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The Hinterland of Nikaia/Nicaea/Iznik. Analyzing the Hellenistic, Roman, and Late Antique Bithynian Landscape through Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques 尼基亚/尼西亚/伊兹尼克腹地。利用遥感和GIS技术分析希腊、罗马和古比提尼亚晚期景观
Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.17169/REFUBIUM-25618
B. Weissova, Robin Brigand, S. Polla
With this paper, we present the first exemplary results of the Topoi A-6-6 Project The economic landscape of the Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antique Bithynia. Iznik intensive survey project (2013–2 016), focusing on the hinterland of Nikaia/Nicaea/Iznik during the Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antique periods. For this study we used a body of integrated landscape archaeological methods including remote sensing techniques, archaeomorphological analysis, and extensive and intensive fieldwork in test areas, as well as GIS-based mapping and spatial analysis.
在这篇论文中,我们提出了Topoi A-6-6项目的第一个示范性结果,即希腊化、罗马和古代晚期比提尼亚的经济景观。伊兹尼克密集调查项目(2013 - 2016),重点研究希腊化、罗马和古代晚期的尼基亚/尼西亚/伊兹尼克腹地。在这项研究中,我们使用了一系列综合景观考古方法,包括遥感技术、考古形态分析、在试验区广泛而深入的田野调查,以及基于gis的制图和空间分析。
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引用次数: 1
Utility and Benefits of Water in Andalusi Law. Criteria for its Proportional, Balanced Allocation and Distribution (8th and 9th Centuries) 安达卢西法中水的效用和效益。比例均衡分配标准(8、9世纪)
Pub Date : 2018-12-05 DOI: 10.17171/4-7-2
M. Almira
Interest in the analysis of the legislation governing water use and distribution in al-Andalus is evident among scholars due to two facts: the coexistence of different legal systems and the implementation of a casuistic system of law. It deals with concepts such as responsibility and participation in water management and the conservation of water. This research is an analysis focused on justifying the roots of the Andalusi irrigation system that were grounded in Mudejar legal sources, which themselves were based on the Andalusi and Arabic sources applied in al-Andalus during the 8–17th centuries and beyond. The explanation of the irrigation system methodology concerns the migration from different territories, which allowed the implementation of new hydraulic facilities and, as a result, a new system of distribution and rational utilisation of water. Now is the right time to explain the contents of the water law enforced in the Iberian Peninsula over the centuries, thanks to the knowledge of case law from the Syrians, Egyptians, Tunisians of Qayrawan, and kadis of Ceuta whom were considered technicians in terms of hisba ; a matter directly linked with water supply.
学者们对分析安达卢斯水资源使用和分配的立法很感兴趣,这是由于两个事实:不同法律制度并存,以及实行一种诡辩的法律制度。它涉及诸如责任和参与水管理和保护水等概念。本研究是一项分析,重点是证明安达卢西灌溉系统的根源,该系统以穆德哈尔法律来源为基础,而穆德哈尔法律来源本身是基于8 - 17世纪及以后安达卢斯应用的安达卢西和阿拉伯资源。对灌溉系统方法的解释涉及来自不同领土的移民,这使得新的水力设施得以实施,从而形成了新的分配和合理利用水的系统。现在是时候解释几个世纪以来在伊比利亚半岛实施的水法的内容了,这要归功于叙利亚人、埃及人、盖拉万的突尼斯人和休达的卡迪人对判例法的了解,他们在hisba方面被认为是技术人员;与供水直接相关的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical modeling of the spreading of innovations in the ancient world 古代世界创新传播的数学模型
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.17171/4-7-1
Natasa Djurdjevac Conrad, Daniel Fürstenau, A. Grabundžija, L. Helfmann, Martin Park, Wolfram Schier, B. Schütt, C. Schütte, Marcus Weber, Niklas Wulkow, J. Zonker
In this article, we develop a mathematical model for the spreading of the wool-bearing sheep in a population of herders in the Near East and Southeast Europe between 6200 and 4200 BC. Herders are considered as agents moving diffusively in a suitability landscape, such that motion into regions attractive for sheep herding are more probable than to unattractive regions. Simultaneously agents interact socially with another and pass on the innovation with some probability. The parameters of the agent-based model are fitted to available archaeological information. A simulation tool is proposed for computing the evolution of the spreading process in time and space, offering a way to study qualitative effects of different aspects affecting speed and spatial evolution of the spreading process.
