Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294329
M. Gomelya, A. Holiaka
The main issue of corrosion activity is the removal of oxygen from water. Under certain conditions, inhibitors-passivators are effective. Other methods based on thermal and vacuum deaeration of water. These methods are energy-consuming and do not provide the necessary quality of water, so chemical reagents are used for deep deoxidation of water regardless of secondary pollution. In this work, distilled water with a certain concentration of oxygen was placed in a hermetic container. The calculated amount of sodium sulfite solution (sodium metabisulfite) was added to the water and after certain intervals the oxygen concentration in the water was recorded using an oxygen meter, the sensor of which was placed in the container before. In another series of experiments, calculated amounts of sodium sulfite and iron sulfate solutions were added to the water, the container was quickly closed and the oxygen concentration in the water was recorded at certain intervals. It has been shown that in distilled water at room temperature, sodium sulfite interacts very slowly with oxygen. In 1 hour, the rate of oxygen recovery increases from 27.7 % to 56.9 % when the sulfite concentration increases from 50 to 300 mg/dm3. It was established that iron (II) ions significantly accelerate the rate of oxygen reduction by sulfite already at an iron concentration of 0.1 mg/dm3 at a sulfite concentration of 50-300 mg/dm3. According to the integral kinetic curves of the 0th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd orders, kinetic models of sulfite oxidation in distilled water with oxygen in the presence of iron ions were determined. It is shown that when the concentration of sulfite increases to 200, 300 mg/dm3, with an iron concentration of 0.5‑1.0 mg/dm3, the oxidation processes follow first-order reactions and their speed is determined by the oxygen concentration. When the concentration of iron and sulfite is reduced, the realization of oxidation processes according to the reactions of the 2nd and 3rd orders was noted, when the speed of the process depends not only on the concentration of oxygen, but also on the concentration of sulfite (2nd order) and iron ions (3rd order) . This work is aimed at solving the relevance of the problem of water deoxidation for water preparation in cooling systems. The direction of the research is very promising considering the satisfactory and effective results obtained and the inexpensive chemical reagents used. Further research will be aimed at finding ideal conditions for the reaction and finding optimal concentrations of reagents while ensuring maximum efficiency of the process, which in turn will bring mankind a solution to the problem of spending large amounts of money, chemical reagents and environmental pollution.
{"title":"Determination of the efficiency of oxygen removal from water from the ratio of the concentrations of sodium sulfite and the iron catalyst","authors":"M. Gomelya, A. Holiaka","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294329","url":null,"abstract":"The main issue of corrosion activity is the removal of oxygen from water. Under certain conditions, inhibitors-passivators are effective. Other methods based on thermal and vacuum deaeration of water. These methods are energy-consuming and do not provide the necessary quality of water, so chemical reagents are used for deep deoxidation of water regardless of secondary pollution. In this work, distilled water with a certain concentration of oxygen was placed in a hermetic container. The calculated amount of sodium sulfite solution (sodium metabisulfite) was added to the water and after certain intervals the oxygen concentration in the water was recorded using an oxygen meter, the sensor of which was placed in the container before. In another series of experiments, calculated amounts of sodium sulfite and iron sulfate solutions were added to the water, the container was quickly closed and the oxygen concentration in the water was recorded at certain intervals. It has been shown that in distilled water at room temperature, sodium sulfite interacts very slowly with oxygen. In 1 hour, the rate of oxygen recovery increases from 27.7 % to 56.9 % when the sulfite concentration increases from 50 to 300 mg/dm3. It was established that iron (II) ions significantly accelerate the rate of oxygen reduction by sulfite already at an iron concentration of 0.1 mg/dm3 at a sulfite concentration of 50-300 mg/dm3. According to the integral kinetic curves of the 0th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd orders, kinetic models of sulfite oxidation in distilled water with oxygen in the presence of iron ions were determined. It is shown that when the concentration of sulfite increases to 200, 300 mg/dm3, with an iron concentration of 0.5‑1.0 mg/dm3, the oxidation processes follow first-order reactions and their speed is determined by the oxygen concentration. When the concentration of iron and sulfite is reduced, the realization of oxidation processes according to the reactions of the 2nd and 3rd orders was noted, when the speed of the process depends not only on the concentration of oxygen, but also on the concentration of sulfite (2nd order) and iron ions (3rd order) . This work is aimed at solving the relevance of the problem of water deoxidation for water preparation in cooling systems. The direction of the research is very promising considering the satisfactory and effective results obtained and the inexpensive chemical reagents used. Further research will be aimed at finding ideal conditions for the reaction and finding optimal concentrations of reagents while ensuring maximum efficiency of the process, which in turn will bring mankind a solution to the problem of spending large amounts of money, chemical reagents and environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294323
