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How fish consumption prevents the development of Major Depressive Disorder? A comprehensive review of the interplay between n-3 PUFAs, LTP and BDNF 鱼类消费如何预防严重抑郁症的发展?n-3 PUFA、LTP和BDNF之间相互作用的全面综述。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101254
Łukasz Kołodziej , Piotr Lech Czarny , Sylwia Ziółkowska , Katarzyna Białek , Janusz Szemraj , Piotr Gałecki , Kuan-Pin Su , Tomasz Śliwiński

MDD (major depressive disorder) is a highly prevalent mental disorder with a complex etiology involving behavioral and neurochemical factors as well as environmental stress. The interindividual variability in response to stress stimuli may be explained by processes such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP can be described as the strengthening of synaptic transmission, which translates into more efficient cognitive performance and is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein responsible for promoting neural growth. It is found in high concentrations in the hippocampus, a part of the limbic system which is far less active in people with MDD. Omega-3 fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) not only contribute to structural and antioxidative functions but are essential for the maintenance of LTP and stable BDNF levels. This review explores the mechanisms and potential roles of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of MDD.

MDD(重性抑郁障碍)是一种高度流行的精神障碍,其病因复杂,涉及行为和神经化学因素以及环境压力。个体对压力刺激反应的变异性可以用长时程增强(LTP)和长期抑郁(LTD)等过程来解释。LTP可以被描述为突触传递的增强,这转化为更有效的认知表现,并受到脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的调节,BDNF是一种负责促进神经生长的蛋白质。它在海马体中高浓度存在,海马体是MDD患者的边缘系统的一部分,其活性要低得多。ω-3脂肪酸,如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),不仅有助于结构和抗氧化功能,而且对维持LTP和稳定的BDNF水平至关重要。这篇综述探讨了ω-3脂肪酸在预防MDD中的机制和潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
The skin barrier: An extraordinary interface with an exceptional lipid organization 皮肤屏障:具有特殊脂质组织的特殊界面。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101252
Joke A. Bouwstra , Andreea Nădăban , Wim Bras , Clare McCabe , Annette Bunge , Gerrit S. Gooris

The barrier function of the skin is primarily located in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. The SC is composed of dead cells with highly organized lipid lamellae in the intercellular space. As the lipid matrix forms the only continuous pathway, the lipids play an important role in the permeation of compounds through the SC. The main lipid classes are ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Analysis of the SC lipid matrix is of crucial importance in understanding the skin barrier function, not only in healthy skin, but also in inflammatory skin diseases with an impaired skin barrier. In this review we provide i) a historical overview of the steps undertaken to obtain information on the lipid composition and organization in SC of healthy skin and inflammatory skin diseases, ii) information on the role CERs, CHOL and FFAs play in the lipid phase behavior of very complex lipid model systems and how this knowledge can be used to understand the deviation in lipid phase behavior in inflammatory skin diseases, iii) knowledge on the role of both, CER subclasses and chain length distribution, on lipid organization and lipid membrane permeability in complex and simple model systems with synthetic CERs, CHOL and FFAs, iv) similarity in lipid phase behavior in SC of different species and complex model systems, and vi) future directions in modulating lipid composition that is expected to improve the skin barrier in inflammatory skin diseases.

皮肤的屏障功能主要位于角质层(SC),即皮肤的最外层。SC由死细胞组成,细胞间隙中有高度组织化的脂质片层。由于脂质基质形成了唯一的连续途径,脂质在化合物通过SC的渗透中发挥着重要作用。主要的脂质类别是神经酰胺(CERs)、胆固醇(CHOL)和游离脂肪酸(FFAs)。SC脂质基质的分析对于理解皮肤屏障功能至关重要,不仅在健康皮肤中,而且在皮肤屏障受损的炎症性皮肤病中也是如此。在这篇综述中,我们提供了i)为获得健康皮肤和炎症性皮肤病SC中脂质组成和组织的信息而采取的步骤的历史概述,ii)关于CER的作用的信息,CHOL和FFA在非常复杂的脂质模型系统的脂质相行为中发挥作用,以及如何使用这些知识来理解炎症性皮肤病中脂质相行为的偏差,iii)关于两者的作用、CER亚类和链长分布、关于具有合成CER的复杂和简单模型系统中的脂质组织和脂质膜渗透性的知识,CHOL和FFAs,iv)不同物种和复杂模型系统的SC中脂相行为的相似性,以及vi)调节脂质组成的未来方向,有望改善炎症性皮肤病中的皮肤屏障。
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引用次数: 1
The fats of the matter: Lipids in prebiotic chemistry and in origin of life studies 物质的脂肪:益生元化学中的脂质和生命起源的研究
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101253
Tania C.B. Santos, Anthony H. Futerman