在这篇文章中,我们建立了一个数学模型,用于描述公元前6200年至公元前4200年之间近东和东南欧牧民中产羊毛羊的传播。牧民被认为是在适宜性景观中扩散移动的代理人,因此,迁移到对羊群有吸引力的地区比迁移到没有吸引力的地区更有可能。同时,代理人与另一个人进行社会互动,并以一定的概率传递创新。基于智能体的模型参数拟合到现有的考古信息中。提出了一种用于计算传播过程时空演化的仿真工具,为研究影响传播过程速度和空间演化的不同方面的定性效应提供了一种方法。
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引用次数: 10
Transforming Technical Know-how in Time and Space. Using the Digital Atlas of Innovations to Understand the Innovation Process of Animal Traction and the Wheel 技术诀窍在时间和空间上的转化。利用数字创新图谱了解动物牵引和车轮的创新过程
Pub Date : 2017-04-04 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_DOCUMENT_000000026267
F. Klimscha
The paper uses a new research tool, the Digital Atlas of Innovations to re-think the invention and diffusion of wheeled vehicles in Eurasia during the 4th and 3rd millennium BC. It is argued that the diffusion of wheeled vehicles is the result of the local transformation of several technical components which have been known since the Pottery Neolithic. The technical knowledge to combine these components was widely spread and resulted in experimentation with the use of animal traction already in the late 6th millennium. It were, however, the significantly better connected networks which were established during the early 4th millennium, which enabled the innovation-diffusion of the wheel from its presumed zone of origin in the Black Sea area to the Baltic. The same technology (minus the wheels) is also adopted in many other regions, where it is transformed according to local specifications (ploughs, sleds).
本文使用了一种新的研究工具,即创新的数字地图集,重新思考公元前4至3千年欧亚大陆轮式车辆的发明和传播。有人认为,轮式车辆的扩散是自新石器时代陶器以来已知的几种技术部件的局部改造的结果。将这些组成部分结合起来的技术知识被广泛传播,并导致了在第六世纪末使用动物牵引的实验。然而,正是在第4个千年早期建立的明显更好的连接网络,使车轮从其假定的起源地区黑海地区传播到波罗的海。许多其他地区也采用了同样的技术(除去轮子),根据当地的规格(犁、雪橇)进行改造。
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引用次数: 8
Quantifying Chronological Inconsistencies of Archaeological Sites in the Petra Area 量化佩特拉地区考古遗址年代的不一致性
Pub Date : 2017-03-22 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_DOCUMENT_000000026268
W. M. Kennedy, Felix Hahn
Numerous archaeological surveys have already contributed to the research of the surroundings of the ancient Nabataean capital Petra (Jordan). The provided dataset forms the basis for further studies on the landscape organization of the Petraean hinterland. However, a reevaluation of the data revealed, in some cases, greatly differing and inconsistently defined chronological specifications of archaeological sites. Researching the general landscape organization of spatial strategies in the Petraean hinterland throughout time, such fundamental inconsistencies within the core archaeological dataset is a very critical methodological issue that needs to be addressed before following up larger research questions. This contribution therefore quantifies such uncertain chronological information and aims at offering definitions of the evidenced cultural periods that make the chronological uncertainties inherent to the base dataset transparent for future research.
许多考古调查已经有助于对古代纳巴泰首都佩特拉(约旦)周围环境的研究。提供的数据集为进一步研究彼得雷乌斯腹地的景观组织奠定了基础。然而,对数据的重新评估显示,在某些情况下,考古遗址的年代规格差别很大,而且定义不一致。在整个时期研究彼得雷乌斯腹地空间策略的总体景观组织时,核心考古数据集中的这种根本不一致性是一个非常关键的方法论问题,需要在后续更大的研究问题之前加以解决。因此,这一贡献量化了这种不确定的时间信息,旨在提供证据文化时期的定义,使基础数据集固有的时间不确定性对未来的研究透明。
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引用次数: 1
A Landscape Archaeological Approach to Link Human Activities to Past Landscape Change in the Built-up Area of the Late Bronze Age Enclosure Corneşti-Iarcuri, Western Romania 在青铜时代晚期围场的建成区,人类活动与过去景观变化的景观考古方法
Pub Date : 2017-03-02 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_DOCUMENT_000000026266
Moritz Nykamp, Daniel Knitter, Bernhard S. Heeb, Alexandru Szentmiklosi, R. Krause, B. Schütt
This study exemplifies the theoretical and methodological process of integration of disciplinary results, the joint development of new hypotheses and its interdisciplinary interpretation in the framework of landscape archaeological research. A conceptual model is introduced to visualize the integration process. The findings of two recently published studies and the archaeological state of the art regarding the largest known prehistoric enclosure in Europe – Cornesti-Iarcuri – are used as exemplary data to demonstrate the applicability of the conceptual model. The presented discussion shows how integration of disciplinary findings leads to a more holistic and more rigorous interpretation and opens the opportunity to jointly develop new hypotheses that can be integrated subsequently.
本研究体现了景观考古研究框架下整合学科成果、共同提出新假设及其跨学科解释的理论和方法过程。引入了一个概念模型来可视化集成过程。最近发表的两项研究的结果和关于欧洲已知的最大的史前圈地cornestii - iarcuri的考古现状被用作示范数据,以证明概念模型的适用性。所提出的讨论显示了学科发现的整合如何导致更全面和更严格的解释,并为共同开发可以随后整合的新假设提供了机会。
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引用次数: 1
Authenticity and communication 真实性与沟通
Pub Date : 2016-12-21 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_document_000000026010
Friederike Fless, Bernhard Graf, O. Dally, Ute Franke, Christine Gerbich, Dominik Lengyel, Matthias Knaut, C. Näser, Bénédicte Savoy, Laura Katharina Steinmüller, Katharina Steudtner, Moritz Taschner, Catherine Toulouse, Stefan Weber
Authenticity is not an absolute and constant quality inherent in an object or an experience; it is constructed in the process of research. Actors inscribe and attribute it to both material objects and subjective processes like communication and consumption. This article from the research group seeks on the one hand to reflect on the historical scope of action and action patterns among actors from various disciplines between the conflicting priorities of authentication and communication, and on the other to find ways to visualize and operationalize attribution processes through joint reflection. When we look at both history and the discussions fifty years after the Venice Charter, its idea to hand on historic monuments “in the full richness of their authenticity” has turned into an abundance of vibrant action and decision-making.
