Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260339
Іgor Mikulionok, Аnton Karvatskii, S. Leleka, O. Ivanenko
A classification of grinding bodies of drum grinders – mills and crushers – for the destruction of lumpy and bulk materials processed at enterprises of the chemical, mining, construction, food, metallurgical and electrode industries has been developed. A critical review of the most characteristic designs of grinding bodies of drum mills proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the leading countries of the world has been carried out. The designs of grinding bodies are analyzed depending on the method of grinding, shape, degree of assembly, degree of mobility of the bodies elements, the presence of additional functions, as well as the material of the bodies and their structural elements. An analysis of the designs of grinding bodies of drum mills and crushers for the destruction of lumpy and bulk materials indicates the presence of their significant diversity, however, traditional grinding bodies in the form of balls and cylinders remain the most used in industry. At the same time, the most promising direction for improving the grinding bodies of drum grinders is the development of specialized (rather than traditional universal) designs of grinding bodies, as well as materials for their manufacture.
{"title":"Grinding bodies of drum mills and crushers (design review)","authors":"Іgor Mikulionok, Аnton Karvatskii, S. Leleka, O. Ivanenko","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260339","url":null,"abstract":"A classification of grinding bodies of drum grinders – mills and crushers – for the destruction of lumpy and bulk materials processed at enterprises of the chemical, mining, construction, food, metallurgical and electrode industries has been developed. A critical review of the most characteristic designs of grinding bodies of drum mills proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the leading countries of the world has been carried out. The designs of grinding bodies are analyzed depending on the method of grinding, shape, degree of assembly, degree of mobility of the bodies elements, the presence of additional functions, as well as the material of the bodies and their structural elements. \u0000An analysis of the designs of grinding bodies of drum mills and crushers for the destruction of lumpy and bulk materials indicates the presence of their significant diversity, however, traditional grinding bodies in the form of balls and cylinders remain the most used in industry. At the same time, the most promising direction for improving the grinding bodies of drum grinders is the development of specialized (rather than traditional universal) designs of grinding bodies, as well as materials for their manufacture.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73515389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260353
V. Radovenchyk, Kateryna Hordiienko, Yaroslav Radovenchyk, T. Krysenko
Increasing the hardness of natural waters requires the introduction of mitigation systems in offices and private homes and apartments, where it is impossible to implement heating and settling of water, typical of traditional technologies. The efficiency of soda - lime softening of water in conditions of low temperatures and in the absence of settling has been studied very little. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to study the features of soda - lime softening under different conditions in terms of its use in household and office systems. The specifics of calcium carbonate formation process during diluted aqueous solutions softening for home or office were researched. At temperatures of 13 - 18 °C, the formation of calcium carbonate requires significant reagents overconsumption compared to stoichiometry, which is a negative factor for the application of this process in such conditions. In addition the reagents quantity cannot be comparable with the obtained effect. Increased 5 times soda dose reduces the total hardness of the treated water only twice. Even increased 10 times soda dose cannot reduce the residual hardness of the treated solution lower 0.6 mg-eq/dm3. Also there is no clear dependence of the settling intensity on the ratio of components. The pH increasing is less effective than temperature increasing. The process of formation sediment also depends on changing these parameters. It was found that in a neutral medium at temperature 30 °C and initial water hardness of 8 mg-eq/dm3 only single flakes of calcium carbonate were occurred in the solution. By further heating, the number of such individual flakes constantly increases and at 70 °C they were occurred even without treatment with sodium carbonate. Increasing pH up to 8.4 at 40 °C was accompanied by solution turbidity, and after treating by precipitant the instantaneous formation of a white fine precipitate was observed in all water volume. Increasing pH up to 10 reduces solution turbidity temperature to 30 °C and the instantaneous formation of calcium carbonate particles started at this temperature. It was also found that water softening is more effective with its big initial hardness. At the water temperature 13 °C calcium ions are sedimented quite intensively under certain conditions. The ratio between concentrations of carbonate ions and calcium ions K = [CO32-, mg-eq] / [Ca2+, mg-eq] is a determining factor. This is especially noticeable in the range of coefficient K from 0 to 15. Further increasing of carbonate ions dose did not provide a noticeable effect, regardless of the initial water hardness. However, even in such conditions, the use of such method at low temperatures and without settling has quite low efficiency and can’t be used for water softening in office or home conditions.
