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Immunology of bile acids regulated receptors 胆汁酸调节受体免疫学
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291
Stefano Fiorucci , Silvia Marchianò , Ginevra Urbani , Cristina Di Giorgio , Eleonora Distrutti , Angela Zampella , Michele Biagioli

Bile acids are steroids formed at the interface of host metabolism and intestinal microbiota. While primary bile acids are generated in the liver from cholesterol metabolism, secondary bile acids represent the products of microbial enzymes. Close to 100 different enzymatic modifications of bile acids structures occur in the human intestine and clinically guided metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to the identification of an extraordinary number of novel metabolites. These chemical mediators make an essential contribution to the composition and function of the postbiota, participating to the bidirectional communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host and contributing to the architecture of intestinal-liver and -brain and -endocrine axes. Bile acids exert their function by binding to a group of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as bile acid-regulated receptors (BARRs), expressed in monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, CD4+ T effector cells, including Th17, T regulatory cells, dendritic cells and type 3 of intestinal lymphoid cells and NKT cells, highlighting their role in immune regulation. In this review we report on how bile acids and their metabolitesmodulate the immune system in inflammations and cancers and could be exploiting for developing novel therapeutic approaches in these disorders.

胆汁酸是在宿主新陈代谢和肠道微生物群界面形成的类固醇。一级胆汁酸在肝脏中由胆固醇代谢产生,而二级胆汁酸则是微生物酶的产物。人体肠道中会出现近 100 种不同的胆汁酸结构酶修饰,临床指导下的元基因组和代谢组分析发现了大量新型代谢物。这些化学介质对后生物群的组成和功能做出了重要贡献,参与了肠道微生物群与宿主的双向交流,并对肠-肝、脑和内分泌轴的结构做出了贡献。胆汁酸通过与一组统称为胆汁酸调控受体(BARRs)的细胞膜和核受体结合来发挥其功能,这些受体表达于单核细胞、组织驻留巨噬细胞、CD4+ T效应细胞(包括Th17)、T调节细胞、树突状细胞以及肠道淋巴细胞的3型和NKT细胞,突出了它们在免疫调节中的作用。在这篇综述中,我们报告了胆汁酸及其代谢产物如何在炎症和癌症中调节免疫系统,并可用于开发治疗这些疾病的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Omega-3 world map: 2024 update 欧米茄-3 世界地图:2024 年更新。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101286
Jan Philipp Schuchardt , Philine Beinhorn , Xue Feng Hu , Hing Man Chan , Kaitlin Roke , Aldo Bernasconi , Andreas Hahn , Aleix Sala-Vila , Ken D. Stark , William S. Harris

In 2016, the first worldwide n3 PUFA status map was published using the Omega-3 Index (O3I) as standard biomarker. The O3I is defined as the percentage of EPA + DHA in red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs. The purpose of the present study was to update the 2016 map with new data. In order to be included, studies had to report O3I and/or blood EPA + DHA levels in metrics convertible into an estimated O3I, in samples drawn after 1999. To convert the non-RBC-based EPA + DHA metrics into RBC we used newly developed equations. Baseline data from clinical trials and observational studies were acceptable. A literature search identified 328 studies meeting inclusion criteria encompassing 342,864 subjects from 48 countries/regions. Weighted mean country O3I levels were categorized into very low ≤4%, low >4–6%, moderate >6–8%, and desirable >8%. We found that the O3I in most countries was low to very low. Notable differences between the current and 2016 map were 1) USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, UK, Ireland and Greece (moving from the very low to low category); 2) France, Spain and New Zealand (low to moderate); and 3) Finland and Iceland (moderate to desirable). Countries such as Iran, Egypt, and India exhibited particularly poor O3I levels.

