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Targeting bacterial phospholipids and their synthesis pathways for antibiotic discovery. 以细菌磷脂及其合成途径为目标,发现抗生素。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101307
Meirong Song, Shang Chen, Wenhan Lin, Kui Zhu

Bacterial infections in humans and animals caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a serious threat to public health. New antibacterial targets are extremely urgent to solve the dilemma of cross-resistance. Phospholipids are critical components in bacterial envelopes and involve diverse crucial processes to maintain homeostasis and modulate metabolism. Targeting phospholipids and their synthesis pathways has been largely overlooked because conventional membrane-targeted substances are non-specific with cytotoxicity. In this review, we first introduce the structure and physiological function of phospholipids in bacteria. Subsequently, we describe the chemical diversity of novel ligands targeting phospholipids, structure-activity relationships (SAR), modes of action (MOA), and pharmacological effects. Finally, we prospect the advantage of bacterial phospholipids as promising antibacterial targets. In conclusion, these findings will shed light on discovering and developing new antibacterial drugs to combat MDR bacteria-associated infections.

耐多药(MDR)病原体引起的人类和动物细菌感染对公共卫生构成严重威胁。要解决交叉耐药性的难题,迫切需要新的抗菌靶点。磷脂是细菌包膜中的关键成分,参与维持平衡和调节新陈代谢的各种关键过程。由于传统的膜靶向物质具有非特异性的细胞毒性,因此针对磷脂及其合成途径的研究在很大程度上被忽视。在本综述中,我们首先介绍了细菌中磷脂的结构和生理功能。随后,我们介绍了以磷脂为靶标的新型配体的化学多样性、结构-活性关系(SAR)、作用方式(MOA)和药理作用。最后,我们展望了细菌磷脂作为有前景的抗菌靶点的优势。总之,这些发现将为发现和开发新的抗菌药物以抗击 MDR 细菌相关感染提供启示。
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引用次数: 0
How active cholesterol coordinates cell cholesterol homeostasis: Test of a hypothesis 活性胆固醇如何协调细胞胆固醇平衡:假设检验
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101304
Yvonne Lange , Theodore L. Steck
How do cells coordinate the diverse elements that regulate their cholesterol homeostasis? Our model postulates that membrane cholesterol forms simple complexes with bilayer phospholipids. The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are of high affinity; consequently, they are fully complexed with the sterol. This sets the resting level of plasma membrane cholesterol. Cholesterol in excess of the stoichiometric equivalence point of these complexes has high chemical activity; we refer to it as active cholesterol. It equilibrates with the low affinity phospholipids in the intracellular membranes where it serves as a negative feedback signal to a manifold of regulatory proteins that rein in ongoing cholesterol accretion. We tested the model with a review of the literature regarding fourteen homeostatic proteins in enterocytes. It provided strong albeit indirect support for the following hypothesis. Active cholesterol inhibits cholesterol uptake and biosynthesis by suppressing both the expression and the activity of the gene products activated by SREBP-2; namely, HMGCR, LDLR and NPC1L1. It also reduces free cell cholesterol by serving as the substrate for its esterification by ACAT and for the synthesis of side-chain oxysterols, 27-hydroxycholesterol in particular. The oxysterols drive cholesterol depletion by promoting the destruction of HMGCR and stimulating sterol esterification as well as the activation of LXR. The latter fosters the expression of multiple homeostatic proteins, including four transporters for which active cholesterol is the likely substrate. By nulling active cholesterol, the manifold maintains the cellular sterol at its physiologic set point.
细胞如何协调调节胆固醇平衡的各种因素?我们的模型假设,膜胆固醇与双层磷脂形成简单的复合物。质膜中的磷脂具有高亲和力,因此能与固醇充分结合。这就确定了质膜胆固醇的静止水平。超过这些复合物的化学当量点的胆固醇具有很高的化学活性,我们称之为活性胆固醇。它与细胞内膜中的低亲和力磷脂达到平衡,在细胞内膜中作为负反馈信号传递给多种调节蛋白,从而控制胆固醇的持续增加。我们对有关肠细胞中 14 种平衡蛋白的文献进行了回顾,以检验该模型。尽管是间接的,但它为以下假设提供了强有力的支持。活性胆固醇通过抑制 SREBP-2 激活的基因产物(即 HMGCR、LDLR 和 NPC1L1)的表达和活性来抑制胆固醇的摄取和生物合成。它还通过作为 ACAT 对游离细胞胆固醇进行酯化的底物,以及作为合成侧链氧基甾醇(尤其是 27-羟基胆固醇)的底物,减少游离细胞胆固醇。氧杂环醇通过促进 HMGCR 的破坏、刺激固醇酯化和 LXR 的激活来消耗胆固醇。后者会促进多种平衡蛋白的表达,包括四种转运体,而活性胆固醇可能是它们的底物。通过抑制活性胆固醇,歧管将细胞固醇维持在生理设定点。
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引用次数: 0
Lipid sensing by PPARα: Role in controlling hepatocyte gene regulatory networks and the metabolic response to fasting PPARα 的脂质感应:在控制肝细胞基因调控网络和禁食代谢反应中的作用
