Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370103
R. Sullivan, J. Simsiriwong
ABSTRACT Master modulus curves are developed for a vinyl ester polymer with variability in its material properties. Tensile creep strains were obtained at three temperatures below the Tg through digital image correlation. A spectrum function was used to represent the viscoelastic strain response and modulus. A two-parameter Weibull distribution was used to characterize the probability distribution of the longitudinal modulus. The Weibull probability density functions of the viscoelastic modulus were obtained for each test configuration and found to be time and temperature dependent. Longitudinal modulus curves at constant probabilities were used to develop the master curves using the time–temperature superposition principle. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A Statistical Formulation for Master Modulus Curves of a Vinyl Ester Polymer","authors":"R. Sullivan, J. Simsiriwong","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Master modulus curves are developed for a vinyl ester polymer with variability in its material properties. Tensile creep strains were obtained at three temperatures below the Tg through digital image correlation. A spectrum function was used to represent the viscoelastic strain response and modulus. A two-parameter Weibull distribution was used to characterize the probability distribution of the longitudinal modulus. The Weibull probability density functions of the viscoelastic modulus were obtained for each test configuration and found to be time and temperature dependent. Longitudinal modulus curves at constant probabilities were used to develop the master curves using the time–temperature superposition principle. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84545983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1364382
Z. Yildiz, Hacer Aysen Onen, A. Gungor, Youjiang Wang, K. Jacob
ABSTRACT A series of dual curable polyurethane methacrylate-based oligomers were synthesized by changing the NCO:OH ratio and then were included in adhesive formulations using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (TCDDA) as reactive diluents. The effects of NCO:OH ratio and reactive diluent type on the structural properties of UV-cured free films and adhesion properties between polyester cord/rubber surfaces were studied. The highest adhesion strength of the 103 N cm−1 was obtained when the NCO:OH ratio was set as 4 and the TCDDA was used as a reactive diluent. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要通过改变NCO:OH的比例合成了一系列可双固化的聚氨酯甲基丙烯酸酯基低聚物，并以三甲基丙烯酸三甲基丙烷和三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯(TCDDA)为反应稀释剂加入胶粘剂配方中。研究了NCO:OH比和反应稀释剂类型对紫外光固化自由膜结构性能和聚酯帘子/橡胶表面粘附性能的影响。当NCO:OH比为4时，以TCDDA作为反应稀释剂，得到了103 N cm−1的最高粘附强度。图形抽象
{"title":"Effects of NCO/OH Ratio and Reactive Diluent Type on the Adhesion Strength of Polyurethane Methacrylates for Cord/Rubber Composites","authors":"Z. Yildiz, Hacer Aysen Onen, A. Gungor, Youjiang Wang, K. Jacob","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1364382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1364382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A series of dual curable polyurethane methacrylate-based oligomers were synthesized by changing the NCO:OH ratio and then were included in adhesive formulations using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (TCDDA) as reactive diluents. The effects of NCO:OH ratio and reactive diluent type on the structural properties of UV-cured free films and adhesion properties between polyester cord/rubber surfaces were studied. The highest adhesion strength of the 103 N cm−1 was obtained when the NCO:OH ratio was set as 4 and the TCDDA was used as a reactive diluent. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79536848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370108
U. Waware, G. Summers, A. Hamouda, M. Rashid
ABSTRACT The syntheses of thermally stable, conducting polyaniline, poly(3-fluoroaniline), and poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives by chemical oxidative polymerization methods are described. By varying the mol% of 3-fluoroaniline in the monomer feed, a series of new poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives with different chemical compositions were prepared by chemical oxidative copolymerization methods using ammonium persulfate as oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid as the dopant. The chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline with 3-fluoroaniline affords poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives with increased solubility properties, greater thermal stability, improved morphological control, and enhanced electrical characteristics, which promotes the processibility of the different fluorine-functionalized polyaniline derivatives when compared with the parent polyaniline homopolymer. Poly(3-fluoroaniline) and the different poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives show better solubility and thermal stability than the polyaniline homopolymer, due to the incorporation of the F atoms along the fluorine-functionalized polyaniline backbone. Furthermore, the poly(3-fluoroaniline) homopolymer is thermally more stable than the polyaniline homopolymer due to the presence of the C–F bonds of the 3-fluoroaniline units along the polymer backbone. The electrical conductivity of the different poly(3-fluoroaniline) derivatives is dependent on the 3-fluoroaniline content in the polymer derivative and the morphology of the specific copolymer. The poly(3-fluoroaniline) homopolymer exhibits the lowest electrical conductivity. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the different poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives decreases with increasing 3-fluoroaniline content in the copolymer. The different polymer derivatives were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline, Poly(3-fluoroaniline), and Poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) Derivatives Obtained by Chemical Oxidative Polymerization Methods","authors":"U. Waware, G. Summers, A. Hamouda, M. Rashid","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The syntheses of thermally stable, conducting polyaniline, poly(3-fluoroaniline), and poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives by chemical oxidative polymerization methods are described. By varying the mol% of 3-fluoroaniline in the monomer feed, a series of new poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives with different chemical compositions were prepared by chemical oxidative copolymerization methods using ammonium persulfate as oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid as the dopant. The chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline with 3-fluoroaniline affords poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives with increased solubility properties, greater thermal stability, improved morphological control, and enhanced electrical characteristics, which promotes the processibility of the different fluorine-functionalized polyaniline derivatives when compared with the parent polyaniline homopolymer. Poly(3-fluoroaniline) and the different poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives show better solubility and thermal stability than the polyaniline homopolymer, due to the incorporation of the F atoms along the fluorine-functionalized polyaniline backbone. Furthermore, the poly(3-fluoroaniline) homopolymer is thermally more stable than the polyaniline homopolymer due to the presence of the C–F bonds of the 3-fluoroaniline units along the polymer backbone. The electrical conductivity of the different poly(3-fluoroaniline) derivatives is dependent on the 3-fluoroaniline content in the polymer derivative and the morphology of the specific copolymer. The poly(3-fluoroaniline) homopolymer exhibits the lowest electrical conductivity. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the different poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives decreases with increasing 3-fluoroaniline content in the copolymer. The different polymer derivatives were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75607517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370101
G. Ke, Xin Wang, J. Pei
ABSTRACT A stabilized matrix to accommodate phase change materials is essential in the application and functioning of phase change materials. In this study, lauric–stearic acid eutectics and TiO2 were doped with polyacrylonitrile solution to electrospin a composite phase change nanofibers. The surface morphology indicated typical nanofibrous structure of polyacrylonitrile/lauric–stearic/TiO2 composite nanofibers, and the diameter of fiber increased with the increase in lauric–stearic eutectic mass ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the temperature of melting peak of polyacrylonitrile/lauric–stearic/TiO2 nanofiber was around 25°C, which was lower than that of pure lauric–stearic eutectics. Latent heat value of the composite fibers gradually increased with the increase in lauric–stearic mass ratio. Thermal cycle test and thermogravimetric analysis showed that polyacrylonitrile/lauric–stearic/TiO2 composite fibers were reversible thermal energy storage materials with good thermal stability below 100°C. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Fabrication and Properties of Electrospun PAN/LA–SA/TiO2 Composite Phase Change Fiber","authors":"G. Ke, Xin Wang, J. Pei","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A stabilized matrix to accommodate phase change materials is essential in the application and functioning of phase change materials. In this study, lauric–stearic acid eutectics and TiO2 were doped with polyacrylonitrile solution to electrospin a composite phase change nanofibers. The surface morphology indicated typical nanofibrous structure of polyacrylonitrile/lauric–stearic/TiO2 composite nanofibers, and the diameter of fiber increased with the increase in lauric–stearic eutectic mass ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the temperature of melting peak of polyacrylonitrile/lauric–stearic/TiO2 nanofiber was around 25°C, which was lower than that of pure lauric–stearic eutectics. Latent heat value of the composite fibers gradually increased with the increase in lauric–stearic mass ratio. Thermal cycle test and thermogravimetric analysis showed that polyacrylonitrile/lauric–stearic/TiO2 composite fibers were reversible thermal energy storage materials with good thermal stability below 100°C. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79888445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A novel comb-like copolymer with carboxyl group as an anchoring group and polycaprolactone as a solvent chain was first used as the dispersant of CaCO3 particles in polypropylene (PP). The dispersion of CaCO3 particles in PP matrix was significantly improved in the presence of comb-like copolymer dispersant because of the strong repulsive force caused by steric hindrance effect. The influences of the coating amount of comb-like copolymer dispersant on crystallization behaviors, mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities were systematically investigated. The crystallization temperature, crystallinity, and crystallization rate of PP/CaCO3 composites prepared with monolayer-coated CaCO3 were all improved, where the monolayer comb-like copolymer coating remained as a rigid layer and provided a noticeable nucleating effect. The PP/CaCO3 composites coated with monolayer SP comb-like copolymer also had the best mechanical properties, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength because of the good dispersion of CaCO3 particles in PP matrix. The thermal stability of PP/CaCO3 composites were measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that SP comb-like copolymer dispersant treated CaCO3 filled composites had excellent thermal stability than untreated and neat PP, especially for the composite prepared with monolayer-coated CaCO3. