Psychiatric Quarterly最新文献

The present study aims to analyze country-specific antidepressant consumption rates across 30 OECD countries, comparing them with the OECD average from 2010 to 2020. This analysis examines annual variations in consumption and identifies potential trends over time. Using a retrospective observational design, the study employs pooled secondary data from 30 OECD countries. A time trend analysis was conducted to assess overall and country-specific linear and quadratic trends, modeling the variation in Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants from 2010 to 2020. Findings reveal a significant increase in antidepressant consumption across most countries. The mean DDD value rose from 52.42 in 2010 to 69.5 in 2020. Three distinct trend patterns emerged: linear, concave, and convex. While 15 countries exhibited a significant linear increase, five showed a plateauing trend, and others experienced exponential growth with a convex trajectory. Denmark was the only country to show a decline in consumption, whereas Norway displayed no significant change over time. These results underscore a notable rise in antidepressant use across most OECD countries, alongside variations in consumption trajectories. By assessing and comparing national consumption rates, this study highlights the importance of international collaboration in addressing mental health challenges and optimizing healthcare accessibility and outcomes.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health worldwide, leading to increased rates of suicidal behavior. This systematic review and meta-regression aim to investigate the global prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors in the general population during the pandemic. The study included 202 articles from January 1, 2019, to October 31, 2023, sourced from databases such as Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The meta-analysis revealed a prevalence of 13.5% for suicidal ideation, 10.4% for suicide attempts, and a death rate of 0.5%, translating to 4.52 per 100,000 person-years. Significant risk factors identified include being transgender, young adults (18-44 years), unmarried status, low education, retirement, living alone, low social support, a history of suicide attempts, substance use, depression, anxiety, PTSD, sleep problems, poor perceived physical health, loneliness, quarantine, and residing in the Americas or multiple regions. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions during pandemics, focusing on high-risk groups such as young adults, transgender individuals, those with low social support, and people with mental health issues. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare providers to develop effective strategies to mitigate the heightened risk of suicide during global health crises.

The present study aimed to explore the potential moderating effects of extracurricular study habits, internet usage duration, gender and emotion regulation skills on internet addiction of preservice teachers. The sample consisted of 492 preservice teachers (308 female) from 10 different institutions in Turkey, who voluntarily provided data. The findings revealed that emotion regulation skills, particularly reappraisal, interacted with daily internet usage time in predicting internet addiction. High levels of reappraisal emotion regulation were linked to lower levels of internet addiction, regardless of the duration of internet use. Conversely, for individuals with lower reappraisal abilities, a positive correlation emerged between internet usage time and internet addiction. Furthermore, extracurricular study habits significantly contributed to the prediction of internet addiction in a positive way, as evidenced by both regression and correlational analyses. These findings underscore the importance of considering emotion regulation alongside study habits and other physiological factors to better understand and address internet addiction in preservice teachers. The implications of the findings for educational policy and teacher education are discussed.

Individual factors play a crucial role in shaping the strength of the relationship between resilience and cyberbullying victimization. This study examines the mediating roles of self-esteem, lover-centeredness, and social networking site use in this relationship through a serial mediation model. A total of 597 adults (460 females, mean age: 22.25) participated in the study, meeting G*Power's sample size recommendations. Preliminary analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and JASP, while the serial mediation model was tested using the SPSS PROCESS Macro. Additionally, a multi-group analysis was performed using SmartPLS 3 to explore differences in the serial mediation model based on participants' relationship status. The findings indicated that resilience does not significantly predict cyberbullying victimization. However, self-esteem and social networking site use were found to mediate this relationship both individually and jointly, whereas lover-centeredness did not emerge as a significant mediator. Moreover, self-esteem, lover-centeredness, and social networking site use demonstrated a significant combined mediating effect on the relationship between resilience and cyberbullying victimization. The multi-group analysis revealed that resilience significantly predicts lover-centeredness among individuals in a romantic relationship, but this prediction was not significant for those without a lover. These results offer valuable insights into the interplay between resilience, intimate relationships, and cyberbullying victimization.

Understanding the impacts of lifestyle on mental health has become crucial. This study analyzed whether regular physical activity influences mental health indicators related to major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, and COVID-19-related anxiety and obsession among Brazilian adults during the pandemic. Additionally, social adjustment and health and disability were assessed to measure broader impacts of physical activity on daily functioning and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic, an anxiogenic period. Participants completed sociodemographic, physical activity, and clinical surveys, along with standardized mental health scales: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Brazilian version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS-BR), the COVID-19 Obsession Scale (PB-OCS), the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0). Descriptive analysis characterized the sample, while univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to explore the influence of physical activity and sex on mental health outcomes. The results indicated that women exhibited poorer mental health outcomes than men across most measures. Engaging in regular physical activity significantly reduced the risk of major depressive disorder in both women and men. Additionally, physically active women-but not men-had a lower likelihood of generalized anxiety and social adjustment impairments. Furthermore, individuals with longer engagement in physical activity (> 5 years) experienced greater mental health benefits compared to those with shorter engagement (< 5 years), particularly for depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety. This study highlights the protective effects of regular physical activity on mental health, with sex-specific differences in its impact. Long-term engagement in physical activity provides greater mental health benefits, reinforcing the importance of promoting sustained participation rather than short-term engagement.

