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How active cholesterol coordinates cell cholesterol homeostasis: Test of a hypothesis 活性胆固醇如何协调细胞胆固醇平衡:假设检验
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101304
How do cells coordinate the diverse elements that regulate their cholesterol homeostasis? Our model postulates that membrane cholesterol forms simple complexes with bilayer phospholipids. The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are of high affinity; consequently, they are fully complexed with the sterol. This sets the resting level of plasma membrane cholesterol. Cholesterol in excess of the stoichiometric equivalence point of these complexes has high chemical activity; we refer to it as active cholesterol. It equilibrates with the low affinity phospholipids in the intracellular membranes where it serves as a negative feedback signal to a manifold of regulatory proteins that rein in ongoing cholesterol accretion. We tested the model with a review of the literature regarding fourteen homeostatic proteins in enterocytes. It provided strong albeit indirect support for the following hypothesis. Active cholesterol inhibits cholesterol uptake and biosynthesis by suppressing both the expression and the activity of the gene products activated by SREBP-2; namely, HMGCR, LDLR and NPC1L1. It also reduces free cell cholesterol by serving as the substrate for its esterification by ACAT and for the synthesis of side-chain oxysterols, 27-hydroxycholesterol in particular. The oxysterols drive cholesterol depletion by promoting the destruction of HMGCR and stimulating sterol esterification as well as the activation of LXR. The latter fosters the expression of multiple homeostatic proteins, including four transporters for which active cholesterol is the likely substrate. By nulling active cholesterol, the manifold maintains the cellular sterol at its physiologic set point.
细胞如何协调调节胆固醇平衡的各种因素?我们的模型假设,膜胆固醇与双层磷脂形成简单的复合物。质膜中的磷脂具有高亲和力,因此能与固醇充分结合。这就确定了质膜胆固醇的静止水平。超过这些复合物的化学当量点的胆固醇具有很高的化学活性,我们称之为活性胆固醇。它与细胞内膜中的低亲和力磷脂达到平衡,在细胞内膜中作为负反馈信号传递给多种调节蛋白,从而控制胆固醇的持续增加。我们对有关肠细胞中 14 种平衡蛋白的文献进行了回顾,以检验该模型。尽管是间接的,但它为以下假设提供了强有力的支持。活性胆固醇通过抑制 SREBP-2 激活的基因产物(即 HMGCR、LDLR 和 NPC1L1)的表达和活性来抑制胆固醇的摄取和生物合成。它还通过作为 ACAT 对游离细胞胆固醇进行酯化的底物,以及作为合成侧链氧基甾醇(尤其是 27-羟基胆固醇)的底物,减少游离细胞胆固醇。氧杂环醇通过促进 HMGCR 的破坏、刺激固醇酯化和 LXR 的激活来消耗胆固醇。后者会促进多种平衡蛋白的表达,包括四种转运体,而活性胆固醇可能是它们的底物。通过抑制活性胆固醇,歧管将细胞固醇维持在生理设定点。
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引用次数: 0
From fallopian tube epithelium to high-grade serous ovarian cancer: A single-cell resolution review of sex steroid hormone signaling 从输卵管上皮到高级别浆液性卵巢癌:性类固醇激素信号传导的单细胞分辨率回顾
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101302
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the most lethal subtype of ovarian cancer, largely due to being commonly diagnosed at advanced stages. The early molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian carcinogenesis remain poorly defined, posing challenges to the development of prevention and early detection strategies. Here we dissect the molecular mechanisms of sex steroid hormone signaling throughout the decades-long evolution of HGSOC precursor lesions, which predominantly originate from secretory epithelial cells of fallopian tubes (FT). We also discuss the prognostic significance of sex steroid receptor isoforms and steroid metabolizing enzymes in HGSOCs. Finally, we provide a comprehensive gene expression atlases of sex steroid receptors, steroidogenic, and steroid-metabolizing enzymes across different cell populations in pre- and postmenopausal FTs, and HGSOCs, using published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. These atlases reveal that secretory epithelial cells and stromal populations in FTs express sex steroid receptors and enzymes responsible for the formation and inactivation of genotoxic estrogen metabolites. In HGSOC, epithelial cells express various HSD17B isoforms and steroid conjugating enzymes, suggesting an enhanced ability to finely regulate the levels of bioactive sex steroids.
高分化浆液性卵巢癌(HGSOC)是卵巢癌中致死率最高的亚型,这主要是因为它通常在晚期才被诊断出来。卵巢癌发生的早期分子机制尚未明确,这给预防和早期检测策略的制定带来了挑战。在此,我们剖析了在长达数十年的 HGSOC 前体病变演变过程中性激素信号传导的分子机制,这些前体病变主要起源于输卵管(FT)的分泌性上皮细胞。我们还讨论了性类固醇受体同工酶和类固醇代谢酶在 HGSOC 中的预后意义。最后,我们利用已发表的单细胞 RNA 测序数据集,提供了绝经前后 FT 和 HGSOCs 不同细胞群中性激素受体、类固醇生成酶和类固醇代谢酶的综合基因表达图谱。这些图谱显示,FTs 中的分泌性上皮细胞和基质细胞群表达性类固醇受体和酶,这些受体和酶负责形成和灭活基因毒性雌激素代谢产物。在 HGSOC 中,上皮细胞表达各种 HSD17B 同工型和类固醇结合酶,这表明其精细调节生物活性性类固醇水平的能力有所增强。
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引用次数: 0
An update of isoprostanoid nomenclature 更新异甾烷类命名法
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101301