2016 年,以欧米茄-3 指数(O3I)为标准生物标志物,首次发布了全球 n3 PUFA 状况图。O3I 的定义是 EPA + DHA 在红细胞(RBC)膜 FAs 中的百分比。本研究的目的是利用新数据更新 2016 年地图。为了纳入研究,研究必须报告 1999 年后抽取的样本中的 O3I 和/或血液中 EPA + DHA 水平,并将其转换为估计的 O3I 指标。为了将不基于红细胞的 EPA + DHA 指标转换为红细胞,我们使用了新开发的方程式。我们接受来自临床试验和观察性研究的基线数据。通过文献检索,我们发现有 328 项研究符合纳入标准,涉及 48 个国家/地区的 342 864 名受试者。各国的加权平均 O3I 水平分为极低 ≤4%、低 >4-6%、中等 >6-8%、理想 >8%。我们发现,大多数国家的 O3I 水平较低至很低。当前地图与 2016 年地图之间的显著差异是:1)美国、加拿大、意大利、土耳其、英国、爱尔兰和希腊(从极低到低);2)法国、西班牙和新西兰(低到中等);3)芬兰和冰岛(中等到理想)。伊朗、埃及和印度等国的 O3I 水平特别低。
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引用次数: 0
Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation 植物萜类化合物生物合成网络及其多层调控。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287
Matthew E. Bergman , Ruy W.J. Kortbeek , Michael Gutensohn , Natalia Dudareva

Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.

萜类化合物是自然界中种类最多、化学性质最复杂的初级和次级代谢物之一,在植物中具有广泛的功能作用。所有萜类化合物的生物合成都始于通用的五碳结构单元--异戊烯基二磷酸(IPP)及其烯丙基异构体二甲基烯丙基二磷酸(DMAPP),在植物中,这两种物质分别来自两个相互分离但代谢相互影响的途径--甲羟戊酸(MVA)和季戊四醇磷酸酯(MEP)途径。在此,我们回顾了目前有关萜类化合物前体途径的知识,并强调了关键的隐性制约因素以及通过植物中的萜类化合物生物合成网络协调和平衡碳通量的多种调控机制。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging altered lipid metabolism in treating B cell malignancies 利用改变的脂质代谢治疗 B 细胞恶性肿瘤。
IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101288
Jaewoong Lee , Arya Mani , Min-Jeong Shin , Ronald M. Krauss

B cell malignancies, comprising over 80 heterogeneous blood cancers, pose significant prognostic challenges due to intricate oncogenic signaling. Emerging evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of disrupted lipid metabolism in the development of these malignancies. Variations in lipid species, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids, are widespread across B cell malignancies, contributing to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival.

Phospholipids play a crucial role in initial signaling cascades leading to B cell activation and malignant transformation through constitutive B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Dysregulated cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis support lipid raft integrity, crucial for propagating oncogenic signals. Sphingolipids impact malignant B cell stemness, proliferation, and survival, while glycosphingolipids in lipid rafts modulate BCR activation. Additionally, cancer cells enhance fatty acid-related processes to meet heightened metabolic demands. In obese individuals, the obesity-derived lipids and adipokines surrounding adipocytes rewire lipid metabolism in malignant B cells, evading cytotoxic therapies. Genetic drivers such as MYC translocations also intrinsically alter lipid metabolism in malignant B cells.

In summary, intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge to reprogram lipid metabolism, fostering aggressive phenotypes in B cell malignancies. Therefore, targeting altered lipid metabolism has translational potential for improving risk stratification and clinical management of diverse B cell malignancy subtypes.