V. Vytvytskyi, Vladyslav Vytvytskyi, Ihor Mikulionok, O. Sokolskyi, Tetiana Shylovych
The subject of the study is the energy efficiency of the polymer extrusion process in a single-screw extruder for the polymer materials processing. The purpose of the research is to improve the design of the feeding section of the single-screw extruder cylinder, which consists in placing thermal paste in the gap between the connecting cylindrical surfaces of the removable cylindrical sleeve and the channel of the feeding section cylinder, which reduces the thermal resistance of the section wall and improves heat transfer from the processed material to the cooling water, and therefore, it makes it possible to reduce its consumption. To check the energy efficiency of the proposed technical solution, thermal calculation of the basic and modernized structures of the feeding section cylinder was performed in the Steady Thermal model of the Ansys program. Polyvinyl chloride brand SorVyl G 2171/9005 11/01 was chosen as a recyclable polymer, alloy steel as the material of the feeding section elements, and thermal paste with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/(m·K) as a filler for the annular space between the cylinder and the sleeve. The analysis of the calculations showed that the use of thermal paste instead of air in the gap between the cylinder and the removable cylindrical sleeve reduces the thermal resistance of the cylinder wall by 9 %, while with the traditional method of assembling the extruder body, the temperature on the inner surface of the sleeve was 67.5 °C, and under the condition application of thermal paste – 61.5 °C. At the same time, the temperature field along the length of the feeding section of the cylinder is also equalized. In addition, it is worth noting that the type of thermal paste used has almost no effect on the thermal resistance of the section wall, so in the proposed design it is possible to use low-cost thermal paste (replacing the thermal paste with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/(m·K) with a more effective one with a thermal conductivity of 8.4 W/(m·K) reduced the temperature on the inner surface of the sleeve by only 1 K). The proposed improvement of the feeding section of the cylinder of a single-screw extruder can be applied not only in the polymer processing industry, but also in the food and processing industries in the construction of screw machines for various purposes. Reducing the thermal resistance of the cylinder section wall of the single-screw extruder ensures a reduction in the flow of cooling water circulating in the cylinder channel and equalizes the temperature field along the length of the feeding section of the cylinder, and therefore prevents premature melting of the polymer and ensures reliable generation of pressure in the working channel of the extruder.
{"title":"Study of the modernized single-screw extruder body energy efficiency","authors":"V. Vytvytskyi, Vladyslav Vytvytskyi, Ihor Mikulionok, O. Sokolskyi, Tetiana Shylovych","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294323","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study is the energy efficiency of the polymer extrusion process in a single-screw extruder for the polymer materials processing. The purpose of the research is to improve the design of the feeding section of the single-screw extruder cylinder, which consists in placing thermal paste in the gap between the connecting cylindrical surfaces of the removable cylindrical sleeve and the channel of the feeding section cylinder, which reduces the thermal resistance of the section wall and improves heat transfer from the processed material to the cooling water, and therefore, it makes it possible to reduce its consumption. To check the energy efficiency of the proposed technical solution, thermal calculation of the basic and modernized structures of the feeding section cylinder was performed in the Steady Thermal model of the Ansys program. Polyvinyl chloride brand SorVyl G 2171/9005 11/01 was chosen as a recyclable polymer, alloy steel as the material of the feeding section elements, and thermal paste with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/(m·K) as a filler for the annular space between the cylinder and the sleeve. The analysis of the calculations showed that the use of thermal paste instead of air in the gap between the cylinder and the removable cylindrical sleeve reduces the thermal resistance of the cylinder wall by 9 %, while with the traditional method of assembling the extruder body, the temperature on the inner surface of the sleeve was 67.5 °C, and under the condition application of