The unique biophysical and biochemical properties of lipids render them crucial in most models of the origin of life (OoL). Many studies have attempted to delineate the prebiotic pathways by which lipids were formed, how micelles and vesicles were generated, and how these micelles and vesicles became selectively permeable towards the chemical precursors required to initiate and support biochemistry and inheritance. Our analysis of a number of such studies highlights the extremely narrow and limited range of conditions by which an experiment is considered to have successfully modeled a role for lipids in an OoL experiment. This is in line with a recent proposal that bias is introduced into OoL studies by the extent and the kind of human intervention. It is self-evident that OoL studies can only be performed by human intervention, and we now discuss the possibility that some assumptions and simplifications inherent in such experimental approaches do not permit determination of mechanistic insight into the roles of lipids in the OoL. With these limitations in mind, we suggest that more nuanced experimental approaches than those currently pursued may be required to elucidate the generation and function of lipids, micelles and vesicles in the OoL.

脂质独特的生物物理和生化特性使它们在大多数生命起源模型中至关重要。许多研究试图描述脂质形成的益生元途径,胶束和囊泡是如何产生的,以及这些胶束和囊泡是如何选择性地渗透到启动和支持生物化学和遗传所需的化学前体的。我们对许多这类研究的分析强调,一个实验被认为成功地模拟了脂质在OoL实验中的作用,其条件范围极其狭窄和有限。这与最近的一项建议一致,即人为干预的程度和种类会将偏见引入OoL研究。不言而喻,OoL研究只能通过人为干预来进行,我们现在讨论这种实验方法中固有的一些假设和简化的可能性,这些假设和简化不允许确定脂质在OoL中的作用的机制洞察力。考虑到这些局限性,我们建议可能需要比目前所追求的更细致的实验方法来阐明油脂、胶束和囊泡的产生和功能。
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引用次数: 0
Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling during infection and immunity 鞘氨醇1-磷酸在感染和免疫中的信号传导
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101251
Sabira Mohammed , Anu Bindu , Arun Viswanathan , Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar

Sphingolipids are essential components of all eukaryotic membranes. The bioactive sphingolipid molecule, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P), regulates various important biological functions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of S1P signaling pathway in various immune cell functions under different pathophysiological conditions including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and cancer. We covered the aspects of S1P pathways in NOD/TLR pathways, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and tumor immunology. This implies that targeting S1P signaling can be used as a strategy to block these pathologies. Our current understanding of targeting various components of S1P signaling for therapeutic purposes and the present status of S1P pathway inhibitors or modulators in disease conditions where the host immune system plays a pivotal role is the primary focus of this review.

鞘脂是所有真核生物膜的基本成分。生物活性鞘脂分子sphingosin 1-Phosphate (S1P)调节多种重要的生物功能。本文旨在全面综述S1P信号通路在不同病理生理条件下(包括细菌和病毒感染、自身免疫性疾病、炎症和癌症)在各种免疫细胞功能中的作用。我们涵盖了NOD/TLR通路中S1P通路、细菌和病毒感染、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤免疫学的各个方面。这意味着靶向S1P信号可以作为阻断这些病理的策略。我们目前对靶向S1P信号的各种成分用于治疗目的的理解,以及在宿主免疫系统起关键作用的疾病条件下S1P通路抑制剂或调节剂的现状是本综述的主要重点。
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引用次数: 1
Triacylglycerol uptake and handling by macrophages: From fatty acids to lipoproteins 巨噬细胞对三酰甘油的摄取和处理:从脂肪酸到脂蛋白
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101250
Lei Deng , Sander Kersten , Rinke Stienstra

Macrophages are essential innate immune cells and form our first line of immune defense. Also known as professional phagocytes, macrophages interact and take up various particles, including lipids. Defective lipid handling can drive excessive lipid accumulation leading to foam cell formation, a key feature of various cardiometabolic conditions such as atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. At the same time, intracellular lipid storage and foam cell formation can also be viewed as a protective and anti-lipotoxic mechanism against a lipid-rich environment and associated elevated lipid uptake. Traditionally, foam cell formation has primarily been linked to cholesterol uptake via native and modified low-density lipoproteins. However, other lipids, including non-esterified fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG)-rich lipoproteins (very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons), can also interact with macrophages. Recent studies have identified multiple pathways mediating TAG uptake and processing by macrophages, including endocytosis and receptor/transporter-mediated internalization and transport. This review will present the current knowledge of how macrophages take up different lipids and lipoprotein particles and address how TAG-rich lipoproteins are processed intracellularly. Understanding how macrophages take up and process different lipid species such as TAG is necessary to design future therapeutic interventions to correct excessive lipid accumulation and associated co-morbidities.