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play numerous roles in living organisms but are also prone to rapid aerobic oxidation, resulting in the production of a wide range of isomeric metabolites called oxylipins. Among these, isoprostanes, discovered in the 1990s, are formed non-enzymatically from ω–3 and ω–6 PUFAs with 16 to 22 carbon atoms. Over nearly 35 years of research, two nomenclature systems for isoprostanes have been proposed and have evolved. However, as research progresses, certain aspects of the current nomenclature remain unclear and require further clarification to ensure precise identification of each metabolite and its corresponding parent PUFA. Therefore, we propose an update to the current nomenclature system, along with practical guidelines for assessing isoprostanoid diversity and identifying their PUFA origins.

多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)在生物体内发挥着多种作用,但也容易被快速有氧氧化,从而产生多种异构代谢物,称为氧脂素。其中,20 世纪 90 年代发现的异前列素是由ω-3 和ω-6 脂肪酸(具有 16 至 22 个碳原子)非酶促形成的。在近 35 年的研究过程中,提出并逐渐形成了两种异前列素命名系统。然而,随着研究的深入,目前命名法的某些方面仍不明确,需要进一步澄清,以确保准确识别每种代谢物及其相应的母体 PUFA。因此,我们建议更新当前的命名系统,并提供实用指南,用于评估异丙类固醇的多样性并确定其 PUFA 的来源。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling brain palmitic acid: Origin, levels and metabolic fate 揭开脑棕榈酸的神秘面纱:起源、含量和代谢命运
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101300
In the human brain, palmitic acid (16:0; PAM) comprises nearly half of total brain saturates and has been identified as the third most abundant fatty acid overall. Brain PAM supports the structure of membrane phospholipids, provides energy, and regulates protein stability. Sources underlying the origin of brain PAM are both diet and endogenous synthesis via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), primarily from glucose. However, studies investigating the origin of brain PAM are limited to tracer studies utilizing labelled (14C/11C/3H/2H) PAM, and results vary based on the model and tracer used. Nevertheless, there is evidence PAM is synthesized locally in the brain, in addition to obtained directly from the diet. Herein, we provide an overview of brain PAM origin, entry to the brain, metabolic fate, and factors influencing brain PAM kinetics and levels, the latter in the context of age, as well as neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we briefly summarize the role of PAM in signaling at the level of the brain. We add to the literature a rudimentary summary on brain PAM metabolism.
在人脑中,棕榈酸(16:0;PAM)占脑饱和脂肪酸总量的近一半,已被确定为含量第三高的脂肪酸。脑磷脂支持膜磷脂的结构,提供能量,并调节蛋白质的稳定性。脑 PAM 的基本来源是饮食和通过新生脂肪生成(DNL)(主要来自葡萄糖)进行的内源性合成。然而,调查脑 PAM 来源的研究仅限于利用标记(14C/11C/3H/2H)PAM 的示踪研究,而且结果因所用模型和示踪剂而异。不过,有证据表明,PAM 除了直接从饮食中获取外,还在大脑局部合成。在此,我们将概述脑内 PAM 的来源、进入大脑的途径、代谢命运以及影响脑内 PAM 动力学和水平的因素,后者与年龄、神经系统疾病和精神疾病有关。此外,我们还简要总结了 PAM 在大脑信号水平上的作用。我们还在文献中对大脑 PAM 代谢进行了初步总结。
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引用次数: 0
Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance 植物和藻类脂质体:分析、组成及其社会意义。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290

Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.

植物和藻类在地球生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过光合作用,它们将光能转化为化学能,捕获二氧化碳并产生氧气和富含能量的有机化合物。光合生物是初级生产者,能合成人体必需的欧米伽 3 和欧米伽 6 脂肪酸。它们还具有独特和高度多样化的复杂脂质,如糖脂、磷脂、甘油三酯、鞘脂和植物甾醇,具有营养和保健功效。植物和藻类脂质可用于食品、饲料、营养保健品、化妆品和制药行业,也可用于绿色化学和生物能源。由于植物和藻类脂质体的组成复杂多样,而且在不断变化的环境条件下具有可塑性,因此对其进行分析是一项重大挑战。分析工具的优化对于深入探索植物和藻类的脂质体至关重要。本综述重点介绍了如何利用脂质组学分析工具建立完整的植物和藻类脂质体图谱。掌握这些知识将为利用植物和藻类作为工业和环境应用的定制脂质来源铺平道路。这符合社会面临的主要挑战,即保护地球自然资源并尊重其极限。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of atherosclerosis risk: A review 膳食中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例对动脉粥样硬化风险的影响:综述。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101289

Atherosclerosis is a causative factor associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the past few decades, extensive research has been carried out on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested lipids and the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the precise nature of this relationship, which has led to challenges in providing sound dietary advice to the general public. There is therefore a pressing need to review our current understanding of the relationship between the dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis, and to summarize the underlying factors contributing to the current uncertainties.

Initially, this article reviews the association between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and CVDs in different countries. A summary of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis is then given, including inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation, and vascular function. Possible reasons behind the current controversies on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis are then provided, including the precise molecular structures of the fatty acids, diet-gene interactions, the role of fat-soluble phytochemicals, and the impact of other nutritional factors. An important objective of this article is to highlight areas where further research is needed to clarify the role of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis.

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病(CVD)的致病因素之一。过去几十年来,人们对摄入脂质中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例与动脉粥样硬化进展之间的关系进行了广泛的研究。然而,这种关系的确切性质仍存在许多不确定性,这给向公众提供合理的饮食建议带来了挑战。因此,我们迫切需要回顾目前对膳食中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例与动脉粥样硬化之间关系的理解,并总结造成目前不确定性的潜在因素。本文首先回顾了不同国家中 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比率与心血管疾病之间的关系。然后,总结了目前对 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例影响动脉粥样硬化的分子机制的理解,包括炎症反应、脂质代谢、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇氧化和血管功能。然后提出了目前关于 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例与动脉粥样硬化之间关系的争议背后的可能原因,包括脂肪酸的精确分子结构、饮食与基因的相互作用、脂溶性植物化学物质的作用以及其他营养因素的影响。本文的一个重要目的是强调需要进一步研究的领域,以明确 n-6/n-3 脂肪酸比例对动脉粥样硬化的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Omega-3 world map: 2024 update 欧米茄-3 世界地图:2024 年更新。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101286
Jan Philipp Schuchardt , Philine Beinhorn , Xue Feng Hu , Hing Man Chan , Kaitlin Roke , Aldo Bernasconi , Andreas Hahn , Aleix Sala-Vila , Ken D. Stark , William S. Harris