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101303
Anne Fougerat , Justine Bruse , Arnaud Polizzi , Alexandra Montagner , Hervé Guillou , Walter Wahli
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) constitute a small family of three nuclear receptors that act as lipid sensors, and thereby regulate the transcription of genes having key roles in hepatic and whole-body energy homeostasis, and in other processes (e.g., inflammation), which have far-reaching health consequences. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isotype α (PPARα) is expressed in oxidative tissues, particularly in the liver, carrying out critical functions during the adaptive fasting response. Advanced omics technologies have provided insight into the vast complexity of the regulation of PPAR expression and activity, as well as their downstream effects on the physiology of the liver and its associated metabolic organs. Here, we provide an overview of the gene regulatory networks controlled by PPARα in the liver in response to fasting. We discuss impacts on liver metabolism, the systemic repercussions and benefits of PPARα-regulated ketogenesis and production of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a fasting- and stress-inducible metabolic hormone. We also highlight current challenges in using novel methods to further improve our knowledge of PPARα in health and disease.
过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体(PPARs)是由三种核受体组成的一个小家族,它们作为脂质传感器,从而调节在肝脏和全身能量平衡及其他过程(如炎症)中发挥关键作用的基因转录,对健康产生深远影响。过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体异型α(PPARα)在氧化组织中表达,尤其是在肝脏中,在适应性禁食反应中发挥关键作用。先进的全息技术使人们得以深入了解 PPAR 表达和活性调控的巨大复杂性及其对肝脏及其相关代谢器官生理机能的下游影响。在此,我们概述了肝脏中 PPARα 所控制的基因调控网络对禁食的响应。我们讨论了PPARα调控的酮体生成和成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)(一种禁食和应激诱导的代谢激素)的产生对肝脏代谢的影响、全身反响和益处。我们还强调了目前在使用新方法进一步提高我们对 PPARα 在健康和疾病中的作用的认识方面所面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing oil content in Brassica oilseed species 提高甘蓝类油菜籽的含油量。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101306
Randall J. Weselake , David A. Fell , Xiaoyu Wang , Simon Scofield , Guanqun Chen , John L. Harwood
Brassica oilseed species are the third most important in the world, providing approximately 15 % of the total vegetable oils. Three species (Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. napus) dominate with B. napus being the most common in Canada, China and Europe. Originally, B. napus was a crop producing seed with high erucic acid content, which still persists today, to some extent, and is used for industrial purposes. In contrast, cultivars which produce seed used for food and feed are low erucic acid cultivars which also have reduced glucosinolate content. Because of the limit to agricultural land, recent efforts have been made to increase productivity of oil crops, including Brassica oilseed species. In this article, we have detailed research in this regard. We have covered modern genetic, genomic and metabolic control analysis approaches to identifying potential targets for the manipulation of seed oil content. Details of work on the use of quantitative trait loci, genome-wide association and comparative functional genomics to highlight factors influencing seed oil accumulation are given and functional proteins which can affect this process are discussed. In summary, a wide variety of inputs are proving useful for the improvement of Brassica oilseed species, as major sources of global vegetable oil.
芸苔属油菜籽是世界上第三大重要的油菜籽品种,约占植物油总量的 15%。在加拿大、中国和欧洲,以芸薹属油菜(Brassica rapa)、芸薹属油菜(B. juncea)和芸薹属油菜(B. napus)三个品种为主,其中以芸薹属油菜最为常见。最初,油菜是一种生产芥酸含量高的种子的作物,这种种子在某种程度上至今仍然存在,并被用于工业用途。相比之下,生产用于食品和饲料的种子的栽培品种是低芥酸栽培品种,其葡萄糖苷酸含量也较低。由于农业用地的限制,人们最近一直在努力提高油料作物(包括芸苔属油籽品种)的产量。本文详细介绍了这方面的研究。我们介绍了现代遗传、基因组和代谢控制分析方法,以确定操纵种子含油量的潜在目标。文章详细介绍了利用数量性状基因位点、全基因组关联和比较功能基因组学突出种子油脂积累影响因素的工作,并讨论了可影响这一过程的功能蛋白质。总之,作为全球植物油的主要来源,各种投入证明对改良芸薹属油菜籽品种非常有用。
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引用次数: 0
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) composition of fish sperm: nexus of dietary, evolutionary, and biomechanical drivers 鱼类精子的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)组成:膳食、进化和生物力学驱动因素的联系。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101305
Deepali Rahi Roy , Koushik Roy , Stephane Panserat , Vlastimil Stejskal , Jan Mraz , Giovanni M. Turchini