{"title":"The specifics of chemical sedimentation of calcium ions from diluted aqueous solutions","authors":"V. Radovenchyk, Kateryna Hordiienko, Yaroslav Radovenchyk, T. Krysenko","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260353","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the hardness of natural waters requires the introduction of mitigation systems in offices and private homes and apartments, where it is impossible to implement heating and settling of water, typical of traditional technologies. The efficiency of soda - lime softening of water in conditions of low temperatures and in the absence of settling has been studied very little. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to study the features of soda - lime softening under different conditions in terms of its use in household and office systems. The specifics of calcium carbonate formation process during diluted aqueous solutions softening for home or office were researched. At temperatures of 13 - 18 °C, the formation of calcium carbonate requires significant reagents overconsumption compared to stoichiometry, which is a negative factor for the application of this process in such conditions. In addition the reagents quantity cannot be comparable with the obtained effect. Increased 5 times soda dose reduces the total hardness of the treated water only twice. Even increased 10 times soda dose cannot reduce the residual hardness of the treated solution lower 0.6 mg-eq/dm3. Also there is no clear dependence of the settling intensity on the ratio of components. The pH increasing is less effective than temperature increasing. The process of formation sediment also depends on changing these parameters. It was found that in a neutral medium at temperature 30 °C and initial water hardness of 8 mg-eq/dm3 only single flakes of calcium carbonate were occurred in the solution. By further heating, the number of such individual flakes constantly increases and at 70 °C they were occurred even without treatment with sodium carbonate. Increasing pH up to 8.4 at 40 °C was accompanied by solution turbidity, and after treating by precipitant the instantaneous formation of a white fine precipitate was observed in all water volume. Increasing pH up to 10 reduces solution turbidity temperature to 30 °C and the instantaneous formation of calcium carbonate particles started at this temperature. It was also found that water softening is more effective with its big initial hardness. At the water temperature 13 °C calcium ions are sedimented quite intensively under certain conditions. The ratio between concentrations of carbonate ions and calcium ions K = [CO32-, mg-eq] / [Ca2+, mg-eq] is a determining factor. This is especially noticeable in the range of coefficient K from 0 to 15. Further increasing of carbonate ions dose did not provide a noticeable effect, regardless of the initial water hardness. However, even in such conditions, the use of such method at low temperatures and without settling has quite low efficiency and can’t be used for water softening in office or home conditions.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73683140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260354
V. Vember, O. Lavrynenko, M. Zahornyi, O. Pavlenko, Danil Benatov
Nanocomposites based on TiO2, CeO2 and La2O3 are characterized by adsorption, bactericidal, and virucidal properties and are used to create antibacterial coatings with disinfection air and water. At the same time, the biological activity of silver-modified nanosized particles of lanthanum, cerium and titanium oxides is promising in terms of creating the latest materials for medical and biological purposes. The paper gives a general description of the phase composition, parameters of crystal lattices, sizes of primary particles (CSR), morphology and chemical composition of nanosized structures based on cerium, lanthanum, and titanium oxides synthesized by the chemical method. The effect of nanoparticles of lanthanum, cerium and titanium oxides and their composites modified with a silver (4 wt.%) on the growth peculierities of the microorganisms belonging to different systematic and physiological groups and the implementation of different types of life strategies was studied. It has been shown that silver-modified oxide nanoparticles inhibit the activity and growth processes of almost all studied microorganisms after annual exposure at a dose of 1 mg/ml, while unmodified oxide nanoparticles can show only weak traces of bacteriostatic effect. The difference in the reaction of bacteria belonging to different systematic groups in the incubation medium of the nanoparticles under study was revealed.