The use of blogs and vlogs by people with serious mental illness (SMI) and common mental illness (CMI) has attracted increasing academic interest due to the development of online illness narratives. This systematic review aims to explore the use of blogs and vlogs, identifying their narratives and characteristics, perceived benefits and adverse effects associated os their use. This would allow us to know the influence of this type of media on authors' personal recovery. Following PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search of four databases was conducted, using terms such as 'blog', 'vlog' and 'serious mental illness' among the most relevant. The selected articles were empirical studies, written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals from 2014 to 2024 and explored the use of blogs and vlogs by people with SMI and CMI. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Self-expression narratives on these platforms tend to be first-person and address issues such as stigma, barriers to treatment and self-management of symptoms. Key benefits include the creation of support networks, reduction of social isolation and individual empowerment, all of which are intrinsically related to personal recovery. However, risks were also identified, such as the possibility of employment discrimination and emotional vulnerability to negative comments. This review highlights the need for future research that explores cross-cultural experiences and provides a sound basis for the design of interventions that promote the positive use of blogs and vlogs in mental health recovery.

The rise of social media has led to increased interest among researchers in understanding the psychological mechanisms underlying the growing fascination with celebrities. Using structural equation modeling, the present study examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the disconnection and rejection domain and celebrity worship, with difficulty in emotion regulation and sense of coherence serving as mediators. An online survey was administered to 837 students (77.8% female) from 11 Iranian universities. The survey included brief versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire, Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Celebrity Worship Scale. The results indicated a significant correlation between maladaptive schemas and celebrity worship. Using structural equation modeling, the direct relationship between EMSs related to disconnection and rejection and celebrity worship was not significant. However, the indirect path through difficulty in emotion regulation and sense of coherence was significant. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying celebrity worship and highlight the importance of emotion regulation and sense of coherence in understanding this phenomenon.

Negative life events have been associated with the development of negative emotions, few studies have examined the chain mediating effect between negative life events and negative emotions among college students. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between negative life events and negative emotions in college students, as well as the chain mediating roles of social phobia and insomnia. A total of 8050 college students in three colleges in Anhui Province were selected through stratified cluster sampling method. Baseline data were collected in 2021 and followed up 6 months later. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the two. Bootstrapping procedure was used to test for mediating effects. Spearman correlation analysis showed that negative life events were significantly positively correlated with social phobia, insomnia, stress, depression and anxiety (r = 0.388, 0.319, 0.448, 0.449, 0.441). Among college students, the mediating effects of social phobia between negative life events and stress, depression, anxiety were 35.36%, 36.81%, and 37.27%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mediating effects of insomnia between negative life events and stress, depression, anxiety were 10.50%, 9.82% and 9.94%, respectively. The chain mediating effects of social phobia and insomnia between negative life events and stress, depression, anxiety were 3.31%, 3.07%, and 3.11%, in college students, respectively. These results indicate that negative life events can indirectly predict negative emotions, not only through the single mediating effect of social phobia and insomnia but also through the chain mediating effect of social phobia and insomnia.

The present study investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression reduced trauma-based intrusive memory frequency and associated pathological characteristics such as intensity and distress. Traumatic stress symptoms and general psychopathology outcomes were also investigated. Inpatients at a psychiatric hospital (N = 25) referred for 20-sessions of rTMS for depression completed daily ratings of trauma-related intrusive memory frequency and characteristics. Linear mixed models and repeated measures t-tests were used to analyze the course of change for intrusive memories. Effect sizes and reliable change were also analyzed. Non-linear decreases for intrusive memory frequency and associated characteristics were reported over the course of treatment, with the changes from Days 0 to 7 being sustained at Day 20. Large effect sizes were reported for measures of traumatic stress, and re-experiencing, depression, and stress symptoms. Reliable change was most commonly indicated for measures of traumatic stress and general mental health. Limitations of the study include the lack of a control group and small sample size. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use a within-subject daily-sampling design to monitor intrusive memories, in an inpatient setting, within the context of rTMS treatment. Routine rTMS for depression appears beneficial for reducing trauma-based intrusive memories as well as PTSD symptoms more generally. The present study demonstrates clinical viability of extending routine rTMS protocols used for depression to trauma-based intrusive memories and associated symptomatology.

The family systems approach suggests that individuals' psychological processes are shaped within the framework of family interactions. Accordingly, the current study examines the long-term effects of intolerance of uncertainty, irrational happiness beliefs and mistake rumination on family communication within the scope of a semi-longitudinal model. The study analyzed the predictive power of intolerance of uncertainty on irrational happiness beliefs and mistake rumination and whether these variables play a mediating role in family communication. The study, which was conducted in two phases at five-month intervals, included 325 adult participants aged 18-51. Longitudinal serial mediation analysis revealed that intolerance of uncertainty increases irrational happiness beliefs and mistake rumination over time, and these processes negatively affect family communication. The findings suggest that individuals' low tolerance for uncertainty may shape long-term psychological and relational dynamics through family interactions. The study emphasizes the importance of holistic interventions to support the functionality of family systems. In particular, it is suggested that short-term systemic family therapy and emotion-focused individual interventions may be effective in strengthening family communication and increasing the psychological resilience of individuals.