Psychiatric Quarterly最新文献

The extensive presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in children has been established through documentation. Still, the detailed connections between specific types of ACEs and psychiatric symptoms have not yet been comprehensively understood. A network analysis approach has not been undertaken to study how ACEs affect internalizing and externalizing symptoms among high school students in Jordan. The research investigates how ACEs lead to internalizing and externalizing symptoms through network analysis, which helps reveal the complex interconnections between these factors. A total of 517 high school student participants (mean age: 14.47 ± 2.25) and their parents completed the modified list of ACEs and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) self-report measures. The Extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) were used for unidirectional and directional methods. The network analysis identified key nodes and connections within internalizing, externalizing, and ACE symptoms. YSR.35 (Worthless) had the highest strength centrality among internalizing symptoms (0.89), while YSR.41 (Impulsive) (0.77) and ACE.3 (Physical abuse) (0.68) ranked highest for externalizing and ACE items, respectively. Centrality measures highlighted ACE.1 (Loss of a parent) as the most influential node (betweenness = 3.738, closeness = 2.664, strength = 2.866), followed by YSR.29 (Fears) (strength = 1.938) and YSR.104 (Talks too much) (betweenness = 1.921). The DAG results, generated using the iamb algorithm with bootstrapping (1,000 iterations), showed higher levels of ACE's predicated Affective Problems and symptoms. In conclusion, these findings underscore the need for more targeted and timely interventions to prevent the emergence of more complex disorders in the future. Ultimately, the implications of this research can contribute to the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of ACEs on mental health.

Psychological suffering of healthcare professionals, during War times, is ignored in literature. While struggling to provide ultimate care, HCP need support and psychological counseling. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderation effect of resilience on the relationship between life satisfaction, depression, and PTSD controlling for the sociodemographic and personal characteristics among on-duty healthcare professionals in Gaza. A convenience sample of 150 on-duty healthcare professionals filled out an online survey. The sample targeted a convenience sample of HCWs who are currently on duty in Gaza. Data collected regrading satisfaction with life, PTSD, depression, and resilience. Data collected from August to end of Sept 2024. Of the sample, 94.7% (n = 146) met criteria of PTSD, 85.3% (n = 128) reported a severe form of depression, 59.3% (n = 89) have a low level of resilience, and 74.7% (n = 112) reported that they are dissatisfied with their life. The analysis showed that resilience has no significant moderation effect on the relationship between psychological factors and PTSD controlling for demographic and personal characteristics as the R² change of 0.011 in the model was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Years of experience, age and having mental illness were significant risk factors to develop PTSD. There is a need to provide an urgent psychological counselling to healthcare professionals in Gaza. Online and face-to-face help groups and peer to peer support need to be established.

Suicide remains a significant cause of premature death in schizophrenia patients. Structural alterations in the brain and neurobiological mechanisms behind suicidal behavior (SB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) have received increasing attention. The amygdala and hippocampus regulate behaviors such as risk-taking, impulsivity, and emotional processing. Abnormalities in these regions have been linked with suicidal ideation, behavior, and psychotic symptoms. However, the association remains unclear. The study included 20 FES patients with current SB, 51 FES patients without SB, and 42 healthy controls. All patients were subjected to clinical evaluations to assess psychotic symptoms and suicidal ideation and behavior, both current and lifetime. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were processed through two web-based automatic analysis tools, MRICloud, and volBrain. Bilateral amygdala volumes were found to be significantly lower in the patient groups, while schizophrenia and suicidal ideation had opposite effects on amygdala volumes. Hippocampal subfields such as the right Cornu Amnonis (CA) fields varied according to the clinical status of the patients, including the severity of suicidal ideation and behavior. These findings support not only the involvement of the amygdala and hippocampus in SB and schizophrenia but also their roles in the discrimination of SB in patients with schizophrenia.

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ketamine versus electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to November 2024. The randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ketamine and ECT in MDD patients were included. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) and risk ratios (RR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool was employed to assess study quality. Six studies encompassing 643 patients were analyzed. No significant difference was observed in depression symptom severity scores between ketamine and ECT groups (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.53 to 0.48, P = 0.92). Response rates also showed no significant difference between the two interventions (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.72, P = 0.76). Notably, ketamine demonstrated superior memory function improvement compared to ECT (SMD: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.48, P < 0.001). In terms of adverse events, ketamine was associated with significantly higher rates of dissociative symptoms, blurred vision, and dizziness(all P < 0.001), while demonstrating a lower incidence of muscle pain(P < 0.001). The meta-analysis revealed ketamine as a non-inferior therapeutic option for patients with major depressive disorder, with potential advantages in memory function. While promising, the limited number of included studies necessitates further large-scale randomized controlled trials using standardized assessment scales to validate these findings.

The present study aimed to explore the potential moderating effects of extracurricular study habits, internet usage duration, gender and emotion regulation skills on internet addiction of preservice teachers. The sample consisted of 492 preservice teachers (308 female) from 10 different institutions in Turkey, who voluntarily provided data. The findings revealed that emotion regulation skills, particularly reappraisal, interacted with daily internet usage time in predicting internet addiction. High levels of reappraisal emotion regulation were linked to lower levels of internet addiction, regardless of the duration of internet use. Conversely, for individuals with lower reappraisal abilities, a positive correlation emerged between internet usage time and internet addiction. Furthermore, extracurricular study habits significantly contributed to the prediction of internet addiction in a positive way, as evidenced by both regression and correlational analyses. These findings underscore the importance of considering emotion regulation alongside study habits and other physiological factors to better understand and address internet addiction in preservice teachers. The implications of the findings for educational policy and teacher education are discussed.