{"title":"Study of biological activity of lanthanum, cerium, and titanium oxide’s nanoparticles and their composites modified by silver","authors":"V. Vember, O. Lavrynenko, M. Zahornyi, O. Pavlenko, Danil Benatov","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260354","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposites based on TiO2, CeO2 and La2O3 are characterized by adsorption, bactericidal, and virucidal properties and are used to create antibacterial coatings with disinfection air and water. At the same time, the biological activity of silver-modified nanosized particles of lanthanum, cerium and titanium oxides is promising in terms of creating the latest materials for medical and biological purposes. The paper gives a general description of the phase composition, parameters of crystal lattices, sizes of primary particles (CSR), morphology and chemical composition of nanosized structures based on cerium, lanthanum, and titanium oxides synthesized by the chemical method. The effect of nanoparticles of lanthanum, cerium and titanium oxides and their composites modified with a silver (4 wt.%) on the growth peculierities of the microorganisms belonging to different systematic and physiological groups and the implementation of different types of life strategies was studied. It has been shown that silver-modified oxide nanoparticles inhibit the activity and growth processes of almost all studied microorganisms after annual exposure at a dose of 1 mg/ml, while unmodified oxide nanoparticles can show only weak traces of bacteriostatic effect. The difference in the reaction of bacteria belonging to different systematic groups in the incubation medium of the nanoparticles under study was revealed.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89283366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260350
Anna Homenko, M. Gomelya, T. Shabliy
The subject of the study is the study of corrosion processes of non-alloy steel St 3 in water-oil mixtures to create effective compositions of corrosion inhibitors for oil and oil refining industries. Corrosion aggressiveness of commodity and formation waters, waters present in crude oil, due to their high mineralization, the presence of various sulfur compounds, as well as acidification due to the formation of carboxylic acids and other acidic compounds. High corrosion activity of water-oil mixtures causes rapid destruction of equipment and pipelines. This not only significantly affects the economic performance of production due to the cost of replacing metal structures, but also causes great environmental damage due to environmental pollution by both petroleum products and highly mineralized waters. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is the protection of metal structures from corrosion in mineralized waters and water-oil mixtures. Given the prospects for the use of corrosion inhibitors of non-alloy steel, the effectiveness of alkylimidazolines (C15-C20) in water-oil mixtures depending on the characteristics of aquatic environments and the parameters of corrosion processes was studied. Given that the real formation waters of Ukraine's oil fields differ significantly in chemical composition and are difficult to model in the laboratory, a 3 % solution of sodium chloride with acetic acid, sulfite and sodium metabisulfite was used. Aqueous solutions were mixed with oil in a ratio of 140:10–180:10. The concentration of sodium chloride solution (3 %) is due to the high corrosion activity of this solution to ferrous metals, including solutions with a high level of mineralization. The choice of alkylimidazolines is due to the fact that they are promising inhibitors in both aqueous media in the presence of oil and in oil in the presence of mineralized waters in a wide range of temperatures. There are almost no data in the literature on the effect of pH, petroleum products, sulfites on the corrosion activity of mineralized media against non-alloy steel. There are no data on the effect of these parameters on the effectiveness of imidazoline corrosion inhibitors of steel. The processes of corrosion of steel St3 in 3 % solution of sodium chloride and its mixtures with oil at temperatures from 20 to 85 oC at pH change from 2.65 to 6.25 at concentrations of imidazolines from 2 to 50 mg/dm3 were studied. The impact on the corrosion of sodium sulfite and bisulfite in the presence of alkylimidazolines was evaluated. The effectiveness of alkylimidazolines in the aqueous medium as bactericidal inhibitors under anaerobic conditions has been determined. It is shown that corrosion aggressiveness in water-oil mixtures increases with decreasing medium pH and increasing temperature. A significant reduction in the corrosion rate was achieved with the use of alkylimidazolines. In some cases, the values of the degree of protection of steel against corrosion at
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of alkylimidazolines in reducing the corrosion aggressiveness of oil-containing waters","authors":"Anna Homenko, M. Gomelya, T. Shabliy","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260350","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study is the study of corrosion processes of non-alloy steel St 3 in water-oil mixtures to create effective compositions of corrosion inhibitors for oil and oil refining industries. Corrosion aggressiveness of commodity and formation waters, waters present in crude oil, due to their high mineralization, the presence of various sulfur compounds, as well as acidification due to the formation of carboxylic acids and other acidic compounds. High corrosion activity of water-oil mixtures causes rapid destruction of equipment and pipelines. This not only significantly affects the economic performance of production due to the cost of replacing metal structures, but also causes great environmental damage due to environmental pollution by both petroleum products and highly mineralized waters. \u0000Therefore, one of the most important tasks is the protection of metal structures from corrosion in mineralized waters and water-oil mixtures. \u0000Given the prospects for the use of corrosion inhibitors of non-alloy steel, the