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Novel Comb-Like Copolymer Dispersant for Polypropylene/CaCO3 Composites and Its Influence on Dispersion, Crystallization, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties","authors":"X. Jing, Weiguang Gong, Zhongjun Feng, Mingfei Zhang, Xin Meng, Baicun Zheng","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A novel comb-like copolymer with carboxyl group as an anchoring group and polycaprolactone as a solvent chain was first used as the dispersant of CaCO3 particles in polypropylene (PP). The dispersion of CaCO3 particles in PP matrix was significantly improved in the presence of comb-like copolymer dispersant because of the strong repulsive force caused by steric hindrance effect. The influences of the coating amount of comb-like copolymer dispersant on crystallization behaviors, mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities were systematically investigated. The crystallization temperature, crystallinity, and crystallization rate of PP/CaCO3 composites prepared with monolayer-coated CaCO3 were all improved, where the monolayer comb-like copolymer coating remained as a rigid layer and provided a noticeable nucleating effect. The PP/CaCO3 composites coated with monolayer SP comb-like copolymer also had the best mechanical properties, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength because of the good dispersion of CaCO3 particles in PP matrix. The thermal stability of PP/CaCO3 composites were measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that SP comb-like copolymer dispersant treated CaCO3 filled composites had excellent thermal stability than untreated and neat PP, especially for the composite prepared with monolayer-coated CaCO3. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72402586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1373394
S. Mallakpour, Zahra Reisi
ABSTRACT Hydrophilic surface of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles was treated with thiamine as a green modifier for better compatibility with poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. In this regard, poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites with different ratios of modified α-Al2O3 (3, 5, and 7 wt%) were prepared through ultrasonic irradiation and their properties were compared with the pure poly(vinyl alcohol). Many techniques were used to study the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites. Morphology images of poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites showed the good dispersion of the α-Al2O3 nanoparticles in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix in nanometer-scale. The results demonstrated that poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites give better thermal stability, strain, and E-modulus than the pure poly(vinyl alcohol. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Using Green Process for the Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/α-Al2O3-Thiamine Nanocomposite: Thermal, Mechanical, Contact Angle, and Morphological Studies","authors":"S. Mallakpour, Zahra Reisi","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1373394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hydrophilic surface of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles was treated with thiamine as a green modifier for better compatibility with poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. In this regard, poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites with different ratios of modified α-Al2O3 (3, 5, and 7 wt%) were prepared through ultrasonic irradiation and their properties were compared with the pure poly(vinyl alcohol). Many techniques were used to study the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites. Morphology images of poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites showed the good dispersion of the α-Al2O3 nanoparticles in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix in nanometer-scale. The results demonstrated that poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-Al2O3-vitamin B1 nanocomposites give better thermal stability, strain, and E-modulus than the pure poly(vinyl alcohol. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78959814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1370102
F. Khodadadi, P. Najafi Moghadam, M. Hashemi
ABSTRACT In this paper, new polymer composites were synthesized by template copolymerization of aniline and metanilic acid in the presence of prepared melamine triacetic acid and poly(melamine-co-citric acid) as polyacids and dopants. The properties of the poly(aniline-co-metanilic acid) composites were studied by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, CV, and differential scanning calorimeter analysis. The four-point probe technique was used for evaluating the electrical conductivity of the composites. The scanning electron micrographs disclosed that the products had the morphology with agglomerated distorted spherical shapes with the average size of 40–50 nm. Also, the solubility of the composites had been improved notably in organic solvents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Acidic Derivatives of Melamine as Template in Copolymerization of Aniline and Metanilic Acid","authors":"F. Khodadadi, P. Najafi Moghadam, M. Hashemi","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1370102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1370102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, new polymer composites were synthesized by template copolymerization of aniline and metanilic acid in the presence of prepared melamine triacetic acid and poly(melamine-co-citric acid) as polyacids and dopants. The properties of the poly(aniline-co-metanilic acid) composites were studied by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, CV, and differential scanning calorimeter analysis. The four-point probe technique was used for evaluating the electrical conductivity of the composites. The scanning electron micrographs disclosed that the products had the morphology with agglomerated distorted spherical shapes with the average size of 40–50 nm. Also, the solubility of the composites had been improved notably in organic solvents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81623676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354223
I. Kelnar, J. Kratochvíl, L. Kaprálková, Z. Špitalský, Massimo Ujčič, A. Zhigunov, M. Nevoralová
