Psychiatric Quarterly最新文献

The prevalence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) among primary care patients is a significant concern. Despite advancements in medical services, many patients with unexplained symptoms remain undetected in primary care settings. This underscores the urgent need to improve detection rates and identify relevant factors associated with SSD. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of SSD, and the risk factors associated with its development among adult patients in primary care practice. This cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2023 across seven clinics within the Department of Family and Community Medicine at an academic center. Using a simple sampling technique, 300 adult patients were included. Data were collected through a designed questionnaire that comprised sections on sociodemographic information, medical characteristics, and screening questions for SSD. The study revealed a 38.7% prevalence of SSD, with higher rates observed among younger individuals, females, rural and semi-urban residents, the unemployed, those in toxic relationships, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and those experiencing stress. Multivariate regression analysis identified female sex, abusive relationships, stress, and sleep problems as significant risk factors for SSD. These findings underscore the need for improved detection of SSD in primary care settings to reduce healthcare overuse and enhance patient satisfaction. Addressing SSD requires an understanding of its diverse presentations across demographic and psychosocial factors, highlighting the importance of comprehensive assessments and tailored interventions.

Depression and suicidal thoughts are significant global health concerns typically diagnosed through clinical assessments, which can be constrained by issues of accessibility and stigma. However, current methods often face challenges with this variability and struggle to integrate different models effectively and generalize across different settings, leading to reduced effectiveness when applied to new contexts, resulting in less accurate outcomes. This research presents a novel approach to suicide and depression detection from social media (SADDSM) by addressing the challenges of variability and model generalization. The process involves four key stages: first, preprocessing the input data through stop word removal, tokenization, and stemming to improve text clarity; then, extracting relevant features such as TF-IDF, style features, and enhanced word2vec features to capture semantic relationships and emotional cues. A modified mutual information score is used for feature fusion, selecting the most informative features. Subsequently, deep learning models like RNN, DBN, and improved LSTM are stacked to form an ensemble model that boosts accuracy while reducing overfitting. The performance is further optimized using the Dwarf Updated Pelican optimization algorithm (DU-POA) to fine-tune model weights, achieving an impressive 0.962 accuracy at 90% training data, outperforming existing techniques.

Although the concepts of mental well-being, difficulties in emotion regulation, resilience, and psychological distress have been investigated in cross-sectional studies, their absence from a longitudinal study demonstrates a gap in the literature. Following the earthquake disaster in Türkiye, addressing these concepts together in a longitudinal study may offer important implications for the field of mental health. The longitudinal mediation of resilience and psychological distress in the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and mental well-being was investigated in a Turkish adult sample. The study sample consisted of 219 participants aged between 18 and 45 (51.1% male, M_age = 31.60, SD = 7.19). To avoid the limitations of cross-sectional studies, data for the current study were examined at three-month intervals and at two time points in a cross-lagged panel model with a half-longitudinal design to investigate the mediating role of resilience and psychological distress between difficulties in emotion regulation and mental well-being. The analysis found that resilience and psychological distress played a longitudinal mediating role in the relationship between emotion regulation challenges and mental well-being. In conclusion, people's ability to regulate their emotions, be resilient, and avoid psychological distress may improve their mental health. These findings underscore the importance of integrative interventions that simultaneously target difficulties in emotion regulation, resilience, and psychological distress to better support mental well-being in post-disaster contexts.

This study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity on problematic internet use and to reveal the mediating role of self-control and psychological distress in the path relationship between them, providing a theoretical foundation for reducing problematic internet use and promoting mental health among college students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students. Data were collected online using network sampling through the online survey platform Google Forms. Data were collected using the Demographic Data Form (DDF), Physical Activity Scale-2 (PAS-2), the Addiction Profile Index Internet Addiction Form (BAPINT), the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and the Psychological Distress Scale (K10-PDS). In order to evaluate the adequacy of the research model, path analysis, a component of structural equation modeling (SEM), was used using AMOS software. The structural model also exhibits a good fit, with x² /df = 3.105, RMSEA = 0.081, GFI = 0.964, AGFI = 0.924, CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.914, and IFI = 0.949. Physical activity could directly negatively predict the problematic internet use of college students. Self control and distress partially mediate the relationship between physical activity and problematic internet use, and the mediating pathways included "physical activiy-self control- problematic internet use", "physical activity-distress- problematic internet use", and "physical activity-self conrtol-distress- problematic internet use", accounting for 12.6%, 33.7% and 4.7% of the total effect, respectively. The results of this study provide an important framework for understanding internet addiction in this population, supporting the I-PACE model.

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of mental comorbidities between hospitalization episodes with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to analyze the association of those mental comorbidities with modifiable risk factors that may potentiate OSA. An observational retrospective analysis was conducted using an administrative database of discharges from all Portuguese mainland public hospitals. All-cause adult hospitalizations occurring between 2008-2015 were dichotomized according to the existence of an OSA code (ICD-9-CM 327.23). Mental disorders were clustered into categories 650-670 of Clinical Classifications Software. Within the OSA group, binary logistic regressions were performed to analyze associations between mental comorbidities and modifiable OSA risk factors. Of 6 072 538 admissions, 36 385 had a primary or secondary diagnosis of OSA, which was associated with greater odds of comorbid anxiety disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.84), bipolar disorders (aOR = 2.68), depressive disorders (aOR = 2.38), alcohol abuse (aOR = 1.29) and suicidal behaviors (aOR = 1.52) compared to those without OSA (all p < 0.05). Each of these mental comorbidities was associated with significantly greater odds of at least two of the four studied risk factors that may potentiate OSA (namely obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse and opioid/sedative abuse). These findings emphasize the complex interplay between OSA and mental disorders, suggesting relevant bidirectional relationships, and highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and management of mental health in individuals with OSA.