effectiveness of alkylimidazolines (C15-C20) in water-oil mixtures depending on the characteristics of aquatic environments and the parameters of corrosion processes was studied. Given that the real formation waters of Ukraine's oil fields differ significantly in chemical composition and are difficult to model in the laboratory, a 3 % solution of sodium chloride with acetic acid, sulfite and sodium metabisulfite was used. Aqueous solutions were mixed with oil in a ratio of 140:10–180:10. The concentration of sodium chloride solution (3 %) is due to the high corrosion activity of this solution to ferrous metals, including solutions with a high level of mineralization. The choice of alkylimidazolines is due to the fact that they are promising inhibitors in both aqueous media in the presence of oil and in oil in the presence of mineralized waters in a wide range of temperatures. \u0000There are almost no data in the literature on the effect of pH, petroleum products, sulfites on the corrosion activity of mineralized media against non-alloy steel. There are no data on the effect of these parameters on the effectiveness of imidazoline corrosion inhibitors of steel. \u0000The processes of corrosion of steel St3 in 3 % solution of sodium chloride and its mixtures with oil at temperatures from 20 to 85 oC at pH change from 2.65 to 6.25 at concentrations of imidazolines from 2 to 50 mg/dm3 were studied. \u0000The impact on the corrosion of sodium sulfite and bisulfite in the presence of alkylimidazolines was evaluated. The effectiveness of alkylimidazolines in the aqueous medium as bactericidal inhibitors under anaerobic conditions has been determined. \u0000It is shown that corrosion aggressiveness in water-oil mixtures increases with decreasing medium pH and increasing temperature. A significant reduction in the corrosion rate was achieved with the use of alkylimidazolines. In some cases, the values of the degree of protection of steel against corrosion at","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76856951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260343
A. Zhuchenko, Oleksii Sytnikov
The pricing policy of the fuel and energy market is constantly growing. The urgency of research is to adjust the optimization of fuel consumption in the glass furnace to obtain the maximum economic effect of production. Using the developed mathematical model of the glass furnace, the analysis was carried out: temperature modes of the furnace, temperature fields of glass and masonry. The temperature distribution in the sections of the glass furnace is performed by means of simulation modeling. The object of research consists of glass mass, gas space, masonry and divided into conditional sections (zones), according to the installation of temperature measuring instruments. In cross sections, the main ones are those that correspond to the position of the burners. In sections on the layers of glass mass, the starting point of the measurement is the surface of the glass mass, and the final bottom of the furnace. The longitudinal sections show the melting behavior of the charge pieces to the state of homogeneity - the transition of glass mass from the loading point of the charge to full melting. The dynamics of glass mass temperature change in the depth of the glass mass layer is the heating curve, the lower the layer considered - the lower the temperature due to the distance from the burners, but within one layer the temperature increases the closer the section to the point. Glass furnace refers to reversible - switching burners to the left or right group. Accordingly, the reverse switching takes place according to a given algorithm, which consists in adjusting the operating time of the group of burners depending on the temperature of the glass mass. The temperature distribution in the glass mass according to the temperature field at a depth of 0.1 m from the upper level of the glass mass is lower by 5-6% from the data of technological regulations. To do this, increased fuel consumption on the burners of the left group, made it possible to optimize fuel consumption. The study of the temperature field of the vault masonry made it possible to avoid problems with overheating and possible collapse of the masonry. Heating of the masonry within the permissible limits from a temperature of 10000C at the edges of the vault and 13800C in the central zone. The cross-section shows the loading channel of the charge, which borders the gas space, so the charge at the entrance to the cooking zone of the furnace receives additional heating and reduces fuel consumption in the first zone for heating the charge. The temperature distribution in the surface layer of the glass mass contains inhomogeneity in the first zone, to achieve uniformity increases fuel consumption on the first pair of burners, which optimizes the consumption of other pairs of burners and prevents excessive gas consumption. The overlap of two thirds of the corresponding plane when leaving the burner of the first section is increased from the required by 5%. In the second section, due to underheating
{"title":"Investigation of temperature fields of a glass furnace","authors":"A. Zhuchenko, Oleksii Sytnikov","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2022.260343","url":null,"abstract":"The pricing policy of the fuel and energy market is constantly growing. The urgency of research is to adjust the optimization of fuel consumption in the glass furnace to obtain the maximum economic effect of production. \u0000Using the developed mathematical model of the glass furnace, the analysis was carried out: temperature modes of the furnace, temperature fields of glass and masonry. The temperature distribution in the sections of the glass furnace is performed by means of simulation modeling. \u0000The object of research consists of glass mass, gas space, masonry and divided into conditional sections (zones), according to the installation of temperature measuring instruments. In cross sections, the main ones are those that correspond to the position of the burners. In sections on the layers of glass mass, the starting point of the measurement is the surface of the glass