thermal paste – 61.5 °C. At the same time, the temperature field along the length of the feeding section of the cylinder is also equalized. In addition, it is worth noting that the type of thermal paste used has almost no effect on the thermal resistance of the section wall, so in the proposed design it is possible to use low-cost thermal paste (replacing the thermal paste with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/(m·K) with a more effective one with a thermal conductivity of 8.4 W/(m·K) reduced the temperature on the inner surface of the sleeve by only 1 K). The proposed improvement of the feeding section of the cylinder of a single-screw extruder can be applied not only in the polymer processing industry, but also in the food and processing industries in the construction of screw machines for various purposes. Reducing the thermal resistance of the cylinder section wall of the single-screw extruder ensures a reduction in the flow of cooling water circulating in the cylinder channel and equalizes the temperature field along the length of the feeding section of the cylinder, and therefore prevents premature melting of the polymer and ensures reliable generation of pressure in the working channel of the extruder.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294330
Olena Lavrynenko, M. Zahornyi, V. Vember
Nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide doped with gold in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.8 wt.% were obtained by the sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide and chlorauric acid. Thermal treatment of precipitates at T = 600 °C led to the formation of highly dispersed anatase powders and increasing the temperature to 1000-1200 °C contributed to the formation of well-crystallized rutile particles. The gold in the structure of the powders is heterogeneously distributed. The size of the primary particles of anatase did not exceed 10 nm, and that of rutile reached 35-46 nm, gradually increasing with increasing processing temperature. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2&Au structures were studied during the decolorization of solutions of organic dyes (Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Methyl Orange, Orange G) with a concentration of 20 mg/dm3. The resulting structures did not show significant sorption activity, and visible light caused a slight desorption of the dyes. At the same time, under the influence of UV irradiation for 60 minutes, the decolorization process took place effectively and was subject to a pseudo-first-order reaction. The biggest photocatalytic activity was shown by the sample of anatase with a gold content of 0.8 wt.%. When it was added into the solution, the degree of decolorization of Rhodamine B reached up to 50%, Methyl Orange - up to 81.5%, Methylene Blue - up to 91%, and Orange G - up to 95.2%. Increasing the efficiency of the destruction of dyes can be achieved by supplementing the photo-catalytic process with a catalytic one. Аcknowledgements : Olena Lavrynenko is supported by the PAUSE program, a national emergency program for scientists and artists in exile, run by the Collège de France
通过溶胶-凝胶法，使用四异丙醇钛和氯月桂酸，获得了基于掺杂 0.2 和 0.8 重量%金的二氧化钛的纳米复合材料。在温度为 600 °C 时对沉淀物进行热处理，可形成高度分散的锐钛矿粉末，而将温度升至 1000-1200 °C 则有助于形成结晶良好的金红石颗粒。粉末结构中的金呈异质分布。锐钛矿原生颗粒的尺寸不超过 10 nm，金红石颗粒的尺寸达到 35-46 nm，并随着加工温度的升高而逐渐增大。在对浓度为 20 mg/dm3 的有机染料（亚甲基蓝、罗丹明 B、甲基橙、橙 G）溶液进行脱色时，研究了 TiO2&Au 结构的光催化特性。结果表明，这种结构没有显示出明显的吸附活性，可见光会导致染料轻微解吸。同时，在紫外线照射 60 分钟的影响下，脱色过程有效进行，并发生了伪一阶反应。金含量为 0.8 wt.% 的锐钛矿样品的光催化活性最高。在溶液中加入金后，罗丹明 B 的脱色率高达 50%，甲基橙的脱色率高达 81.5%，亚甲蓝的脱色率高达 91%，橙 G 的脱色率高达 95.2%。在光催化过程中辅以催化过程，可以提高销毁染料的效率。 致谢 ：奥列娜-拉夫连年科（Olena Lavrynenko）得到了法兰西学院为流亡科学家和艺术家实施的国家紧急计划 PAUSE 计划的支持。
{"title":"Photocatalytic destruction of organic dyes by titanium dioxide particles doped with gold","authors":"Olena Lavrynenko, M. Zahornyi, V. Vember","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294330","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide doped with gold in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.8 wt.% were obtained by the sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide and chlorauric acid. Thermal treatment of precipitates at T = 600 °C led to the formation of highly dispersed anatase powders and increasing the temperature to 1000-1200 °C contributed to the formation of well-crystallized rutile particles. The gold in the structure of the powders is heterogeneously distributed. The size of the primary particles of anatase did not exceed 10 nm, and that of rutile reached 35-46 nm, gradually increasing with increasing processing temperature. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2&Au structures were studied during the decolorization of solutions of organic dyes (Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Methyl Orange, Orange G) with a concentration of 20 mg/dm3. The resulting structures did not show significant sorption activity, and visible light caused a slight desorption of the dyes. At the same time, under the influence of UV irradiation for 60 minutes, the decolorization process took place effectively and was subject to a pseudo-first-order reaction. The biggest photocatalytic activity was shown by the sample of anatase with a gold content of 0.8 wt.%. When it was added into the solution, the degree of decolorization of Rhodamine B reached up to 50%, Methyl Orange - up to 81.5%, Methylene Blue - up to 91%, and Orange G - up to 95.2%. Increasing the efficiency of the destruction of dyes can be achieved by supplementing the photo-catalytic process with a catalytic one. Аcknowledgements : Olena Lavrynenko is supported by the PAUSE program, a national emergency program for scientists and artists in exile, run by the Collège de France","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294327