巨噬细胞是必不可少的先天免疫细胞,构成我们的第一道免疫防线。巨噬细胞也被称为专业吞噬细胞,它们相互作用并吸收各种颗粒,包括脂质。脂质处理缺陷会导致脂质过度积累,导致泡沫细胞形成,这是动脉粥样硬化、非酒精性脂肪肝和肥胖等各种心脏代谢疾病的关键特征。同时,细胞内脂质储存和泡沫细胞的形成也可以被视为对富含脂质的环境和相关的脂质摄取升高的保护性和抗脂毒性机制。传统上,泡沫细胞的形成主要与通过天然和修饰的低密度脂蛋白摄取胆固醇有关。然而,其他脂质,包括非酯化脂肪酸和富含三酰甘油(TAG)的脂蛋白(非常低密度的脂蛋白和乳糜微粒),也可以与巨噬细胞相互作用。最近的研究已经确定了介导巨噬细胞摄取和处理TAG的多种途径,包括内吞作用和受体/转运蛋白介导的内化和转运。这篇综述将介绍巨噬细胞如何吸收不同的脂质和脂蛋白颗粒的最新知识,并阐述富含TAG的脂蛋白是如何在细胞内处理的。了解巨噬细胞如何吸收和处理不同的脂质物质,如TAG,对于设计未来的治疗干预措施以纠正过度的脂质积聚和相关的并发症是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
FADS2 function at the major cancer hotspot 11q13 locus alters fatty acid metabolism in cancer FADS2在主要癌症热点11q13位点的功能改变了癌症中的脂肪酸代谢
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101242
Kumar S.D. Kothapalli , Hui Gyu Park , Niharika S.L. Kothapalli , J. Thomas Brenna

Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis is a key driver of several cancer types through highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) signaling precursors such as arachidonic acid. The human chromosome 11q13 locus has long been established as the most frequently amplified in a variety of human cancers. The fatty acid desaturase genes (FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3) responsible for HUFA biosynthesis localize to the 11q12-13.1 region. FADS2 activity is promiscuous, catalyzing biosynthesis of several unsaturated fatty acids by Δ6, Δ8, and Δ4 desaturation. Our main aim here is to review known and putative consequences of FADS2 dysregulation due to effects on the 11q13 locus potentially driving various cancer types. FADS2 silencing causes synthesis of sciadonic acid (5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3) in MCF7 cells and breast cancer in vivo. 5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3 is structurally identical to arachidonic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z–20:4) except it lacks the internal Δ8 double bond required for prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, among other eicosanoids. Palmitic acid has substrate specificity for both SCD and FADS2. Melanoma, prostate, liver and lung cancer cells insensitive to SCD inhibition show increased FADS2 activity and sapienic acid biosynthesis. Elevated serum mead acid levels found in hepatocellular carcinoma patients suggest an unsatisfied demand for arachidonic acid. FADS2 circular RNAs are at high levels in colorectal and lung cancer tissues. FADS2 circular RNAs are associated with shorter overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. The evidence thusfar supports an effort for future research on the role of FADS2 as a tumor suppressor in a range of neoplastic disorders.