mass, and the final bottom of the furnace. The longitudinal sections show the melting behavior of the charge pieces to the state of homogeneity - the transition of glass mass from the loading point of the charge to full melting. The dynamics of glass mass temperature change in the depth of the glass mass layer is the heating curve, the lower the layer considered - the lower the temperature due to the distance from the burners, but within one layer the temperature increases the closer the section to the point. Glass furnace refers to reversible - switching burners to the left or right group. Accordingly, the reverse switching takes place according to a given algorithm, which consists in adjusting the operating time of the group of burners depending on the temperature of the glass mass. The temperature distribution in the glass mass according to the temperature field at a depth of 0.1 m from the upper level of the glass mass is lower by 5-6% from the data of technological regulations. To do this, increased fuel consumption on the burners of the left group, made it possible to optimize fuel consumption. The study of the temperature field of the vault masonry made it possible to avoid problems with overheating and possible collapse of the masonry. Heating of the masonry within the permissible limits from a temperature of 10000C at the edges of the vault and 13800C in the central zone. The cross-section shows the loading channel of the charge, which borders the gas space, so the charge at the entrance to the cooking zone of the furnace receives additional heating and reduces fuel consumption in the first zone for heating the charge. The temperature distribution in the surface layer of the glass mass contains inhomogeneity in the first zone, to achieve uniformity increases fuel consumption on the first pair of burners, which optimizes the consumption of other pairs of burners and prevents excessive gas consumption. The overlap of two thirds of the corresponding plane when leaving the burner of the first section is increased from the required by 5%. In the second section, due to underheating","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72881571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254157
Іgor Mikulionok, Аnton Karvatskii, S. Leleka, O. Ivanenko
The classification of roll crushers and mills for the disintegration of lumpy and loose materials processed at the enterprises of chemical, mining, construction, food and electrode industries, as well as in metallurgy, has been developed. A critical review of the most typical designs of roll crushers and mills proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the world’s leading countries has been performed. The designs are analyzed according to the number of rolls, type of roll surface, shape of rolls, relative speed of working surface of rolls, possibility of roll surface temperature control, availability of additional working elements, as well as roll surface material. Analysis of the designs of roll crushers and mills for the disintegration of lumpy and granular materials shows that they exist in numerous standard sizes, but conventional two-roll crushers with smooth, fluted and toothed rolls remain the most demanded by industry. In this case, the most promising area for improvement of roll crushers and mills is to develop designs of crushing elements for the working surface of rolls and materials for their manufacture. In the future, it is planned to analyze the designs of other types of crushing equipment widespread in industry, such as jaw crushers and drum mills, as well as ways to improve their efficiency.
{"title":"Roll crushers and mills (Design review)","authors":"Іgor Mikulionok, Аnton Karvatskii, S. Leleka, O. Ivanenko","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254157","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of roll crushers and mills for the disintegration of lumpy and loose materials processed at the enterprises of chemical, mining, construction, food and electrode industries, as well as in metallurgy, has been developed. A critical review of the most typical designs of roll crushers and mills proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the world’s leading countries has been performed. The designs are analyzed according to the number of rolls, type of roll surface, shape of rolls, relative speed of working surface of rolls, possibility of roll surface temperature control, availability of additional working elements, as well as roll surface material. \u0000Analysis of the designs of roll crushers and mills for the disintegration of lumpy and granular materials shows that they exist in numerous standard sizes, but conventional two-roll crushers with smooth, fluted and toothed rolls remain the most demanded by industry. In this case, the most promising area for improvement of roll crushers and mills is to develop designs of crushing elements for the working surface of rolls and materials for their manufacture. \u0000In the future, it is planned to analyze the designs of other types of crushing equipment widespread in industry, such as jaw crushers and drum mills, as well as ways to improve their efficiency.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78998113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254160
Anna Homenko, M. Gomelya, Iryna Мakarenko, T. Shabliy
The processes of metal corrosion in water-oil mixtures depending on the level of water mineralization, reaction of the environment, and ratio between the volumes of oil and aqueous solutions at temperatures of 20 oC and 80 oC were studied. It is shown that the corrosiveness of the medium against metals becomes higher with increasing level of water mineralization and acidic content with decreasing pH of the medium and increasing temperature. The corrosion rate of metals is significantly reduced in the presence of oil. Increase in the oil content in water-oil mixtures has little effect on the corrosion rate of metals. Increase in the hardness of water in the presence of acetic acid does not reduce the corrosion rate of metals and, in some cases, there is an increase in the corrosion activity of water with increasing hardness.