B 细胞恶性肿瘤包括 80 多种异质性血癌,由于其致癌信号错综复杂,给预后带来了巨大挑战。新的证据强调,脂质代谢紊乱在这些恶性肿瘤的发展中起着关键作用。脂质种类(如磷脂、胆固醇、鞘脂和脂肪酸)的变化在 B 细胞恶性肿瘤中非常普遍,导致细胞增殖和存活失控。磷脂在最初的信号级联中起着至关重要的作用,它通过组成型 B 细胞受体(BCR)信号传导导致 B 细胞活化和恶性转化。胆固醇和鞘脂平衡失调支持脂质筏的完整性,这对传播致癌信号至关重要。鞘脂会影响恶性 B 细胞的干性、增殖和存活,而脂质筏中的糖磷脂会调节 BCR 的激活。此外,癌细胞还会增强与脂肪酸相关的过程,以满足更高的代谢需求。在肥胖人群中,肥胖衍生的脂质和脂肪细胞周围的脂肪因子会重新连接恶性 B 细胞的脂质代谢,从而逃避细胞毒性疗法。MYC 易位等遗传驱动因素也从本质上改变了恶性 B 细胞的脂质代谢。总之,内在和外在因素共同作用,重塑了脂质代谢,促进了 B 细胞恶性肿瘤的侵袭性表型。因此,针对脂质代谢的改变具有转化潜力,可改善不同 B 细胞恶性肿瘤亚型的风险分层和临床管理。
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引用次数: 0
Oxylipin profiling for clinical research: Current status and future perspectives 用于临床研究的氧脂分析:现状与未来展望。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101276
Karol Parchem , Sophia Letsiou , Toni Petan , Olga Oskolkova , Isabel Medina , Ondrej Kuda , Valerie B. O'Donnell , Anna Nicolaou , Maria Fedorova , Valery Bochkov , Cécile Gladine

Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators with increasing interest in clinical research. They are usually measured in systemic circulation and can provide a wealth of information regarding key biological processes such as inflammation, vascular tone, or blood coagulation. Although procedures still require harmonization to generate comparable oxylipin datasets, performing comprehensive profiling of circulating oxylipins in large studies is feasible and no longer restricted by technical barriers. However, it is essential to improve and facilitate the biological interpretation of complex oxylipin profiles to truly leverage their potential in clinical research. This requires regular updating of our knowledge about the metabolism and the mode of action of oxylipins, and consideration of all factors that may influence circulating oxylipin profiles independently of the studied disease or condition. This review aims to provide the readers with updated and necessary information regarding oxylipin metabolism, their different forms in systemic circulation, the current limitations in deducing oxylipin cellular effects from in vitro bioactivity studies, the biological and technical confounding factors needed to consider for a proper interpretation of oxylipin profiles.

氧脂是一种强效脂质介质,在临床研究中越来越受到关注。它们通常在全身循环中测量,可提供有关炎症、血管张力或血液凝固等关键生物过程的大量信息。尽管生成可比氧脂素数据集的程序仍需统一,但在大型研究中对循环氧脂素进行全面分析是可行的,而且不再受技术障碍的限制。然而,要真正发挥其在临床研究中的潜力,就必须改进和促进对复杂的氧脂素谱的生物学解释。这就要求我们定期更新有关氧化脂代谢和作用模式的知识,并考虑所有可能影响循环氧化脂谱的因素(与所研究的疾病或状况无关)。本综述旨在为读者提供最新的必要信息,内容涉及氧脂代谢、其在全身循环中的不同形式、目前从体外生物活性研究中推断氧脂对细胞作用的局限性、正确解释氧脂特征需要考虑的生物和技术干扰因素。
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引用次数: 0
Lipid oxidation in emulsions: New insights from the past two decades 乳液中的脂质氧化:过去二十年的新发现
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101275
Marie Hennebelle , Pierre Villeneuve , Erwann Durand , Jérôme Lecomte , John van Duynhoven , Anne Meynier , Betül Yesiltas , Charlotte Jacobsen , Claire Berton-Carabin