Depression and suicidal thoughts are significant global health concerns typically diagnosed through clinical assessments, which can be constrained by issues of accessibility and stigma. However, current methods often face challenges with this variability and struggle to integrate different models effectively and generalize across different settings, leading to reduced effectiveness when applied to new contexts, resulting in less accurate outcomes. This research presents a novel approach to suicide and depression detection from social media (SADDSM) by addressing the challenges of variability and model generalization. The process involves four key stages: first, preprocessing the input data through stop word removal, tokenization, and stemming to improve text clarity; then, extracting relevant features such as TF-IDF, style features, and enhanced word2vec features to capture semantic relationships and emotional cues. A modified mutual information score is used for feature fusion, selecting the most informative features. Subsequently, deep learning models like RNN, DBN, and improved LSTM are stacked to form an ensemble model that boosts accuracy while reducing overfitting. The performance is further optimized using the Dwarf Updated Pelican optimization algorithm (DU-POA) to fine-tune model weights, achieving an impressive 0.962 accuracy at 90% training data, outperforming existing techniques.

There is a lack of estimates of prevalence rates of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gaming disorder (GD) among young adults in Singapore. Consequently, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of IGD and GD, and their relationships with known correlates. Participants were a representative sample of 1008 young adults in Singapore. They completed instruments that assess IGD, GD, gaming motivations, negative emotional states, and sleep quality. The results showed a prevalence rate of 10.3% for IGD and 5.0% for GD. Males had a higher IGD and GD prevalence rate (14.6% and 7.2%) than females (6.2% and 2.8%). Furthermore, participants with IGD or GD reported higher gaming time, and higher scores on gaming motivations, negative emotional states, and sleep quality than their counterparts with no IGD or GD. The higher prevalence rates in this study compared to other global studies suggest that problematic gaming is a social issue in Singapore. Known correlates relating to gender, gaming time, motivations, and emotions were confirmed in the current study. The finding that participants with IGD or GD had better sleep quality was inconsistent with previous studies and could be due to the use of a single item to assess sleep quality. Limitations include the use of a cross-sectional correlational design. Future research could develop and evaluate prevention programs or intervention programs to alleviate the symptoms and negative consequences of problematic gaming.

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of mental comorbidities between hospitalization episodes with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to analyze the association of those mental comorbidities with modifiable risk factors that may potentiate OSA. An observational retrospective analysis was conducted using an administrative database of discharges from all Portuguese mainland public hospitals. All-cause adult hospitalizations occurring between 2008-2015 were dichotomized according to the existence of an OSA code (ICD-9-CM 327.23). Mental disorders were clustered into categories 650-670 of Clinical Classifications Software. Within the OSA group, binary logistic regressions were performed to analyze associations between mental comorbidities and modifiable OSA risk factors. Of 6 072 538 admissions, 36 385 had a primary or secondary diagnosis of OSA, which was associated with greater odds of comorbid anxiety disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.84), bipolar disorders (aOR = 2.68), depressive disorders (aOR = 2.38), alcohol abuse (aOR = 1.29) and suicidal behaviors (aOR = 1.52) compared to those without OSA (all p < 0.05). Each of these mental comorbidities was associated with significantly greater odds of at least two of the four studied risk factors that may potentiate OSA (namely obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse and opioid/sedative abuse). These findings emphasize the complex interplay between OSA and mental disorders, suggesting relevant bidirectional relationships, and highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and management of mental health in individuals with OSA.

We conducted a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study using an online survey to explore the personality traits of volunteers in Lebanon and examine their relationship with work engagement, psychological status, resilience, and public service motivation. A total of 270 volunteers were recruited through social media platforms. The survey included general questions about volunteering, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 items (UWES-9), the Big Five Personality Inventory-10 (BFPI-10), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Public Service Motivation (PSM), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2 (CD-RISC2). The results revealed that agreeableness and conscientiousness levels were significantly lower among volunteers with low work engagement compared to those with high work engagement. Work engagement was positively correlated with agreeableness and conscientiousness and negatively correlated with neuroticism. Logistic regression showed that being single with a low level of conscientiousness, public service motivation, and resilience predicted low work engagement. Mediation analysis showed that conscientiousness, public service motivation, and resilience directly influenced work engagement, and depression mediated the relationship of conscientiousness and resilience with work engagement. This study highlights the importance of personality traits, mental health, and motivation in understanding work engagement among volunteers, which can help in designing strategies to enhance volunteers' experiences, well-being, and productivity.

The attitude of psychiatrists plays a crucial role in screening and supporting smoking cessation, especially with people with serious mental illness (SMI). The development of an attitude scale can improve the success of quitting among people with SMI. This study aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of psychiatrists' attitudes toward smoking cessation support (PATSS). Based on the literature review, the attitude scale, which comprised 15 items, was developed and tested with 289 psychiatrists. The tool's psychometric properties were tested by examining item performance, content and construct validity (by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability. The content validity was demonstrated by content validity ratio (CVR) (0.80) and item content validity index (ICVI) (0.88). Both EFA and CFA identified four factors: Priority and Time Commitment, Recovery Impact and Training, Social Support and Patient Factors, and Coping Mechanisms and Rights. A Cronbach alpha of (0.81) demonstrated high internal consistency. PATSS was found to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the attitude of psychiatrists towards smoking cessation support provided to people with SMI.