{"title":"Dependence of corrosion activity of aquatic-petroleum mixtures on characteristics of aquatic environments","authors":"Anna Homenko, M. Gomelya, Iryna Мakarenko, T. Shabliy","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254160","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of metal corrosion in water-oil mixtures depending on the level of water mineralization, reaction of the environment, and ratio between the volumes of oil and aqueous solutions at temperatures of 20 oC and 80 oC were studied. It is shown that the corrosiveness of the medium against metals becomes higher with increasing level of water mineralization and acidic content with decreasing pH of the medium and increasing temperature. The corrosion rate of metals is significantly reduced in the presence of oil. Increase in the oil content in water-oil mixtures has little effect on the corrosion rate of metals. Increase in the hardness of water in the presence of acetic acid does not reduce the corrosion rate of metals and, in some cases, there is an increase in the corrosion activity of water with increasing hardness.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82637376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254154
Mykyta Byshko, Seminskyi Oleksandr, Oleg Zubriy
Synthetic plastics have become widely used in everyday life and industry but, thus, have become one of the biggest factors in environmental pollution. One of the ways to reduce pollution is to replace synthetic plastics with their natural counterparts. The most common raw materials for the production of natural plastics are starch and cellulose. Starch bioplastics are interesting because they are easily modified and can be processed employing techniques and the same equipment that is used for synthetic plastics. The peculiarity of obtaining bioplastics from starch is that the original starch is a dry granular material that cannot be molded in its original form. Starch can be molded at elevated temperatures using plasticizers. When heated together with the plasticizer, starch loses its crystallinity. This happens in two stages. The first stage is characterized by swelling and the second involves gelatinization and destruction of the starch granules. The properties of starch biopolymers directly depend on the starch structure, production parameters and composition of the final additives used. Starches of different botanical origins have different "amylose-amylopectin" ratio, which influences the final characteristics of the product. Good film-forming ability is inherent in starch from ahipa, cassava and corn. Corn starch films contain more amylose and, therefore, have greater moisture resistance but lower modulus of elasticity. Starch with a higher amylose content has higher values of elongation and tensile strength but lower modulus of elasticity. This is due to different sensitivities of amylose and amylopectin to plasticizers. Amylose is less susceptible to the plasticizing effect than amylopectin, so plasticizer molecules interact more efficiently with starch containing more amylopectin. Therefore, a starch film with a higher amylopentin content has better flexibility and extensibility. Amylose influences the gas-protective properties of films. We compared the values of vapor permeability of films depending on different botanical origins and concluded that vapor permeability was higher for films with higher amylopectin content. The type and amount of plasticizer are important in the production of thermoplastic starch (TPS). The introduction of a plasticizer breaks down hydrogen bonds and reduces the glass transition temperature of starch. At elevated temperatures and under shear forces, the starch in the presence of plasticizers turns into a liquid fluid mass that can be fed to the processes of extrusion, injection molding or blowing. TPS prepared only in an aqueous medium has low mechanical properties. Ethylene glycol, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, glucose, urea, amides, amino acids and others are often used as plasticizers. The addition of glycerin increases the plasticity of TPS. Fillers plasticized with glycerin absorb much more moisture from the air than films plasticized with sorbitol. This is because sorbitol has the same hydrophilicit
{"title":"Influence of plastificer selection on starch-based polymer properties","authors":"Mykyta Byshko, Seminskyi Oleksandr, Oleg Zubriy","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254154","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic plastics have become widely used in everyday life and industry but, thus, have become one of the biggest factors in environmental pollution. One of the ways to reduce pollution is to replace synthetic plastics with their natural counterparts. The most common raw materials for the production of natural plastics are starch and cellulose. Starch bioplastics are interesting because they are easily modified and can be processed employing techniques and the same equipment that is used for synthetic plastics. \u0000The peculiarity of obtaining bioplastics from starch is that the original starch is a dry granular material that cannot be molded in its original form. Starch can be molded at elevated temperatures using plasticizers. When heated together with the plasticizer, starch loses its crystallinity. This happens in two stages. The first stage is characterized by swelling and the second involves gelatinization and destruction of the starch granules. \u0000The properties of starch biopolymers directly depend on the starch structure, production parameters and composition of the final additives used. Starches of different botanical origins have different \"amylose-amylopectin\" ratio, which influences the final characteristics of the product. Good film-forming ability is inherent in starch from ahipa, cassava and corn. Corn starch films contain more amylose and, therefore, have greater moisture resistance but lower modulus of elasticity. Starch with a higher amylose content has higher values of elongation and tensile strength but lower modulus of elasticity. This is due to different sensitivities of amylose and amylopectin to plasticizers. Amylose is less susceptible to the plasticizing effect than amylopectin, so plasticizer molecules interact more efficiently with starch containing more amylopectin. Therefore, a starch film with a higher amylopentin content has better flexibility and extensibility. Amylose influences the gas-protective properties of films. We compared the values of vapor permeability of films depending on different botanical origins and concluded that vapor permeability was higher for films with higher amylopectin content. \u0000The type and amount of plasticizer are important in the production of thermoplastic starch (TPS). The introduction of a plasticizer breaks down hydrogen bonds and reduces the glass transition temperature of starch. At elevated temperatures and under shear forces, the starch in the presence of plasticizers turns into a liquid fluid mass that can be fed to the processes of extrusion, injection molding or blowing. TPS prepared only in an aqueous medium has low mechanical properties. Ethylene glycol, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, glucose, urea, amides, amino acids and others are often used as plasticizers. The addition of glycerin increases the plasticity of TPS. Fillers plasticized with glycerin absorb much more moisture from the air than films plasticized with sorbitol. This is because sorbitol has the same hydrophilicit","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82869444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is still no exact mathematical model or control system for sodium sulphacyl production, so not all available control systems are accurate and not all possible disturbances of the system during operation have been identified. An urgent problem is to create an optimal mathematical model and use it as the basis for the synthesis of an amidator control system using a controller. In creating a mathematical model for the synthesis of the control system for the amidation process, it is necessary to understand the component of its mechanism. The amidation reaction takes place with a significant heat release, as well as through the available catalyst in the amidator, and side reactions occur. Using static and dynamic characteristics, a mathematical model was created, from which a control system was developed using a PID controller. After a mathematical model has been developed, it becomes clear that the amidator must be cooled constantly for its correct operation, because the lower the temperature of the amide at the outlet, the better the product. The temperature must be maintained at a level of 324K to 327K with water supply for cooling at 19-20 kg/s. The implemented automatic process control allows the production capacity to be managed at minimal cost. The PID controller, which is configured according to the formula of the transfer function of the amidator and the transport delay link, was selected as the main controller. The controller used includes two components: integral and differential. The synthesis of the control system based on the PID controller made it possible to fully investigate the process taking into account the disturbances, which were still uncertain, increased the rate of reaching a steady level, and reduced production costs.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the technological process and synthesis of the amidation control system","authors":"Ihor Buhaienko, Maksym Kyrylenko, Volodymyr Mylenkyi","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254159","url":null,"abstract":"There is still no exact mathematical model or control system for sodium sulphacyl production, so not all available control systems are accurate and not all possible disturbances of the system during operation have been identified. An urgent problem is to create an optimal mathematical model and use it as the basis for the synthesis of an amidator control system using a controller. \u0000In creating a mathematical model for the synthesis of the control system for the amidation process, it is necessary to understand the component of its mechanism. The amidation reaction takes place with a significant heat release, as well as through the available catalyst in the amidator, and side reactions occur. Using static and dynamic characteristics, a mathematical model was created, from which a control system was developed using a PID controller. \u0000After a mathematical model has been developed, it becomes clear that the amidator must be cooled constantly for its correct operation, because the lower the temperature of the amide at the outlet, the better the product. The temperature must be maintained at a level of 324K to 327K with water supply for cooling at 19-20 kg/s. The implemented automatic process control allows the production capacity to be managed at minimal cost. The PID controller, which is configured according to the formula of the transfer function of the amidator and the transport delay link, was selected as the main controller. The controller used includes two components: integral and differential. \u0000The synthesis of the control system based on the PID controller made it possible to fully investigate the process taking into account the disturbances, which were still uncertain, increased the rate of reaching a steady level, and reduced production costs.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77991171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254158