Lipid oxidation constitutes the main source of degradation of lipid-rich foods, including food emulsions. The complexity of the reactions at play combined with the increased demand from consumers for less processed and more natural foods result in additional challenges in controlling this phenomenon. This review provides an overview of the insights acquired over the past two decades on the understanding of lipid oxidation in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. After introducing the general structure of O/W emulsions and the classical mechanisms of lipid oxidation, the contribution of less studied oxidation products and the spatiotemporal resolution of these reactions will be discussed. We then highlight the impact of emulsion formulation on the mechanisms, taking into consideration the new trends in terms of emulsifiers as well as their own sensitivity to oxidation. Finally, novel antioxidant strategies that have emerged to meet the recent consumer's demand will be detailed. In an era defined by the pursuit of healthier, more natural, and sustainable food choices, a comprehensive understanding of lipid oxidation in emulsions is not only an academic quest, but also a crucial step towards meeting the evolving expectations of consumers and ensuring the quality and stability of lipid-rich food products.

脂质氧化是包括乳化食品在内的富脂食品降解的主要原因。由于反应的复杂性,加上消费者对加工程度更低、更天然的食品的需求日益增加,导致控制这一现象面临更多挑战。本综述概述了过去二十年来人们对水包油(O/W)乳液中脂质氧化的认识。在介绍了水包油型乳液的一般结构和脂质氧化的经典机理之后,将讨论研究较少的氧化产物的贡献以及这些反应的时空分辨率。然后,考虑到乳化剂的新趋势以及乳化剂本身对氧化的敏感性,我们将强调乳液配方对这些机制的影响。最后,我们将详细介绍为满足近期消费者需求而出现的新型抗氧化剂策略。在这个追求更健康、更天然和可持续食品选择的时代,全面了解乳液中的脂质氧化不仅是一项学术探索,也是满足消费者不断变化的期望、确保富含脂质食品的质量和稳定性的关键一步。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial phospholipid transport: Role of contact sites and lipid transport proteins 线粒体磷脂转运:接触点和脂质转运蛋白的作用
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101268
Vijay Aditya Mavuduru , Lavanya Vadupu , Krishna Kanta Ghosh , Sabyasachi Chakrabortty , Balázs Gulyás , Parasuraman Padmanabhan , Writoban Basu Ball

One of the major constituents of mitochondrial membranes is the phospholipids, which play a key role in maintaining the structure and the functions of the mitochondria. However, mitochondria do not synthesize most of the phospholipids in situ, necessitating the presence of phospholipid import pathways. Even for the phospholipids, which are synthesized within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), the phospholipid precursors must be imported from outside the mitochondria. Therefore, the mitochondria heavily rely on the phospholipid transport pathways for its proper functioning. Since, mitochondria are not part of a vesicular trafficking network, the molecular mechanisms of how mitochondria receive its phospholipids remain a relevant question. One of the major ways that hydrophobic phospholipids can cross the aqueous barrier of inter or intraorganellar spaces is by apposing membranes, thereby decreasing the distance of transport, or by being sequestered by lipid transport proteins (LTPs). Therefore, with the discovery of LTPs and membrane contact sites (MCSs), we are beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms of phospholipid transport pathways in the mitochondria. In this review, we will present a brief overview of the recent findings on the molecular architecture and the importance of the MCSs, both the intraorganellar and interorganellar contact sites, in facilitating the mitochondrial phospholipid transport. In addition, we will also discuss the role of LTPs for trafficking phospholipids through the intermembrane space (IMS) of the mitochondria. Mechanistic insights into different phospholipid transport pathways of mitochondria could be exploited to vary the composition of membrane phospholipids and gain a better understanding of their precise role in membrane homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