In 2016, the first worldwide n3 PUFA status map was published using the Omega-3 Index (O3I) as standard biomarker. The O3I is defined as the percentage of EPA + DHA in red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs. The purpose of the present study was to update the 2016 map with new data. In order to be included, studies had to report O3I and/or blood EPA + DHA levels in metrics convertible into an estimated O3I, in samples drawn after 1999. To convert the non-RBC-based EPA + DHA metrics into RBC we used newly developed equations. Baseline data from clinical trials and observational studies were acceptable. A literature search identified 328 studies meeting inclusion criteria encompassing 342,864 subjects from 48 countries/regions. Weighted mean country O3I levels were categorized into very low ≤4%, low >4–6%, moderate >6–8%, and desirable >8%. We found that the O3I in most countries was low to very low. Notable differences between the current and 2016 map were 1) USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, UK, Ireland and Greece (moving from the very low to low category); 2) France, Spain and New Zealand (low to moderate); and 3) Finland and Iceland (moderate to desirable). Countries such as Iran, Egypt, and India exhibited particularly poor O3I levels.

2016 年,以欧米茄-3 指数(O3I)为标准生物标志物,首次发布了全球 n3 PUFA 状况图。O3I 的定义是 EPA + DHA 在红细胞(RBC)膜 FAs 中的百分比。本研究的目的是利用新数据更新 2016 年地图。为了纳入研究,研究必须报告 1999 年后抽取的样本中的 O3I 和/或血液中 EPA + DHA 水平,并将其转换为估计的 O3I 指标。为了将不基于红细胞的 EPA + DHA 指标转换为红细胞,我们使用了新开发的方程式。我们接受来自临床试验和观察性研究的基线数据。通过文献检索,我们发现有 328 项研究符合纳入标准,涉及 48 个国家/地区的 342 864 名受试者。各国的加权平均 O3I 水平分为极低 ≤4%、低 >4-6%、中等 >6-8%、理想 >8%。我们发现,大多数国家的 O3I 水平较低至很低。当前地图与 2016 年地图之间的显著差异是:1)美国、加拿大、意大利、土耳其、英国、爱尔兰和希腊(从极低到低);2)法国、西班牙和新西兰(低到中等);3)芬兰和冰岛(中等到理想)。伊朗、埃及和印度等国的 O3I 水平特别低。
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引用次数: 0
Immunology of bile acids regulated receptors 胆汁酸调节受体免疫学
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291

Bile acids are steroids formed at the interface of host metabolism and intestinal microbiota. While primary bile acids are generated in the liver from cholesterol metabolism, secondary bile acids represent the products of microbial enzymes. Close to 100 different enzymatic modifications of bile acids structures occur in the human intestine and clinically guided metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to the identification of an extraordinary number of novel metabolites. These chemical mediators make an essential contribution to the composition and function of the postbiota, participating to the bidirectional communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host and contributing to the architecture of intestinal-liver and -brain and -endocrine axes. Bile acids exert their function by binding to a group of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as bile acid-regulated receptors (BARRs), expressed in monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, CD4+ T effector cells, including Th17, T regulatory cells, dendritic cells and type 3 of intestinal lymphoid cells and NKT cells, highlighting their role in immune regulation. In this review we report on how bile acids and their metabolitesmodulate the immune system in inflammations and cancers and could be exploiting for developing novel therapeutic approaches in these disorders.

胆汁酸是在宿主新陈代谢和肠道微生物群界面形成的类固醇。一级胆汁酸在肝脏中由胆固醇代谢产生,而二级胆汁酸则是微生物酶的产物。人体肠道中会出现近 100 种不同的胆汁酸结构酶修饰,临床指导下的元基因组和代谢组分析发现了大量新型代谢物。这些化学介质对后生物群的组成和功能做出了重要贡献,参与了肠道微生物群与宿主的双向交流,并对肠-肝、脑和内分泌轴的结构做出了贡献。胆汁酸通过与一组统称为胆汁酸调控受体(BARRs)的细胞膜和核受体结合来发挥其功能,这些受体表达于单核细胞、组织驻留巨噬细胞、CD4+ T效应细胞(包括Th17)、T调节细胞、树突状细胞以及肠道淋巴细胞的3型和NKT细胞,突出了它们在免疫调节中的作用。在这篇综述中,我们报告了胆汁酸及其代谢产物如何在炎症和癌症中调节免疫系统,并可用于开发治疗这些疾病的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation 植物萜类化合物生物合成网络及其多层调控。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287
Matthew E. Bergman , Ruy W.J. Kortbeek , Michael Gutensohn , Natalia Dudareva

Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.