L. Bugaieva, Y. Beznosyk
In this study, the task is to develop a heuristic procedure for the synthesis of systems for the separation of multicomponent mixtures, which would take into account the uncertainty of the factors of the separation processes and the multivariance of the solution. The authors reviewed the current state of the existing methods for the separation of mixtures. Many works devoted to the synthesis of effective systems for the separation of multicomponent mixtures leave unsolved the problem of taking into account the uncertainty of many factors of the separation processes. In the presented work, it is proposed that a heuristic approach is applied using fuzzy logic. The proposed procedure is based on the choice of a separation sequence that takes into account the value of the separation coefficient and the difference in boiling points of two adjacent key components. The proposed strategy is based on an estimate of the likelihood of each rule for each possible separation. The search for solutions has five stages. First, the mixture to be separated and the available equipment are determined. After that, an ordered list of all separation options is drawn up with possible values of the economic costs of their implementation. Next, the mass load of possible separation is estimated and the separation with the minimum value of the separation ratio is selected. The heuristic is that the heavy separation is done last. And, at the last step, the most economical separation scheme is selected. The above strategy at the stage of quantitative assessment is subject to the value of the threshold S (boiling point difference). This point can be used to determine the quasi-optimal solutions to the problem of sequencing according to the rules of relaxation of separation. For this fuzzy heuristic method for determining cost-effective separation sequences for mixtures, appropriate software has been developed. In addition, since the procedure uses the theory of fuzzy sets, the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package of the Matlab was also used to solve the problem of synthesizing schemes for separating hydrocarbon mixtures. The proposed procedure was successfully tested in both software implementations using the example of separating a five-component mixture. The main difference between the proposed approach and other approaches based on fuzzy logic for the synthesis of separation systems is the gradation of working rules and possible quantification of a set of rules, which eliminates conflicts between the rules.
{"title":"Heuristic procedure for synthesis of separation system for multicomponent mixtures using fuzzy logic","authors":"L. Bugaieva, Y. Beznosyk","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2022.254158","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the task is to develop a heuristic procedure for the synthesis of systems for the separation of multicomponent mixtures, which would take into account the uncertainty of the factors of the separation processes and the multivariance of the solution. \u0000The authors reviewed the current state of the existing methods for the separation of mixtures. Many works devoted to the synthesis of effective systems for the separation of multicomponent mixtures leave unsolved the problem of taking into account the uncertainty of many factors of the separation processes. In the presented work, it is proposed that a heuristic approach is applied using fuzzy logic. \u0000The proposed procedure is based on the choice of a separation sequence that takes into account the value of the separation coefficient and the difference in boiling points of two adjacent key components. The proposed strategy is based on an estimate of the likelihood of each rule for each possible separation. The search for solutions has five stages. First, the mixture to be separated and the available equipment are determined. After that, an ordered list of all separation options is drawn up with possible values of the economic costs of their implementation. Next, the mass load of possible separation is estimated and the separation with the minimum value of the separation ratio is selected. The heuristic is that the heavy separation is done last. And, at the last step, the most economical separation scheme is selected. \u0000The above strategy at the stage of quantitative assessment is subject to the value of the threshold S (boiling point difference). This point can be used to determine the quasi-optimal solutions to the problem of sequencing according to the rules of relaxation of separation. \u0000For this fuzzy heuristic method for determining cost-effective separation sequences for mixtures, appropriate software has been developed. In addition, since the procedure uses the theory of fuzzy sets, the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package of the Matlab was also used to solve the problem of synthesizing schemes for separating hydrocarbon mixtures. The proposed procedure was successfully tested in both software implementations using the example of separating a five-component mixture. \u0000The main difference between the proposed approach and other approaches based on fuzzy logic for the synthesis of separation systems is the gradation of working rules and possible quantification of a set of rules, which eliminates conflicts between the rules.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89576624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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