Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-38-46
Z. Abay, S. Sadikalieva, K. Shorayeva, B. A. Espembetov, A. Nurpeisova
Prevention by immunizing cattle against tuberculosis with traditional vaccines and regular testing has long been the main method of controlling this infection. However, the non-specificity of the traditional method shows the need for alternative approaches in the creation of anti-infective vaccines. The development of recombinant vector vaccines based on influenza vectors shows great potential and advantages in providing a specific immune response.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the growth properties of the recombinant influenza virus strains expressing protective proteins of mycobacteria for further use in creating a vector vaccine against bovine tuberculosis.This article presents the results of work on the cultivation and reproduction of recombinant influenza virus strains. Using reverse genetics methods, recombinant strains of the influenza virus carrying the mycobacterial Mycobacterium bovis ESAT-6 and TB10.4 proteins in the NS gene sequence were constructed. Based on the results of the work carried out, the optimal conditions for cultivating recombinant influenza virus strains were determined. Both variants of the recombinant strain showed reproductive activity in the developing chick embryo system, under optimal cultivation conditions.The evaluation of the genetic stability of the insertion of mycobacterial proteins into the NS gene of the influenza virus was confirmed using the RT-PCR method. As a result, it was found that the NS gene segment contains an insertion of mycobacterial proteins TB10.4 and ESAT-6, which is retained throughout the studied 5 passages.
{"title":"Evaluation of the genetic stability of recombinant flu vectors encoding Mycobacterium bovis proteins using RT-PCR and optimization of their cultivation conditions","authors":"Z. Abay, S. Sadikalieva, K. Shorayeva, B. A. Espembetov, A. Nurpeisova","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-38-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-38-46","url":null,"abstract":"Prevention by immunizing cattle against tuberculosis with traditional vaccines and regular testing has long been the main method of controlling this infection. However, the non-specificity of the traditional method shows the need for alternative approaches in the creation of anti-infective vaccines. The development of recombinant vector vaccines based on influenza vectors shows great potential and advantages in providing a specific immune response.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the growth properties of the recombinant influenza virus strains expressing protective proteins of mycobacteria for further use in creating a vector vaccine against bovine tuberculosis.This article presents the results of work on the cultivation and reproduction of recombinant influenza virus strains. Using reverse genetics methods, recombinant strains of the influenza virus carrying the mycobacterial Mycobacterium bovis ESAT-6 and TB10.4 proteins in the NS gene sequence were constructed. Based on the results of the work carried out, the optimal conditions for cultivating recombinant influenza virus strains were determined. Both variants of the recombinant strain showed reproductive activity in the developing chick embryo system, under optimal cultivation conditions.The evaluation of the genetic stability of the insertion of mycobacterial proteins into the NS gene of the influenza virus was confirmed using the RT-PCR method. As a result, it was found that the NS gene segment contains an insertion of mycobacterial proteins TB10.4 and ESAT-6, which is retained throughout the studied 5 passages.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74963969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-55-63
A. Shihad, A. Sysa
The increase in prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is currently a serious threat, thus there is a need for new classes antimicrobial compounds to combat infections caused by these ARB. The growth inhibition ability of derivatives of the components of nucleic acids has been well-characterized but not for its antimicrobial characteristics. It was found that modified nucleosides arabinofuranosylcytosine (cytarabine, ara-C), [1-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)]uracil (TTU), and nucleotides cytarabine-5′-monophosphate (ara-CMP), and O2,2′-cyclocytidine-5′- monophosphate (cyclocytidine monophosphate, cyclo-CMP) were able to inhibit Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, and Proteus mirabilis strains in a time and dose dependent manner via killing kinetics assay. It was demonstrated that studied modified pyrimidine nucleosides derivatives enhanced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) over time (validated via DCFA-DA probe assay). This study has revealed the mechanism of action of cytarabine, cyclocytidine monophosphate, and TTU as an antimicrobial agent for the first time, and has shown that these pyrimidine derivatives enhanced might be able to combat infections caused by E. coli, S. lutea, B. cereus, and P. mirabilis in the future.