V. Vember, Olena Hlushko, Olena Lavrynenko, Sofiia Isniuk
The work is devoted to the search for promising test systems for ecological monitoring of surface waters by comparing the effectiveness of detecting low concentrations of various types of pesticides in the aquatic environment by traditional morphological and biochemical research methods. Allium cepa L. and the hydatophyte plant Elodea canadensis Michx. were used as test objects because it is immersed in the aquatic environment during its entire life cycle and is in the most complete contact with all the toxicants present in the water. It was found that the traditionally used test reactions of plants cannot always reflect a potentially dangerous exceedance of the MPC of toxicants in the aquatic environment. The possibility of using catalase activity as a sensitive bioassay for the presence of low concentrations of herbicides with different mechanisms of action in the water environment was investigated. Correlation analysis has been conducted, and Pearson's coefficients have been calculated to quantify the relationship between the concentration of herbicides present in water and the degree of manifestation of test reactions by the research objects. The highest level of correlation between the increase in the concentration of herbicides in water and the test reactions of elodea was demonstrated by biochemical indicators, and the higher significance of the correlation was observed at 4-day exposure of plants in the presence of the herbicide.
{"title":"Biochemical indicators used in ecological monitoring of surface waters","authors":"V. Vember, Olena Hlushko, Olena Lavrynenko, Sofiia Isniuk","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294327","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the search for promising test systems for ecological monitoring of surface waters by comparing the effectiveness of detecting low concentrations of various types of pesticides in the aquatic environment by traditional morphological and biochemical research methods. Allium cepa L. and the hydatophyte plant Elodea canadensis Michx. were used as test objects because it is immersed in the aquatic environment during its entire life cycle and is in the most complete contact with all the toxicants present in the water. It was found that the traditionally used test reactions of plants cannot always reflect a potentially dangerous exceedance of the MPC of toxicants in the aquatic environment. The possibility of using catalase activity as a sensitive bioassay for the presence of low concentrations of herbicides with different mechanisms of action in the water environment was investigated. Correlation analysis has been conducted, and Pearson's coefficients have been calculated to quantify the relationship between the concentration of herbicides present in water and the degree of manifestation of test reactions by the research objects. The highest level of correlation between the increase in the concentration of herbicides in water and the test reactions of elodea was demonstrated by biochemical indicators, and the higher significance of the correlation was observed at 4-day exposure of plants in the presence of the herbicide.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294331
M.M. Kosmyna, Yuliia Nosachova
Corrosion is a phenomenon that strongly affects many industries. Everything related to metallurgy, shipbuilding, or the oil industry is negatively affected by corrosion processes. This is a big problem, because the number of industrial accidents due to corrosion reaches more than 75%. Therefore, in this work, the effectiveness of inhibition of corrosion processes in mineralized water-oil environments was investigated in detail. The main goal of the article is to study the regularity of corrosion processes in water-oil media of different composition and at different temperature regimes for effective selection of the inhibition mechanism and type of corrosion inhibitor. An effective method of reducing the impact of corrosion processes today is the use of inhibitors. This is expedient not only from the point of view of the effectiveness of the action, but also from the point of view of economic expediency. Inhibitors are added to corrosive environments in order to stop or reduce corrosion processes. They can be used as protective barriers that form a protective layer, and as absorbers that prevent oxidation processes. In the future, the type of inhibitor is selected depending on the type of metal and the conditions of the reactions responsible for the occurrence and course of corrosion. Currently, the use of corrosion inhibitors is recognized as the most effective way to reduce the intensity of corrosion destruction of metal structures. At the same time, it is impossible to obtain a universal