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) constitute one-third to half of fish sperm lipids. Fish sperm is rich in phospholipid (PL)—primarily phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. DHA is generally the most abundant LC-PUFA in each PL class, followed by competition between ARA and EPA. While the total n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio does not correlate significantly with sperm biomechanics, LC-PUFA do. DHA positively influences sperm biomechanics, while ARA and EPA may be negatively associated. Fish sperm maintains lower (≤1) total n-6 PUFA per unit of n-3 PUFA but keep a higher (>1) ARA per unit EPA. A weak dietary influence on sperm EPA and DHA exists but not on ARA. The DHA: EPA ratio in fish sperm is often >1, though values <1 occur. Certain species cannot fortify DHA sufficiently during spermatogenesis, diverging through whole genome duplications. Fish sperm can show ARA: EPA ratios greater or less than 1, due to shifts in prostaglandin pathways in different evolutionary eras. DHA-rich PL bilayers provide unique packing and fusogenic properties, with ARA/EPA-derived eicosanoids guiding sperm rheotaxis/chemotaxis, modulated by DHA-derived resolvins. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) sometimes substitutes for DHA in fish sperm.
花生四烯酸(ARA,20:4n-6)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20:5n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22:6n-3)等长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)占鱼类精子脂质的三分之一到一半。鱼类精子富含磷脂(PL)--主要是磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和鞘磷脂。DHA 通常是每类磷脂中含量最高的 LC-PUFA,其次是 ARA 和 EPA。虽然 n-6: n-3 PUFA 的总比例与精子的生物力学没有显著相关性,但 LC-PUFA 与精子的生物力学有显著相关性。DHA 对精子的生物力学有积极影响,而 ARA 和 EPA 则可能有消极影响。鱼类精子中每单位 n-3 PUFA 的 n-6 PUFA 总含量较低(≤1),但每单位 EPA 的 ARA 含量较高(>1)。膳食对精子中的 EPA 和 DHA 有微弱的影响,但对 ARA 没有影响。鱼类精子中 DHA 与 EPA 的比率通常大于 1,尽管其值为 1。
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引用次数: 0
From fallopian tube epithelium to high-grade serous ovarian cancer: A single-cell resolution review of sex steroid hormone signaling 从输卵管上皮到高级别浆液性卵巢癌:性类固醇激素信号传导的单细胞分辨率回顾
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101302
Marija Gjorgoska, Tea Lanišnik Rižner
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the most lethal subtype of ovarian cancer, largely due to being commonly diagnosed at advanced stages. The early molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian carcinogenesis remain poorly defined, posing challenges to the development of prevention and early detection strategies. Here we dissect the molecular mechanisms of sex steroid hormone signaling throughout the decades-long evolution of HGSOC precursor lesions, which predominantly originate from secretory epithelial cells of fallopian tubes (FT). We also discuss the prognostic significance of sex steroid receptor isoforms and steroid metabolizing enzymes in HGSOCs. Finally, we provide a comprehensive gene expression atlases of sex steroid receptors, steroidogenic, and steroid-metabolizing enzymes across different cell populations in pre- and postmenopausal FTs, and HGSOCs, using published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. These atlases reveal that secretory epithelial cells and stromal populations in FTs express sex steroid receptors and enzymes responsible for the formation and inactivation of genotoxic estrogen metabolites. In HGSOC, epithelial cells express various HSD17B isoforms and steroid conjugating enzymes, suggesting an enhanced ability to finely regulate the levels of bioactive sex steroids.
高分化浆液性卵巢癌(HGSOC)是卵巢癌中致死率最高的亚型,这主要是因为它通常在晚期才被诊断出来。卵巢癌发生的早期分子机制尚未明确,这给预防和早期检测策略的制定带来了挑战。在此,我们剖析了在长达数十年的 HGSOC 前体病变演变过程中性激素信号传导的分子机制,这些前体病变主要起源于输卵管(FT)的分泌性上皮细胞。我们还讨论了性类固醇受体同工酶和类固醇代谢酶在 HGSOC 中的预后意义。最后,我们利用已发表的单细胞 RNA 测序数据集,提供了绝经前后 FT 和 HGSOCs 不同细胞群中性激素受体、类固醇生成酶和类固醇代谢酶的综合基因表达图谱。这些图谱显示,FTs 中的分泌性上皮细胞和基质细胞群表达性类固醇受体和酶,这些受体和酶负责形成和灭活基因毒性雌激素代谢产物。在 HGSOC 中,上皮细胞表达各种 HSD17B 同工型和类固醇结合酶,这表明其精细调节生物活性性类固醇水平的能力有所增强。
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引用次数: 0
An update of isoprostanoid nomenclature 更新异甾烷类命名法
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101301
Camille Oger , Tereza Pavlíčková , Valérie Bultel-Poncé , Alexandre Guy , Jean-Marie Galano , Ullrich Jahn , Thierry Durand