抗微生物药物耐药性细菌(ARB)流行率的增加目前是一个严重的威胁，因此需要新型的抗微生物化合物来对抗这些ARB引起的感染。核酸成分衍生物的生长抑制能力已被很好地表征，但其抗菌特性尚未得到很好的表征。通过杀伤动力学实验发现，修饰核苷阿拉伯糖胞嘧啶(阿糖胞嘧啶，阿拉-c)、[1-(2′，3′，5′-三乙酰基-β- d -核呋喃基)- 4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)]尿嘧啶(TTU)和核苷酸阿糖胞嘧啶-5′-单磷酸(阿拉- cmp)、O2,2′-环胞苷-5′-单磷酸(环- cmp)对大肠杆菌、黄体肉瘤、蜡样芽孢杆菌和奇异变形杆菌具有一定的时间和剂量依赖性。研究表明，随着时间的推移，修饰的嘧啶核苷衍生物增强了细胞内活性氧(ROS)的产生(通过DCFA-DA探针测定验证)。本研究首次揭示了阿糖胞苷、单磷酸环胞苷和TTU作为抗菌药物的作用机制，并表明这些增强的嘧啶类衍生物将来可能具有抗大肠杆菌、S. lutea、蜡样芽孢杆菌和P. mirabilis等感染的作用。
{"title":"Estimation of the activity of modified pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives on bacteria cells","authors":"A. Shihad, A. Sysa","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-55-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-55-63","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is currently a serious threat, thus there is a need for new classes antimicrobial compounds to combat infections caused by these ARB. The growth inhibition ability of derivatives of the components of nucleic acids has been well-characterized but not for its antimicrobial characteristics. It was found that modified nucleosides arabinofuranosylcytosine (cytarabine, ara-C), [1-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)]uracil (TTU), and nucleotides cytarabine-5′-monophosphate (ara-CMP), and O2,2′-cyclocytidine-5′- monophosphate (cyclocytidine monophosphate, cyclo-CMP) were able to inhibit Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, and Proteus mirabilis strains in a time and dose dependent manner via killing kinetics assay. It was demonstrated that studied modified pyrimidine nucleosides derivatives enhanced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) over time (validated via DCFA-DA probe assay). This study has revealed the mechanism of action of cytarabine, cyclocytidine monophosphate, and TTU as an antimicrobial agent for the first time, and has shown that these pyrimidine derivatives enhanced might be able to combat infections caused by E. coli, S. lutea, B. cereus, and P. mirabilis in the future.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80195032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-426-432
L. Birichevskaya, E. Kvasyuk, A. Zinchenko
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic accompanied by the emergence of new successive pathogenic variants makes problematic the prospects of the approach based on application of exclusively prophylactic vaccines to combat SARSCoV-2. This reason motivated the urgent need in search and development of chemical formulas showing direct antiviral action.The present mini-review provides data on chemical and enzymatic methods of producing molnupiravir regarded so far as one of the most effective pharmaceuticals for treatment of COVID-19. In conclusion of the literature survey it is suggested to administer lipid-containing analog instead of molnupiravir in COVID-19 therapeutic protocols. In this respect the authors reported the successful synthesis catalyzed by bacterial phospholipase D of 5′-dimyristoyl derivative of N4-hydroxycytidine – the compound allegedly more efficient than molnupiravir in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication.
{"title":"Molnupiravir as a promising prodrug agent for therapy of COVID-19","authors":"L. Birichevskaya, E. Kvasyuk, A. Zinchenko","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-426-432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-426-432","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic accompanied by the emergence of new successive pathogenic variants makes problematic the prospects of the approach based on application of exclusively prophylactic vaccines to combat SARSCoV-2. This reason motivated the urgent need in search and development of chemical formulas showing direct antiviral action.The present mini-review provides data on chemical and enzymatic methods of producing molnupiravir regarded so far as one of the most effective pharmaceuticals for treatment of COVID-19. In conclusion of the literature survey it is suggested to administer lipid-containing analog instead of molnupiravir in COVID-19 therapeutic protocols. In this respect the authors reported the successful synthesis catalyzed by bacterial phospholipase D of 5′-dimyristoyl derivative of N4-hydroxycytidine – the compound allegedly more efficient than molnupiravir in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91392590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-413-418
W. Lian
The article discusses the species composition of Heteroptera in the fields of winter and spring rapeseed in the Minsk region of Belarus. A comparison of the species composition of Heteroptera in different seasons in the fields of winter rape was carried out, the dominant species and families of Heteroptera in the fields of winter and spring rape were identified.On the fields of winter rapeseed in summer, the number of species and individuals of Heteroptera is greater than in spring. 41 species were found in the fields of winter rapeseed, they belong to 11 families. Representatives of 9 species were noted among carnivore; their abundance is 23.42 %. The number of collected larvae was 20.25 % of the total number of individuals, of which 14.24 % of larvae belong to the family Miridae. The larvae appear in the fields with the onset of summer. The dominant species is Lygus rugulipennis – 30.7 %. Representatives of 16 species from 7 families of Heteroptera were found in the fields, with the dominant family Miridae – 78.23 %. Representatives of 5 species were noted among carnivore; their abundance is 8.84 %. The number of larvae collected during this period exceeded adults by 1.4 times. The Cymidae family was found only in field No. 3 of winter rape, Rhopalidae was found in the field of spring rape in 2016.