inhibitor that meets the requirements of high efficiency, manufacturability, toxicological safety, and at the same time is obtained in an economically feasible way. Among various corrosion inhibitors, organic ones have shown their effectiveness in protecting low-alloy steels of oil industry equipment. Metal samples of St20 steel, the most widely used for the manufacture of oil pipelines and oil production equipment, were used as corroding materials in the study. The pH was changed by adding a solution of acetic acid. The degree of corrosion was determined by the massometric method. The volume of the test solution was 150 cm3, the pH of the solution was adjusted with a 5% acetic acid solution. Alkylimidozoline was used as an inhibitor. Judging by the research results, the mineral composition of the aqueous solution largely affects the rate of corrosion. The presence of oil significantly reduces the rate of corrosion due to both blocking the access of oxygen to the system by the oil film and due to the corrosion inertness of the chemical components of the oil. However, it was also found that with an increase in the content of carboxylic acids, the presence of oil does not affect the corrosion rate in any way. Arguably, the alkylamidazoline inhibitor showed a high degree of protection at room temperature, in contrast to studies at high temperatures.
{"title":"Study of the effectiveness of inhibiting corrosion processes in mineralized water-oil environments","authors":"M.M. Kosmyna, Yuliia Nosachova","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294331","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion is a phenomenon that strongly affects many industries. Everything related to metallurgy, shipbuilding, or the oil industry is negatively affected by corrosion processes. This is a big problem, because the number of industrial accidents due to corrosion reaches more than 75%. Therefore, in this work, the effectiveness of inhibition of corrosion processes in mineralized water-oil environments was investigated in detail. The main goal of the article is to study the regularity of corrosion processes in water-oil media of different composition and at different temperature regimes for effective selection of the inhibition mechanism and type of corrosion inhibitor. An effective method of reducing the impact of corrosion processes today is the use of inhibitors. This is expedient not only from the point of view of the effectiveness of the action, but also from the point of view of economic expediency. Inhibitors are added to corrosive environments in order to stop or reduce corrosion processes. They can be used as protective barriers that form a protective layer, and as absorbers that prevent oxidation processes. In the future, the type of inhibitor is selected depending on the type of metal and the conditions of the reactions responsible for the occurrence and course of corrosion. Currently, the use of corrosion inhibitors is recognized as the most effective way to reduce the intensity of corrosion destruction of metal structures. At the same time, it is impossible to obtain a universal inhibitor that meets the requirements of high efficiency, manufacturability, toxicological safety, and at the same time is obtained in an economically feasible way. Among various corrosion inhibitors, organic ones have shown their effectiveness in protecting low-alloy steels of oil industry equipment. Metal samples of St20 steel, the most widely used for the manufacture of oil pipelines and oil production equipment, were used as corroding materials in the study. The pH was changed by adding a solution of acetic acid. The degree of corrosion was determined by the massometric method. The volume of the test solution was 150 cm3, the pH of the solution was adjusted with a 5% acetic acid solution. Alkylimidozoline was used as an inhibitor. Judging by the research results, the mineral composition of the aqueous solution largely affects the rate of corrosion. The presence of oil significantly reduces the rate of corrosion due to both blocking the access of oxygen to the system by the oil film and due to the corrosion inertness of the chemical components of the oil. However, it was also found that with an increase in the content of carboxylic acids, the presence of oil does not affect the corrosion rate in any way. Arguably, the alkylamidazoline inhibitor showed a high degree of protection at room temperature, in contrast to studies at high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294325
Redrikh Putiatin, Аnatolii Zhuchenko
Feasibility of model predictive control is shown based on the analysis of the existing control systems for carbonaceous products burning of the carbon graphite production. The considered restrictions that should be imposed on the control to ensure, on the one hand, the required duration of the burning process to achieve the required conditions by all the blanks and, on the other hand, to prevent overheating of the blanks, which leads to an excess of the permissible temperature difference in the blanks and, therefore, to product defects. The mathematical formulation of the control problem is shown, the purpose of which is to increase the energy efficiency of the burning process, considering structural and technological limitations.