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play numerous roles in living organisms but are also prone to rapid aerobic oxidation, resulting in the production of a wide range of isomeric metabolites called oxylipins. Among these, isoprostanes, discovered in the 1990s, are formed non-enzymatically from ω–3 and ω–6 PUFAs with 16 to 22 carbon atoms. Over nearly 35 years of research, two nomenclature systems for isoprostanes have been proposed and have evolved. However, as research progresses, certain aspects of the current nomenclature remain unclear and require further clarification to ensure precise identification of each metabolite and its corresponding parent PUFA. Therefore, we propose an update to the current nomenclature system, along with practical guidelines for assessing isoprostanoid diversity and identifying their PUFA origins.

多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)在生物体内发挥着多种作用,但也容易被快速有氧氧化,从而产生多种异构代谢物,称为氧脂素。其中,20 世纪 90 年代发现的异前列素是由ω-3 和ω-6 脂肪酸(具有 16 至 22 个碳原子)非酶促形成的。在近 35 年的研究过程中,提出并逐渐形成了两种异前列素命名系统。然而,随着研究的深入,目前命名法的某些方面仍不明确,需要进一步澄清,以确保准确识别每种代谢物及其相应的母体 PUFA。因此,我们建议更新当前的命名系统,并提供实用指南,用于评估异丙类固醇的多样性并确定其 PUFA 的来源。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling brain palmitic acid: Origin, levels and metabolic fate 揭开脑棕榈酸的神秘面纱:起源、含量和代谢命运
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101300
Mackenzie E. Smith, Richard P. Bazinet
In the human brain, palmitic acid (16:0; PAM) comprises nearly half of total brain saturates and has been identified as the third most abundant fatty acid overall. Brain PAM supports the structure of membrane phospholipids, provides energy, and regulates protein stability. Sources underlying the origin of brain PAM are both diet and endogenous synthesis via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), primarily from glucose. However, studies investigating the origin of brain PAM are limited to tracer studies utilizing labelled (14C/11C/3H/2H) PAM, and results vary based on the model and tracer used. Nevertheless, there is evidence PAM is synthesized locally in the brain, in addition to obtained directly from the diet. Herein, we provide an overview of brain PAM origin, entry to the brain, metabolic fate, and factors influencing brain PAM kinetics and levels, the latter in the context of age, as well as neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we briefly summarize the role of PAM in signaling at the level of the brain. We add to the literature a rudimentary summary on brain PAM metabolism.
在人脑中,棕榈酸(16:0;PAM)占脑饱和脂肪酸总量的近一半,已被确定为含量第三高的脂肪酸。脑磷脂支持膜磷脂的结构,提供能量,并调节蛋白质的稳定性。脑 PAM 的基本来源是饮食和通过新生脂肪生成(DNL)(主要来自葡萄糖)进行的内源性合成。然而,调查脑 PAM 来源的研究仅限于利用标记(14C/11C/3H/2H)PAM 的示踪研究,而且结果因所用模型和示踪剂而异。不过,有证据表明,PAM 除了直接从饮食中获取外,还在大脑局部合成。在此,我们将概述脑内 PAM 的来源、进入大脑的途径、代谢命运以及影响脑内 PAM 动力学和水平的因素,后者与年龄、神经系统疾病和精神疾病有关。此外,我们还简要总结了 PAM 在大脑信号水平上的作用。我们还在文献中对大脑 PAM 代谢进行了初步总结。
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引用次数: 0
Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance 植物和藻类脂质体:分析、组成及其社会意义。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290
Juliette Jouhet , Eliana Alves , Yohann Boutté , Sylvain Darnet , Frédéric Domergue , Thierry Durand , Pauline Fischer , Laetitia Fouillen , Mara Grube , Jérôme Joubès , Uldis Kalnenieks , Joanna M. Kargul , Inna Khozin-Goldberg , Catherine Leblanc , Sophia Letsiou , Josselin Lupette , Gabriel V. Markov , Isabel Medina , Tânia Melo , Peter Mojzeš , Rosário Domingues

Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.

植物和藻类在地球生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过光合作用,它们将光能转化为化学能,捕获二氧化碳并产生氧气和富含能量的有机化合物。光合生物是初级生产者,能合成人体必需的欧米伽 3 和欧米伽 6 脂肪酸。它们还具有独特和高度多样化的复杂脂质,如糖脂、磷脂、甘油三酯、鞘脂和植物甾醇,具有营养和保健功效。植物和藻类脂质可用于食品、饲料、营养保健品、化妆品和制药行业,也可用于绿色化学和生物能源。由于植物和藻类脂质体的组成复杂多样,而且在不断变化的环境条件下具有可塑性,因此对其进行分析是一项重大挑战。分析工具的优化对于深入探索植物和藻类的脂质体至关重要。本综述重点介绍了如何利用脂质组学分析工具建立完整的植物和藻类脂质体图谱。掌握这些知识将为利用植物和藻类作为工业和环境应用的定制脂质来源铺平道路。这符合社会面临的主要挑战,即保护地球自然资源并尊重其极限。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of atherosclerosis risk: A review 膳食中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例对动脉粥样硬化风险的影响:综述。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101289

Atherosclerosis is a causative factor associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the past few decades, extensive research has been carried out on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested lipids and the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the precise nature of this relationship, which has led to challenges in providing sound dietary advice to the general public. There is therefore a pressing need to review our current understanding of the relationship between the dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis, and to summarize the underlying factors contributing to the current uncertainties.

Initially, this article reviews the association between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and CVDs in different countries. A summary of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis is then given, including inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation, and vascular function. Possible reasons behind the current controversies on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis are then provided, including the precise molecular structures of the fatty acids, diet-gene interactions, the role of fat-soluble phytochemicals, and the impact of other nutritional factors. An important objective of this article is to highlight areas where further research is needed to clarify the role of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis.

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病(CVD)的致病因素之一。过去几十年来,人们对摄入脂质中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例与动脉粥样硬化进展之间的关系进行了广泛的研究。然而,这种关系的确切性质仍存在许多不确定性,这给向公众提供合理的饮食建议带来了挑战。因此,我们迫切需要回顾目前对膳食中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例与动脉粥样硬化之间关系的理解,并总结造成目前不确定性的潜在因素。本文首先回顾了不同国家中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比率与心血管疾病之间的关系。然后,总结了目前对 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例影响动脉粥样硬化的分子机制的理解,包括炎症反应、脂质代谢、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇氧化和血管功能。然后提出了目前关于 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例与动脉粥样硬化之间关系的争议背后的可能原因,包括脂肪酸的精确分子结构、饮食与基因的相互作用、脂溶性植物化学物质的作用以及其他营养因素的影响。本文的一个重要目的是强调需要进一步研究的领域,以明确 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例对动脉粥样硬化的作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Progress in lipid research
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