{"title":"Species composition of bedbugs (Heteroptera) in the rapeseed fields in the Minsk region of Belarus","authors":"W. Lian","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-413-418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-413-418","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the species composition of Heteroptera in the fields of winter and spring rapeseed in the Minsk region of Belarus. A comparison of the species composition of Heteroptera in different seasons in the fields of winter rape was carried out, the dominant species and families of Heteroptera in the fields of winter and spring rape were identified.On the fields of winter rapeseed in summer, the number of species and individuals of Heteroptera is greater than in spring. 41 species were found in the fields of winter rapeseed, they belong to 11 families. Representatives of 9 species were noted among carnivore; their abundance is 23.42 %. The number of collected larvae was 20.25 % of the total number of individuals, of which 14.24 % of larvae belong to the family Miridae. The larvae appear in the fields with the onset of summer. The dominant species is Lygus rugulipennis – 30.7 %. Representatives of 16 species from 7 families of Heteroptera were found in the fields, with the dominant family Miridae – 78.23 %. Representatives of 5 species were noted among carnivore; their abundance is 8.84 %. The number of larvae collected during this period exceeded adults by 1.4 times. The Cymidae family was found only in field No. 3 of winter rape, Rhopalidae was found in the field of spring rape in 2016.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89755473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-398-405
Y. Strakh, O. S. Ignatovets
Currently, biodiversity conservation is one of the key areas for sustainable development of the world economy. A combination of abiotic and biotic factors constantly affects the plant community. Often, together with anthropogenic stress factors, they adversely affect the ability of plants to adapt without compromising physiological parameters and to narrow the limits of tolerance and resistance. One of the options for determining the susceptibility or resistance of populations to climatic conditions and anthropogenic stress factors is to study the complex of enzymes responsible for the formation of the antioxidant defense of the cell. Cloudberry squat refers to relict plants that are endangered in the Republic of Belarus.The studies have shown that the most oppressed of the studied populations of Rubus chamaemorus L. is “Zhada”; however, ongoing measures to restore the hydrological regime of this territory can have a positive impact on its future condition. These studies were carried out for the first time for the southern border of the habitat.“Lonno” population plants are assessed as the most promising ones for use in breeding and distribution of cloudberries that, in turn, will allow preserving this relic species in Belarus.
{"title":"Analysis of the enzyme activity of the Rubus chamaemorus L. antioxidant system","authors":"Y. Strakh, O. S. Ignatovets","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-398-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-398-405","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, biodiversity conservation is one of the key areas for sustainable development of the world economy. A combination of abiotic and biotic factors constantly affects the plant community. Often, together with anthropogenic stress factors, they adversely affect the ability of plants to adapt without compromising physiological parameters and to narrow the limits of tolerance and resistance. One of the options for determining the susceptibility or resistance of populations to climatic conditions and anthropogenic stress factors is to study the complex of enzymes responsible for the formation of the antioxidant defense of the cell. Cloudberry squat refers to relict plants that are endangered in the Republic of Belarus.The studies have shown that the most oppressed of the studied populations of Rubus chamaemorus L. is “Zhada”; however, ongoing measures to restore the hydrological regime of this territory can have a positive impact on its future condition. These studies were carried out for the first time for the southern border of the habitat.“Lonno” population plants are assessed as the most promising ones for use in breeding and distribution of cloudberries that, in turn, will allow preserving this relic species in Belarus.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77276307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-419-425
A. Stanavaya, V. Abashkin, A. Vcherashniaya, M. Terehova, V. Zhogla, I. Halets-Bui, S. S. Zhyvitskaya, Dzmitry G. Shcharbin
The development of effective drug delivery systems is a crusial task for modern medicine. The main problem is the occurrence of non-specific toxicity leading to undesirable side effects in vivo.This article aims at reviewing resent research on the toxicity of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in vivo. The research results show that the toxicity of PAMAM dendrimers and modified nanoparticles depends both on the characteristics of the particles themselves (size, generation and surface charge) and on the administration parameters. It has been shown that cationic PAMAM dendrimers of small and medium generations are non-toxic in vivo when administered intravenously and intraperitoneally to mice at doses up to 10 mg/kg. In turn, anionic, neutral, and modified PAMAM dendrimers do not exhibit toxicity, regardless of the route of administration. Thus, by varying methods of administration, the dose, and modifying the surface of dendrimers, the decrease in toxicity can be achieved, promising a path towards their successfully aplication as drug carriers.