{"title":"The control problem of the burning process carbonaceous products","authors":"Redrikh Putiatin, Аnatolii Zhuchenko","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294325","url":null,"abstract":"Feasibility of model predictive control is shown based on the analysis of the existing control systems for carbonaceous products burning of the carbon graphite production. The considered restrictions that should be imposed on the control to ensure, on the one hand, the required duration of the burning process to achieve the required conditions by all the blanks and, on the other hand, to prevent overheating of the blanks, which leads to an excess of the permissible temperature difference in the blanks and, therefore, to product defects. The mathematical formulation of the control problem is shown, the purpose of which is to increase the energy efficiency of the burning process, considering structural and technological limitations.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article emphasizes that processing and disposal of household waste mainly concerns large densely populated cities, where millions of cubic meters of solid household waste (MSW) are accumulated annually. It was noted that thermal methods of solid waste disposal are among the most advanced methods of their processing. The advantage of these methods is a significant reduction in the volume of processed material. When waste is burned, its weight is reduced by 85-90%. In addition to reducing the volume and mass of waste, incineration of household waste allows you to obtain additional energy resources. Indicators of the amount of heat of combustion of MSW are similar to indicators of brown coal - from 1000 to 3000 kcal/kg. To date, existing waste incineration plants have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is low efficiency. The rate of useful use of thermal energy does not exceed 65%, even with the use of a more advanced property. The combustion processes themselves, the formation and composition of ash residues are affected by a large number of factors, starting with the properties and characteristics of the fuel, the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials, the parameters of the combustion process, the dispersed size of the fuel, the type of reactor, and the level of oxygen in the working area. Thus, the selection of the range of temperatures and pressures, the rate of heating of the gas medium for the thermogravimetric method of disposal of carbon-containing waste plays a decisive role in overcoming the shortcomings of this method. The purpose of the article is the development of a thermogravitational installation for studying the peculiarities of the flow of kinetic processes during the combustion of MSW samples. The article presents the development of an experimental thermogravitational unit for researching processes of thermochemical processing of carbon-containing alternative fuels with wide possibilities, which allows to study the influence of technological parameters on the combustion process. A description of the main nodes and the measurement system, the methodology of the experiment and the analysis of the obtained data is given. A series of experiments was conducted with all the main components of solid waste: wood, food waste (potatoes, meat), office and chart paper, leather, garden waste, tetrapak, plastic. It is shown that the nature of the mass change curves of various components practically does not depend on their chemical composition and is determined mainly by the staged course of the combustion process, and the latter, in turn, by the rate of heating of the sample, the only exception being the combustion of plastic. The oxidation time of all components, except plastic, after reaching the temperature of the beginning of combustion (~ 200-250, sometimes 300 °С) is from 5-7 to 40-50 minutes, while the intensive combustion of plastic ends in 1 minute. It was determined that the composition and thermo
{"title":"Research of processes of thermochemical disposal of components of the morphological composition and model analogs of MSW","authors":"Oleksandr Snihur, Yurii Marchuk, Oleksii Sezonenko, Viktoriia Kovbasyuk, Olena Ivanenko, Kyryl Nosachov","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2023.294326","url":null,"abstract":"The article emphasizes that processing and disposal of household waste mainly concerns large densely populated cities, where millions of cubic meters of solid household waste (MSW) are accumulated annually. It was noted that thermal methods of solid waste disposal are among the most advanced methods of their processing. The advantage of these methods is a significant reduction in the volume of processed material. When waste is burned, its weight is reduced by 85-90%. In addition to reducing the volume and mass of waste, incineration of household waste allows you to obtain additional energy resources. Indicators of the amount of heat of combustion of MSW are similar to indicators of brown coal - from 1000 to 3000 kcal/kg. To date, existing waste incineration plants have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is low efficiency. The rate of useful use of thermal energy does not exceed 65%, even with the use of a more advanced property. The combustion processes themselves, the formation and