-Based Nanocomposites by Variation of Mixing Methods","authors":"S. Ganguly, Poushali Bhawal, A. Choudhury, Subhadip Mondal, P. Das, N. Das","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Halloysite nanotube-based inorganic–organic polymer nanocomposite has been developed with improved mechanical strength in one direction by solution mixing followed by melt mixing. Melt mixing, solution mixing, and melt-cum-solution mixing were performed to optimize the mechanical strength of the nanocomposites. The field emission scanning electron microscopic images and small-angle X-ray scattering spectrum can support the unidirectional array of halloysite nanotubes in the matrix. The tensile properties revealed that solution–melt mixing is the most desired way to develop clay-based nanocomposites. Thermal characterizations implied that thermal stability was improved after nanoclay incorporation. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the flow properties and the “Payne effect” of the nanocomposites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"1014 - 997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86660521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1364383
D. D. Chakraborty, L. Nath, P. Chakraborty
ABSTRACT Polymers that bear reversible massive, physical or chemical changes in response to little peripheral changes within the environmental conditions are Smart polymers, having versatility and tunable sensitivity. They have very promising applications in the biomedical field. This study will delve into the underlying principles along with entire features of these sensitive polymers and their most current and relevant applications to solve biological problems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Recent Progress in Smart Polymers: Behavior, Mechanistic Understanding and Application","authors":"D. D. Chakraborty, L. Nath, P. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1364383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1364383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Polymers that bear reversible massive, physical or chemical changes in response to little peripheral changes within the environmental conditions are Smart polymers, having versatility and tunable sensitivity. They have very promising applications in the biomedical field. This study will delve into the underlying principles along with entire features of these sensitive polymers and their most current and relevant applications to solve biological problems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"125 1","pages":"945 - 957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74911692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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