The extensive presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in children has been established through documentation. Still, the detailed connections between specific types of ACEs and psychiatric symptoms have not yet been comprehensively understood. A network analysis approach has not been undertaken to study how ACEs affect internalizing and externalizing symptoms among high school students in Jordan. The research investigates how ACEs lead to internalizing and externalizing symptoms through network analysis, which helps reveal the complex interconnections between these factors. A total of 517 high school student participants (mean age: 14.47 ± 2.25) and their parents completed the modified list of ACEs and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) self-report measures. The Extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) were used for unidirectional and directional methods. The network analysis identified key nodes and connections within internalizing, externalizing, and ACE symptoms. YSR.35 (Worthless) had the highest strength centrality among internalizing symptoms (0.89), while YSR.41 (Impulsive) (0.77) and ACE.3 (Physical abuse) (0.68) ranked highest for externalizing and ACE items, respectively. Centrality measures highlighted ACE.1 (Loss of a parent) as the most influential node (betweenness = 3.738, closeness = 2.664, strength = 2.866), followed by YSR.29 (Fears) (strength = 1.938) and YSR.104 (Talks too much) (betweenness = 1.921). The DAG results, generated using the iamb algorithm with bootstrapping (1,000 iterations), showed higher levels of ACE's predicated Affective Problems and symptoms. In conclusion, these findings underscore the need for more targeted and timely interventions to prevent the emergence of more complex disorders in the future. Ultimately, the implications of this research can contribute to the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of ACEs on mental health.

Suicide remains a significant cause of premature death in schizophrenia patients. Structural alterations in the brain and neurobiological mechanisms behind suicidal behavior (SB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) have received increasing attention. The amygdala and hippocampus regulate behaviors such as risk-taking, impulsivity, and emotional processing. Abnormalities in these regions have been linked with suicidal ideation, behavior, and psychotic symptoms. However, the association remains unclear. The study included 20 FES patients with current SB, 51 FES patients without SB, and 42 healthy controls. All patients were subjected to clinical evaluations to assess psychotic symptoms and suicidal ideation and behavior, both current and lifetime. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were processed through two web-based automatic analysis tools, MRICloud, and volBrain. Bilateral amygdala volumes were found to be significantly lower in the patient groups, while schizophrenia and suicidal ideation had opposite effects on amygdala volumes. Hippocampal subfields such as the right Cornu Amnonis (CA) fields varied according to the clinical status of the patients, including the severity of suicidal ideation and behavior. These findings support not only the involvement of the amygdala and hippocampus in SB and schizophrenia but also their roles in the discrimination of SB in patients with schizophrenia.

There is a lack of estimates of prevalence rates of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gaming disorder (GD) among young adults in Singapore. Consequently, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of IGD and GD, and their relationships with known correlates. Participants were a representative sample of 1008 young adults in Singapore. They completed instruments that assess IGD, GD, gaming motivations, negative emotional states, and sleep quality. The results showed a prevalence rate of 10.3% for IGD and 5.0% for GD. Males had a higher IGD and GD prevalence rate (14.6% and 7.2%) than females (6.2% and 2.8%). Furthermore, participants with IGD or GD reported higher gaming time, and higher scores on gaming motivations, negative emotional states, and sleep quality than their counterparts with no IGD or GD. The higher prevalence rates in this study compared to other global studies suggest that problematic gaming is a social issue in Singapore. Known correlates relating to gender, gaming time, motivations, and emotions were confirmed in the current study. The finding that participants with IGD or GD had better sleep quality was inconsistent with previous studies and could be due to the use of a single item to assess sleep quality. Limitations include the use of a cross-sectional correlational design. Future research could develop and evaluate prevention programs or intervention programs to alleviate the symptoms and negative consequences of problematic gaming.

While some research has indicated the relationship between participation in social development activities (PSDA) and perceived social support (PSS) with problematic smartphone use (PSU), there has been a lack of studies examining these relationships through the lens of the flourishing theory, particularly among adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, this study conducted between April and May 2022 included 4965 high school students from 20 different cities in Türkiye. Researchers utilized questionnaires assessing participants' demographic information, levels of participation in social development activities, The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, The Short Version of the Scales of General Well-Being (GWB), and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support as instruments. Structural Equation Modeling was employed for analyzing the relationships between variables using IBM SPSS v26 and AMOS v24 software packages. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to understand how GWB and PSS were associated with the relationships between PSDA and PSU. Findings indicated a predominantly negative relationship between PSDA and PSU, with GWB mediating this relationship negatively across all PSDA and PSS playing a contributory role in many indirect relationships between PSDA and PSU, if not directly. The importance of the approach in interventions aimed at addressing PSU was emphasized.