线粒体膜的主要成分之一是磷脂,它在维持线粒体的结构和功能方面发挥着关键作用。然而,线粒体不能在原位合成大部分磷脂,因此需要磷脂输入途径。即使是在线粒体内膜(IMM)内合成的磷脂,其磷脂前体也必须从线粒体外部输入。因此,线粒体的正常运转在很大程度上依赖于磷脂运输途径。由于线粒体不是囊泡运输网络的一部分,因此线粒体如何获得磷脂的分子机制仍然是一个相关问题。疏水性磷脂穿过细胞间或细胞器内空间的水屏障的主要途径之一是附着在膜上,从而减少运输距离,或者被脂质转运蛋白(LTP)螯合。因此,随着 LTPs 和膜接触点(MCSs)的发现,我们开始了解线粒体中磷脂运输途径的分子机制。在这篇综述中,我们将简要介绍最近关于 MCS(包括细胞器内和细胞器间的接触点)在促进线粒体磷脂转运方面的分子结构和重要性的发现。此外,我们还将讨论 LTPs 在通过线粒体膜间隙(IMS)运输磷脂方面的作用。对线粒体不同磷脂转运途径的机理认识可以用来改变膜磷脂的组成,更好地了解它们在膜平衡和线粒体生物能方面的确切作用。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphatidic acid signaling and function in nuclei 磷脂酸在细胞核中的信号传递和功能。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101267
Shuaibing Yao , Sang-Chul Kim , Jianwu Li , Shan Tang , Xuemin Wang

Membrane lipidomes are dynamic and their changes generate lipid mediators affecting various biological processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as an important class of lipid mediators involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological responses in plants, animals, and microbes. The regulatory functions of PA have been studied primarily outside the nuclei, but an increasing number of recent studies indicates that some of the PA effects result from its action in nuclei. PA levels in nuclei are dynamic in response to stimuli. Changes in nuclear PA levels can result from activities of enzymes associated with nuclei and/or from movements of PA generated extranuclearly. PA has also been found to interact with proteins involved in nuclear functions, such as transcription factors and proteins undergoing nuclear translocation in response to stimuli. The nuclear action of PA affects various aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress and environmental changes.

膜脂质体是动态的,其变化会产生影响各种生物过程的脂质介质。磷脂酸(PA)已成为一类重要的脂质介质,参与了植物、动物和微生物的多种细胞和生理反应。人们主要在细胞核外研究 PA 的调节功能,但最近越来越多的研究表明,PA 的某些作用是在细胞核内产生的。细胞核中的 PA 水平会随着刺激的变化而变化。核内 PA 水平的变化可能来自与细胞核相关的酶的活动和/或核外产生的 PA 的移动。人们还发现 PA 与参与核功能的蛋白质相互作用,如转录因子和在刺激下进行核转位的蛋白质。PA 的核作用会影响植物生长、发育以及对压力和环境变化的反应等各个方面。
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引用次数: 0
Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in photosynthetic organisms 光合生物中磷脂酰甘油的生物合成。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101266
Koichi Kobayashi , Haruhiko Jimbo , Yuki Nakamura , Hajime Wada

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a unique phospholipid class with its indispensable role in photosynthesis and growth in land plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. PG is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts and a main lipid component in photosynthetic protein-cofactor complexes such as photosystem I and photosystem II. In plants and algae, PG is also essential as a substrate for the biosynthesis of cardiolipin, which is a unique lipid present only in mitochondrial membranes and crucial for the functions of mitochondria. PG biosynthesis pathways in plants include three membranous organelles, plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum in a complex manner. While the molecular biology underlying the role of PG in photosynthetic functions is well established, many enzymes responsible for the PG biosynthesis are only recently cloned and functionally characterized in the model plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The characterization of those enzymes helps understand not only the metabolic flow for PG production but also the crosstalk of biosynthesis pathways between PG and other lipids. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of the PG biosynthesis pathway and functions of involved enzymes.