萜类化合物是自然界中种类最多、化学性质最复杂的初级和次级代谢物之一,在植物中具有广泛的功能作用。所有萜类化合物的生物合成都始于通用的五碳结构单元--异戊烯基二磷酸(IPP)及其烯丙基异构体二甲基烯丙基二磷酸(DMAPP),在植物中,这两种物质分别来自两个相互分离但代谢相互影响的途径--甲羟戊酸(MVA)和季戊四醇磷酸酯(MEP)途径。在此,我们回顾了目前有关萜类化合物前体途径的知识,并强调了关键的隐性制约因素以及通过植物中的萜类化合物生物合成网络协调和平衡碳通量的多种调控机制。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging altered lipid metabolism in treating B cell malignancies 利用改变的脂质代谢治疗 B 细胞恶性肿瘤。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101288
Jaewoong Lee , Arya Mani , Min-Jeong Shin , Ronald M. Krauss

B cell malignancies, comprising over 80 heterogeneous blood cancers, pose significant prognostic challenges due to intricate oncogenic signaling. Emerging evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of disrupted lipid metabolism in the development of these malignancies. Variations in lipid species, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids, are widespread across B cell malignancies, contributing to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival.

Phospholipids play a crucial role in initial signaling cascades leading to B cell activation and malignant transformation through constitutive B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Dysregulated cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis support lipid raft integrity, crucial for propagating oncogenic signals. Sphingolipids impact malignant B cell stemness, proliferation, and survival, while glycosphingolipids in lipid rafts modulate BCR activation. Additionally, cancer cells enhance fatty acid-related processes to meet heightened metabolic demands. In obese individuals, the obesity-derived lipids and adipokines surrounding adipocytes rewire lipid metabolism in malignant B cells, evading cytotoxic therapies. Genetic drivers such as MYC translocations also intrinsically alter lipid metabolism in malignant B cells.

In summary, intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge to reprogram lipid metabolism, fostering aggressive phenotypes in B cell malignancies. Therefore, targeting altered lipid metabolism has translational potential for improving risk stratification and clinical management of diverse B cell malignancy subtypes.

B 细胞恶性肿瘤包括 80 多种异质性血癌,由于其致癌信号错综复杂,给预后带来了巨大挑战。新的证据强调,脂质代谢紊乱在这些恶性肿瘤的发展中起着关键作用。脂质种类(如磷脂、胆固醇、鞘脂和脂肪酸)的变化在 B 细胞恶性肿瘤中非常普遍,导致细胞增殖和存活失控。磷脂在最初的信号级联中起着至关重要的作用,它通过组成型 B 细胞受体(BCR)信号传导导致 B 细胞活化和恶性转化。胆固醇和鞘脂平衡失调支持脂质筏的完整性,这对传播致癌信号至关重要。鞘脂会影响恶性 B 细胞的干性、增殖和存活,而脂质筏中的糖磷脂会调节 BCR 的激活。此外,癌细胞还会增强与脂肪酸相关的过程,以满足更高的代谢需求。在肥胖人群中,肥胖衍生的脂质和脂肪细胞周围的脂肪因子会重新连接恶性 B 细胞的脂质代谢,从而逃避细胞毒性疗法。MYC 易位等遗传驱动因素也从本质上改变了恶性 B 细胞的脂质代谢。总之,内在和外在因素共同作用,重塑了脂质代谢,促进了 B 细胞恶性肿瘤的侵袭性表型。因此,针对脂质代谢的改变具有转化潜力,可改善不同 B 细胞恶性肿瘤亚型的风险分层和临床管理。
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引用次数: 0
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Progress in lipid research
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