真实性并不是一个物体或经验中固有的绝对和恒定的品质;它是在研究过程中构建的。演员将其归因于物质对象和主观过程,如交流和消费。研究小组的这篇文章一方面试图反思不同学科的行为者在身份验证和沟通的冲突优先级之间的历史行为范围和行为模式,另一方面寻求通过联合反思来可视化和操作归因过程的方法。当我们回顾《威尼斯宪章》五十年后的历史和讨论时,我们会发现,《威尼斯宪章》提出的“充分体现其真实性”的移交历史遗迹的想法,已经变成了大量充满活力的行动和决策。
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引用次数: 1
Common Sense Geography and Ancient Geographical Texts 常识地理学和古代地理文献
Pub Date : 2016-12-21 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_DOCUMENT_000000026012
Anca Dan, Wolfgang Crom, K. Geus, Günther Görz, K. Guckelsberger, Viola König, Thomas Poiss, Martin Thiering
This paper places the concept of ‘common sense geography’ as developed by the members of Topoi research group C-5 within the context of ancient geographical literature. For the first time, a consistent model of arranging and classifying Greek and Roman geographical texts from a historical perspective is presented.
本文将Topoi研究小组C-5成员提出的“常识地理学”概念置于古代地理文献的背景下。第一次,一个一致的模式安排和分类希腊和罗马地理文本从历史的角度提出。
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引用次数: 2
Spatial Metaphors of the Ancient World: Theory and Practice 古代空间隐喻:理论与实践
Pub Date : 2016-12-21 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_DOCUMENT_000000026009
Fabian Horn, C. Breytenbach, Camilla Di Biase-Dyson, Markus Egg, Therese Fuhrer, V. O. Lobsien, Renate Schlesier, J. Stenger, Beatrice Trînca
Group C-2 of the Excellence Cluster 264 Topoi Space and Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Texts is dedicated to the study of spatial metaphors and their functions in texts of different genres, languages, and epochs. This outline of the work of group C-2 takes as its point of departure and theoretical framework a general linguistic typology of spatial metaphors. This outline is followed by a series of case studies ranging from wisdom texts and philosophical treatises to tragedy and from Ancient Egyptian to Shakespearean English. These examples are aimed at illustrating both the challenges and the possibilities of the study and interpretation of spatial metaphors in their respective contexts.
语言、认知和文本中的拓扑空间和隐喻卓越集群的C-2小组致力于研究空间隐喻及其在不同体裁、语言和时代的文本中的功能。C-2小组的工作大纲以空间隐喻的一般语言类型学为出发点和理论框架。这个大纲之后是一系列的案例研究,从智慧文本和哲学论文到悲剧,从古埃及语到莎士比亚英语。这些例子旨在说明空间隐喻在各自的语境中研究和解释的挑战和可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Representing Authority in Ancient Knowledge Texts 古代知识文本中的权威代表
Pub Date : 2016-12-15 DOI: 10.17169/FUDOCS_DOCUMENT_000000026007
Markus Asper, A. Renger, Tudor Sala, Markus Witte, P. Pilhofer, Sarah Walter, Nalini Kirk
In this paper we would like to discuss some questions concerning authority and knowledge with obvious relevance to our research group Personal and apersonal authorization (B-5). After briefly summarizing how the phenomenon of ‘authority’ is viewed in general, this paper takes up the specific case of authority and tradition. We then consider text as a special case of tradition, and finally knowledge texts as a special case of texts. The most significant section of the paper is the second half, where we sketch out two complementary methods of constructing or representing authority in such texts, one personal and one non-personal. Ancient Greek, religious studies, theology, church history, ancient history and Chinese studies are our areas of expertise, so most of the examples we have chosen come from those fields. But our intention is to draw broad conclusions that could also apply to other traditions as well.
在本文中,我们想讨论一些与我们的研究小组个人和个人授权(B-5)明显相关的关于权威和知识的问题。在简要概括了人们如何看待“权威”现象之后,本文开始讨论权威与传统的具体案例。然后我们将文本视为传统的特例,最后将知识文本视为文本的特例。本文最重要的部分是第二部分,在那里我们勾勒出两种互补的方法来构建或代表这些文本中的权威,一种是个人的,一种是非个人的。古希腊、宗教研究、神学、教会历史、古代历史和中国研究是我们的专业领域,所以我们选择的大多数例子都来自这些领域。但我们的目的是得出广泛的结论,这些结论也适用于其他传统。
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引用次数: 0
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eTopoi. Journal for Ancient Studies
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