{"title":"Toxicity of polyamidoamine dendrimers in vivo","authors":"A. Stanavaya, V. Abashkin, A. Vcherashniaya, M. Terehova, V. Zhogla, I. Halets-Bui, S. S. Zhyvitskaya, Dzmitry G. Shcharbin","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-419-425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-419-425","url":null,"abstract":"The development of effective drug delivery systems is a crusial task for modern medicine. The main problem is the occurrence of non-specific toxicity leading to undesirable side effects in vivo.This article aims at reviewing resent research on the toxicity of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in vivo. The research results show that the toxicity of PAMAM dendrimers and modified nanoparticles depends both on the characteristics of the particles themselves (size, generation and surface charge) and on the administration parameters. It has been shown that cationic PAMAM dendrimers of small and medium generations are non-toxic in vivo when administered intravenously and intraperitoneally to mice at doses up to 10 mg/kg. In turn, anionic, neutral, and modified PAMAM dendrimers do not exhibit toxicity, regardless of the route of administration. Thus, by varying methods of administration, the dose, and modifying the surface of dendrimers, the decrease in toxicity can be achieved, promising a path towards their successfully aplication as drug carriers.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84619445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-406-412
T. I. Nikanovich
The article contains the information about 29 historical varieties of roses cultivated in the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for more than 50–70 years. They belong to 5 garden groups, including the oldest roses – repairable ones. The plants were described and the morphometric indicators and features of flowering plants in the garden were established. Winter hardiness of varieties in local conditions was estimated. It is noted that such varieties should be preserved in collections, because they not only reflect the history of rose breeding, but also are a valuable gene pool for breeding work.
{"title":"Historical varieties in the rose collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus","authors":"T. I. Nikanovich","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-406-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-406-412","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the information about 29 historical varieties of roses cultivated in the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for more than 50–70 years. They belong to 5 garden groups, including the oldest roses – repairable ones. The plants were described and the morphometric indicators and features of flowering plants in the garden were established. Winter hardiness of varieties in local conditions was estimated. It is noted that such varieties should be preserved in collections, because they not only reflect the history of rose breeding, but also are a valuable gene pool for breeding work.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75150947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-386-397
N. Paklonskaya, T. Amvrosieva, Y. Kaltunova, I. Belskaya, Y. A. Shilava
{"title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of wastewater viral contamination as a control element for the circulation of enteric viruses in the Republic of Belarus","authors":"N. Paklonskaya, T. Amvrosieva, Y. Kaltunova, I. Belskaya, Y. A. Shilava","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-386-397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-386-397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80493357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-374-385
I. Stepanovich, Y. S. Shavalda
The possibilities of the method of ecological-phytocenotic profiles in the study of roadside vegetation are tracked. Its advantages are noted: it increases the representativeness of geobotanical relevés, allows to make an objective comparative analysis of the state of phytocenoses, their components, ecotopes in spatiotemporal relationship.Ecological and phytocenological studies carried out along roads and railways show, firstly, the regional features of flora, and secondly, the specifics of the ecosystem belonging of species and phytocenoses. The degree of synanthropization of vegetation in all exposures (“notch”, “zero mark” and “mound”) naturally decreases from extremely high near the road to the minimum at a distance of 50 m or more from the road path. At the same time the highest rates and the sharpest decrease in synanthropization are observed in the “mound” exposition in closed floodplain and swampy ecosystems, as well as in the “notch” exposition in the forest ecosystem. These changes in the forest ecosystem are somewhat lower in the expositions “mound” and “zero mark”. Forest acts as a barrier. The amplitude of the distribution of anthropophytes along the profile is generally small in open meadows and in agroecosystems. The impact of mound slopes, the direction of roads and railways on the intensity of synanthropization of vegetation, including the penetration of invasive species, was found.