磷脂酰甘油(PG)是一种独特的磷脂类,在陆地植物、藻类和蓝藻的光合作用和生长中起着不可或缺的作用。PG是蓝藻和植物叶绿体类囊体膜中唯一的主要磷脂,也是光系统I和光系统II等光合蛋白辅助因子复合物的主要脂质成分。在植物和藻类中,PG作为生物合成心磷脂的底物也是必不可少的,心磷脂是一种独特的脂质,仅存在于线粒体膜中,对线粒体的功能至关重要。植物中PG的生物合成途径包括三种膜细胞器、质体、线粒体和内质网,途径复杂。虽然PG在光合功能中的作用的分子生物学基础已经建立,但许多负责PG生物合成的酶最近才在模式植物物种中被克隆和功能表征,包括拟南芥和莱茵衣藻以及蓝藻,如Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803。这些酶的特性不仅有助于了解PG生产的代谢流程,还有助于了解PG与其他脂类之间的生物合成途径的串扰。本文综述了近年来对PG生物合成途径及相关酶功能的研究进展。
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引用次数: 0
Oxylipin transport by lipoprotein particles and its functional implications for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders 脂蛋白颗粒转运氧脂素及其对心脏代谢和神经系统疾病的功能意义。
IF 13.6 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101265
Nuanyi Liang , Brian A. Harsch , Sitong Zhou , Alison Borkowska , Gregory C. Shearer , Rima Kaddurah-Daouk , John W. Newman , Kamil Borkowski

Lipoprotein metabolism is critical to inflammation. While the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) have separate yet connected lipoprotein systems, impaired lipoprotein metabolism is implicated in both cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Despite the substantial investigation into the composition, structure and function of lipoproteins, the lipoprotein oxylipin profiles, their influence on lipoprotein functions, and their potential biological implications are unclear. Lipoproteins carry most of the circulating oxylipins. Importantly, lipoprotein-mediated oxylipin transport allows for endocrine signaling by these lipid mediators, long considered to have only autocrine and paracrine functions. Alterations in plasma lipoprotein oxylipin composition can directly impact inflammatory responses of lipoprotein metabolizing cells. Similar investigations of CNS lipoprotein oxylipins are non-existent to date. However, as APOE4 is associated with Alzheimer's disease-related microglia dysfunction and oxylipin dysregulation, ApoE4-dependent lipoprotein oxylipin modulation in neurological pathologies is suggested. Such investigations are crucial to bridge knowledge gaps linking oxylipin- and lipoprotein-related disorders in both periphery and CNS. Here, after providing a summary of existent literatures on lipoprotein oxylipin analysis methods, we emphasize the importance of lipoproteins in oxylipin transport and argue that understanding the compartmentalization and distribution of lipoprotein oxylipins may fundamentally alter our consideration of the roles of lipoprotein in cardiometabolic and neurological disorders.

脂蛋白代谢对炎症至关重要。虽然外周神经系统和中枢神经系统(CNS)具有独立但相互联系的脂蛋白系统,但脂蛋白代谢受损与心脏代谢和神经系统疾病都有关系。尽管对脂蛋白的组成、结构和功能进行了大量的研究,但脂蛋白氧脂质谱、它们对脂蛋白功能的影响及其潜在的生物学意义尚不清楚。脂蛋白携带大部分的循环氧脂素。重要的是,脂蛋白介导的氧脂转运允许这些脂质介质的内分泌信号,长期以来被认为只有自分泌和旁分泌功能。血浆脂蛋白氧脂素组成的改变可直接影响脂蛋白代谢细胞的炎症反应。到目前为止,对中枢神经系统脂蛋白氧脂素的类似研究尚不存在。然而,由于APOE4与阿尔茨海默病相关的小胶质细胞功能障碍和氧化脂素失调有关,因此APOE4依赖性脂蛋白氧化脂素在神经系统病理中的调节作用被提出。这样的研究对于弥合外周和中枢神经系统中与氧脂素和脂蛋白相关疾病之间的知识差距至关重要。在本文中,我们在总结了现有的关于脂蛋白氧脂质分析方法的文献后,强调了脂蛋白在氧脂质运输中的重要性,并认为了解脂蛋白氧脂质的区隔化和分布可能会从根本上改变我们对脂蛋白在心脏代谢和神经系统疾病中的作用的认识。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Progress in lipid research
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