ABSTRACT Modification of polymer blends with nanofillers is an efficient way to improve material parameters. This work deals with application of neat and stearylamine-modified graphene oxide in the polyamide 6/elastomer system using different mixing protocols. Combination of ethene–propene elastomer and graphene oxide leads to a polyamide material with increased strength, stiffness, and toughness. The reason is synergistic effect of the core–shell structure (nanofiller localized at interface) on mechanical properties. The structure-directing effect of graphene oxide is comparable with that of nanoclay. The mechanism of affecting dynamic phase behavior is different as a consequence of graphene oxide nature and interactions with polymer components. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effect of Graphene Oxide on Structure and Properties of Impact-Modified Polyamide 6","authors":"I. Kelnar, J. Kratochvíl, L. Kaprálková, Z. Špitalský, Massimo Ujčič, A. Zhigunov, M. Nevoralová","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Modification of polymer blends with nanofillers is an efficient way to improve material parameters. This work deals with application of neat and stearylamine-modified graphene oxide in the polyamide 6/elastomer system using different mixing protocols. Combination of ethene–propene elastomer and graphene oxide leads to a polyamide material with increased strength, stiffness, and toughness. The reason is synergistic effect of the core–shell structure (nanofiller localized at interface) on mechanical properties. The structure-directing effect of graphene oxide is comparable with that of nanoclay. The mechanism of affecting dynamic phase behavior is different as a consequence of graphene oxide nature and interactions with polymer components. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79795517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Rationally designed synthesis strategy for well-defined morphology which can endow the catalysts with unexpectedly enhanced catalytic properties remains a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Hence, here we report a facile and controllable synthesis of polystyrene microsphere-supported Ag–Ni-alloyed catalysts (PS@Ag–Ni) with uniform core–shell structures through sulfonated treatment coupled with the subsequent liquid-phase reduction strategy. In this typical synthesis, sulfuric acid acts as the bifunctional roles in directing the core–shell morphology and the linker between the polystyrene microspheres and Ag–Ni alloy. The as-obtained PS@Ag–Ni optimized by tuning in a mass ratio of 1:1 shows superior oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrocatalytic performance toward the degradation of p-nitrophenol in comparison with other range of polystyrene microspheres and Ag–Ni alloy feeding ratios. The superior electrocatalytic and oxygen reduction reaction activity are attributed to its highly uniform core–shell morphology and exposure of much more active sites. Moreover, our as-prepared core–shell electrocatalysts will enable further investigation in other catalytic reactions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Synthesis of Polystyrene Microsphere-Supported Ag–Ni-Alloyed Catalysts with Core–Shell Structures for Electrocatalytic Performance","authors":"Yue Yu, D. Luan, Changlong Bi, Yu Ma, Yongheng Chen, Dongyu Zhao","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354250","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rationally designed synthesis strategy for well-defined morphology which can endow the catalysts with unexpectedly enhanced catalytic properties remains a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Hence, here we report a facile and controllable synthesis of polystyrene microsphere-supported Ag–Ni-alloyed catalysts (PS@Ag–Ni) with uniform core–shell structures through sulfonated treatment coupled with the subsequent liquid-phase reduction strategy. In this typical synthesis, sulfuric acid acts as the bifunctional roles in directing the core–shell morphology and the linker between the polystyrene microspheres and Ag–Ni alloy. The as-obtained PS@Ag–Ni optimized by tuning in a mass ratio of 1:1 shows superior oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrocatalytic performance toward the degradation of p-nitrophenol in comparison with other range of polystyrene microspheres and Ag–Ni alloy feeding ratios. The superior electrocatalytic and oxygen reduction reaction activity are attributed to its highly uniform core–shell morphology and exposure of much more active sites. Moreover, our as-prepared core–shell electrocatalysts will enable further investigation in other catalytic reactions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73843634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354252
Reza Teimuri Mofrad, R. Alizadeh, S. Ramazani, A. Vaez
ABSTRACT A combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom-transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize a four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The structure of obtained copolymer was determined by Fourier transform infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The uniform electroactive nanofibers consisting blend of four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymer and polyaniline were produced using electrospinning technique. The electroactivity of prepared nanofibers was investigated using cyclic voltammetry measurement. The morphologies of electrospun nanofibers produced from four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and their blends with polyaniline were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy. The presence of polyaniline resulted in significant decrease of sticking fibers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Preparation of Electrospun Electroactive Nanofibers of Four Arm Star-Shaped Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-b-Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) and Its Blends with Polyaniline","authors":"Reza Teimuri Mofrad, R. Alizadeh, S. Ramazani, A. Vaez","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom-transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize a four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The structure of obtained copolymer was determined by Fourier transform infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The uniform electroactive nanofibers consisting blend of four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymer and polyaniline were produced using electrospinning technique. The electroactivity of prepared nanofibers was investigated using cyclic voltammetry measurement. The morphologies of electrospun nanofibers produced from four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and their blends with polyaniline were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy. The presence of polyaniline resulted in significant decrease of sticking fibers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90881492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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