{"title":"Advanced methodology of ecological and geobotanical research of roadside vegetation","authors":"I. Stepanovich, Y. S. Shavalda","doi":"10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-374-385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-374-385","url":null,"abstract":"The possibilities of the method of ecological-phytocenotic profiles in the study of roadside vegetation are tracked. Its advantages are noted: it increases the representativeness of geobotanical relevés, allows to make an objective comparative analysis of the state of phytocenoses, their components, ecotopes in spatiotemporal relationship.Ecological and phytocenological studies carried out along roads and railways show, firstly, the regional features of flora, and secondly, the specifics of the ecosystem belonging of species and phytocenoses. The degree of synanthropization of vegetation in all exposures (“notch”, “zero mark” and “mound”) naturally decreases from extremely high near the road to the minimum at a distance of 50 m or more from the road path. At the same time the highest rates and the sharpest decrease in synanthropization are observed in the “mound” exposition in closed floodplain and swampy ecosystems, as well as in the “notch” exposition in the forest ecosystem. These changes in the forest ecosystem are somewhat lower in the expositions “mound” and “zero mark”. Forest acts as a barrier. The amplitude of the distribution of anthropophytes along the profile is generally small in open meadows and in agroecosystems. The impact of mound slopes, the direction of roads and railways on the intensity of synanthropization of vegetation, including the penetration of invasive species, was found.","PeriodicalId":20656,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77756681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-4-351-358
H. F. Kelko, N. G. Dishuk, U. I. Torchyk, S. Panteleev, L. A. Golovchenko
One of the ways to combat the penetration and spread of dangerous pathogens of fungal plant diseases on the territory of the republic may be the selection of domestic varieties resistant to fungal phytopathogens and a reduction of the import of planting material. Over the past decades, the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (CBG) has been working on the development of new cultivars of coniferous plants for landscaping purposes. The purpose of this study was to study of the composition of the mycobiota of needles and shoots of ornamental forms of Scotch pine of the CBS breeding.The article presents the results of the survey of Pinus sylvestris L. cultivars of CBG selection, carried out in the period 2020–2021 years in The Central Botanical Garden of NAS (Belarus, Minsk). As a result, it was found that among the 18 of Pinus sylvestris L. cultivars of CBG selection, the most stable were ‘Woshodjaschaia’ and ‘Minchanka’, the least stable were ‘Karolina’ and ‘Chupa Chups’.The species composition of the mycobiota of needles and shoots includes such dangerous pathogens as fungi from the genus Lophodermium, causing premature falling of needles, as well as Cyclaneusma minus, causing premature yellowing and falling of needles, and Gremmeniella abietina, the causative agent of scleroderriosis or pine shoot cancer. Among the less dangerous fungi, conditionally pathogenic species have been identified – Alternaria alternara, Auerobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., Phoma spp., as well as the endophyte fungus Sydowia polyspora.
防止植物真菌病危险病原体在共和国领土上的渗透和传播的方法之一，可能是选择抗真菌植物病原体的国内品种和减少种植材料的进口。在过去的几十年里，白俄罗斯国家科学院中央植物园(CBG)一直致力于开发用于景观美化目的的针叶植物新品种。本研究的目的是研究CBS选育观赏型苏格兰松针叶和芽叶的真菌菌群组成。本文介绍了2020-2021年在白俄罗斯国家科学院中央植物园(明斯克)开展的杉木(Pinus sylvestris L.) CBG品种选择调查的结果。结果表明，在18个CBG选育品种中，最稳定的品种是‘Woshodjaschaia’和‘Minchanka’，最不稳定的品种是‘Karolina’和‘Chupa Chups’。针叶和针叶的真菌群的种类组成包括一些危险的病原体，如引起针叶过早脱落的Lophodermium属真菌，以及引起针叶过早变黄和脱落的Cyclaneusma minus，以及引起硬皮病或松枝癌的Gremmeniella abietina。在危险性较低的真菌中，已经鉴定出有条件致病性的物种——互花霉、普鲁兰Auerobasidium pululans、枝孢霉、Phoma spp以及内生真菌Sydowia polyspora。
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