通过高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)信号前体如花生四烯酸,脂肪酸代谢和新生脂肪生成的失调是几种癌症类型的关键驱动因素。人类染色体11q13位点长期以来一直被确定为各种人类癌症中最常扩增的位点。负责HUFA生物合成的脂肪酸去饱和酶基因(FADS1、FADS2和FADS3)定位于11q12-13.1区域。FADS2活性是混杂的,通过Δ6, Δ8和Δ4去饱和催化几种不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。我们在这里的主要目的是回顾已知的和假定的FADS2失调的后果,这是由于对11q13位点的影响可能导致各种癌症类型。FADS2沉默导致MCF7细胞和乳腺癌体内合成坐骨酸(5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3)。5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3在结构上与花生四烯酸(5Z,8Z,11Z, 14Z-20:4)相同,只是缺乏合成前列腺素和白三烯所需的内部Δ8双键。棕榈酸对SCD和FADS2都具有底物特异性。对SCD抑制不敏感的黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、肝癌和肺癌细胞显示FADS2活性和皂苷酸生物合成增加。肝细胞癌患者血清蜂蜜酸水平升高提示对花生四烯酸的需求未得到满足。FADS2环状rna在结直肠癌和肺癌组织中处于高水平。FADS2环状rna与结直肠癌患者较短的总生存期相关。到目前为止,这些证据支持了FADS2作为肿瘤抑制因子在一系列肿瘤疾病中的作用的未来研究。
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引用次数: 4
Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles 哺乳动物脂滴:结构、病理、免疫和抗毒理学作用
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233
Nour Hammoudeh , Chadi Soukkarieh , Denis J. Murphy , Abdulsamie Hanano

Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.

哺乳动物脂滴(LD)是一种特殊的胞质细胞器,由中性脂质核心和特定的蛋白质群体组成,中性脂质核心由磷脂单层组成,蛋白质群体根据每个LD的位置和功能而变化。在过去的十年里,对LD的生物发生和功能的理解取得了重大进展。LD现在被认为是动态细胞器,参与细胞稳态的许多方面以及其他重要功能。LD的生物发生是一个复杂的、高度调节的过程,其组装发生在内质网上,尽管基础分子机制的各个方面仍然难以捉摸。例如,目前尚不清楚有多少酶参与LD中性脂质成分的生物合成,以及这一过程如何协调以响应不同的代谢线索来促进或抑制LD的形成和周转。除了参与中性脂质生物合成的酶外,各种支架蛋白在协调LD的形成中发挥作用。尽管LD缺乏超微结构多样性,但不同哺乳动物细胞类型的LD参与了广泛的生物学功能。这些包括在膜稳态、低氧调节、肿瘤炎症反应、细胞氧化状态、脂质过氧化以及对潜在毒性细胞内脂肪酸和亲脂性外源性物质的保护中的作用。本文综述了哺乳动物LD及其相关蛋白的作用,特别是它们在病理、免疫和抗毒理学过程中的作用。
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引用次数: 2
Archaeal lipids 古代脂质。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237
Tomáš Řezanka , Lucie Kyselová , Denis J. Murphy

The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of ether-linked isoprenoid-based alkyl chains rather than ester-linked fatty acyl chains for their hydrophobic moieties. These fascinating compounds play important roles in the extremophile lifestyles of many species, but are also present in the growing numbers of recently discovered mesophilic archaea. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of archaea in general and their lipids in particular. Much of the new information has come from the ability to screen large microbial populations via environmental metagenomics, which has revolutionised our understanding of the extent of archaeal biodiversity that is coupled with a strict conservation of their membrane lipid compositions. Significant additional progress has come from new culturing and analytical techniques that are gradually enabling archaeal physiology and biochemistry to be studied in real time. These studies are beginning to shed light on the much-discussed and still-controversial process of eukaryogenesis, which probably involved both bacterial and archaeal progenitors. Puzzlingly, although eukaryotes retain many attributes of their putative archaeal ancestors, their lipid compositions only reflect their bacterial progenitors. Finally, elucidation of archaeal lipids and their metabolic pathways have revealed potentially interesting applications that have opened up new frontiers for biotechnological exploitation of these organisms. This review is concerned with the analysis, structure, function, evolution and biotechnology of archaeal lipids and their associated metabolic pathways.

主要的古菌膜甘油酯与细菌和真核生物的膜甘油酯的区别在于其甘油主链的立体化学对比,以及使用醚连接的类异戊二烯基烷基链而不是酯连接的脂肪酰基链作为其疏水部分。这些迷人的化合物在许多物种的极端微生物生活方式中发挥着重要作用,但也存在于最近发现的越来越多的中温古菌中。在过去的十年里,我们对古菌,特别是其脂质的理解取得了重大进展。许多新信息来自于通过环境宏基因组学筛选大型微生物种群的能力,这彻底改变了我们对古菌生物多样性程度的理解,同时严格保护了它们的膜脂成分。新的培养和分析技术取得了显著的额外进展,这些技术逐渐使古菌生理学和生物化学能够实时研究。这些研究开始揭示了备受讨论但仍有争议的真核生物发生过程,这可能涉及细菌和古菌的祖先。令人困惑的是,尽管真核生物保留了其假定的古菌祖先的许多特征,但它们的脂质成分只反映了它们的细菌祖先。最后,对古菌脂质及其代谢途径的阐明揭示了潜在的有趣应用,为这些生物的生物技术开发开辟了新的前沿。本文综述了古菌脂质及其相关代谢途径的分析、结构、功能、进化和生物技术。
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引用次数: 2
The pathophysiological role of dihydroceramide desaturase in the nervous system 二氢神经酰胺去饱和酶在神经系统中的病理生理作用
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101236
Fei-Yang Tzou , Thorsten Hornemann , Jui-Yu Yeh , Shu-Yi Huang

Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DEGS1) converts dihydroceramide (dhCer) to ceramide (Cer) by inserting a C4-C5 trans (∆4E) double bond into the sphingoid backbone. Low DEGS activity causes accumulation of dhCer and other dihydrosphingolipid species. Although dhCer and Cer are structurally very similar, their imbalances can have major consequences both in vitro and in vivo. Mutations in the human DEGS1 gene are known to cause severe neurological defects, such as hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Likewise, inhibition of DEGS1 activity in fly and zebrafish models causes dhCer accumulation and subsequent neuronal dysfunction, suggesting that DEGS1 activity plays a conserved and critical role in the nervous system. Dihydrosphingolipids and their desaturated counterparts are known to control various essential processes, including autophagy, exosome biogenesis, ER stress, cell proliferation, and cell death. Furthermore, model membranes with either dihydrosphingolipids or sphingolipids exhibit different biophysical properties, including membrane permeability and packing, thermal stability, and lipid diffusion. However, the links between molecular properties, in vivo functional data, and clinical manifestations that underlie impaired DEGS1 function remain largely unresolved. In this review, we summarize the known biological and pathophysiological roles of dhCer and its derivative dihydrosphingolipid species in the nervous system, and we highlight several possible disease mechanisms that warrant further investigation.

二氢神经酰胺去饱和酶1(DEGS1)通过在鞘氨醇骨架中插入C4-C5反式(∆4E)双键将二氢神经胺(dhCer)转化为神经酰胺(Cer)。低DEGS活性导致dhCer和其他二氢鞘脂物质的积累。尽管dhCer和Cer在结构上非常相似,但它们的失衡可能会在体外和体内产生重大后果。已知人类DEGS1基因的突变会导致严重的神经缺陷,如髓鞘形成不足的白质营养不良。同样,在苍蝇和斑马鱼模型中抑制DEGS1活性会导致dhCer积累和随后的神经元功能障碍,这表明DEGS1活动在神经系统中起着保守和关键的作用。已知二氢鞘脂及其去饱和对应物控制各种重要过程,包括自噬、外泌体生物发生、内质网应激、细胞增殖和细胞死亡。此外,具有二氢鞘脂或鞘脂的模型膜表现出不同的生物物理性质,包括膜的渗透性和堆积性、热稳定性和脂质扩散。然而,DEGS1功能受损的分子特性、体内功能数据和临床表现之间的联系在很大程度上仍未解决。在这篇综述中,我们总结了dhCer及其衍生物二氢鞘脂在神经系统中的已知生物学和病理生理作用,并强调了几个可能的疾病机制,值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 2
Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases 鞘糖脂在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的病理生理作用和应用
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241
Xuefeng Jin , Guang-Yu Yang

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.

糖鞘脂是存在于活细胞膜表面的主要两亲性糖脂。它们具有重要的生物学功能,包括维持质膜稳定性、调节信号转导、介导细胞识别和粘附。特异性GSL和相关酶在许多癌症疾病中异常表达,并影响肿瘤的恶性特征。GSL在信号通路中的调节作用表明它们参与了肿瘤的发病机制。因此,GSL作为癌症疾病的诊断标志物和免疫疗法的重要靶点已被广泛研究。本文综述了GSL与肿瘤相关的生物学功能,并系统地介绍了利用各种GSL和相关酶诊断和治疗肿瘤疾病的最新进展。还讨论了基于GSL结构的个性化癌症治疗药物和生物标志物的开发。这些进展,再加上通过合成生物学技术制备GSL衍生物的最新进展,表明定制GSL文库在治疗人类疾病方面有着广阔的前景。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Progress in lipid research
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