composition of ash residues are affected by a large number of factors, starting with the properties and characteristics of the fuel, the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials, the parameters of the combustion process, the dispersed size of the fuel, the type of reactor, and the level of oxygen in the working area. Thus, the selection of the range of temperatures and pressures, the rate of heating of the gas medium for the thermogravimetric method of disposal of carbon-containing waste plays a decisive role in overcoming the shortcomings of this method. The purpose of the article is the development of a thermogravitational installation for studying the peculiarities of the flow of kinetic processes during the combustion of MSW samples. The article presents the development of an experimental thermogravitational unit for researching processes of thermochemical processing of carbon-containing alternative fuels with wide possibilities, which allows to study the influence of technological parameters on the combustion process. A description of the main nodes and the measurement system, the methodology of the experiment and the analysis of the obtained data is given. A series of experiments was conducted with all the main components of solid waste: wood, food waste (potatoes, meat), office and chart paper, leather, garden waste, tetrapak, plastic. It is shown that the nature of the mass change curves of various components practically does not depend on their chemical composition and is determined mainly by the staged course of the combustion process, and the latter, in turn, by the rate of heating of the sample, the only exception being the combustion of plastic. The oxidation time of all components, except plastic, after reaching the temperature of the beginning of combustion (~ 200-250, sometimes 300 °С) is from 5-7 to 40-50 minutes, while the intensive combustion of plastic ends in 1 minute. It was determined that the composition and thermo","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283515
I. Andreiev
The purpose of the article is to improve the strength calculation of the tube plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which is regulated by the interstate standard in force in Ukraine. On the basis of standard tables, dot plots of the change in coefficients were constructed and analyzed, which take into account the supporting effect of pipes Ф1, Ф2, Ф3 depending on the dimensionless parameter of the board-pipe system ω and the dependence of the stiffness coefficient of the perforated board on the coefficient of pressure effect on the tube plate from the side of the tube space ηТ. It is proposed to approximate these dependencies with simple mathematical equations. As a result, it was proposed to use the cubic regression Ф1 = 0,0422ω3 + 0,2305ω2 – 0,2367ω + 2,0179 to describe the dependence of Ф1 = f1(ω) in the range of ω from 0 to 3 and when changing ω from 3 to 11, apply quadratic regression Ф1 = – 0,0286ω2 + 1,8012ω – 0,6171. The dependence of Ф2 = f2(ω) in the range of changing ω from 0 to 0,5 due to a slight change in the function can be described by the linear equation Ф2 = 0.04ω, when changing ω from 0,5 to 2 - by the cubic regression Ф2 = 0,0133ω3 + 0,48ω2 – 0,4033ω + 0,1, and when changing ω from 2 to 11 – by cubic regression Ф2 = 0,0046ω3 – 0,1129ω2 + 1,8692ω – 1,8821. The dependence Ф3 = f3(ω) in the range of ω change from 0 to 0,5 is described by the linear equation Ф3 = 0,38ω, when ω changes from 0,5 to 3 – by cubic regression Ф3 = – 0,2296ω3 + 1,3541ω2 – 0,4884ω + 0,1233, and when ω changes from 3 to 11 – cubic regression Ф3 = – 0,0054ω3 + 0,1060ω2 + 0,7576ω + 1,6129. The discrete tabular dependence of ψ0 on ηТ can be approximated by cubic regression ψ0 = – 0,3419ηТ3 + 1,8834ηТ2 – 0,6915ηТ + 0,1153. The obtained formulas make it possible to abandon the use of standard tables and additional interpolation of intermediate values of the coefficients Ф1, Ф2, Ф3 and ψ0 when performing calculations, which in turn simplifies both the calculation itself and the development of appropriate computer programs. The average value of the errors of the performed approximations is in the range from 0% to 2.05%, which indicates a high level of coincidence of the regression equations with the actual values. The use of the proposed formulas for the dependences of the coefficients Ф1 = f1(ω), Ф2 = f2(ω), Ф3 = f3(ω) and ψ0 = f(ηТ) makes it possible to simplify the calculation of the tube plate of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for strength.
{"title":"Improvement of the strength calculation of the tube plate of the shell-tube heat exchanger","authors":"I. Andreiev","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283515","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to improve the strength calculation of the tube plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which is regulated by the interstate standard in force in Ukraine.\u0000On the basis of standard tables, dot plots of the change in coefficients were constructed and analyzed, which take into account the supporting effect of pipes Ф1, Ф2, Ф3 depending on the dimensionless parameter of the board-pipe system ω and the dependence of the stiffness coefficient of the perforated board on the coefficient of pressure effect on the tube plate from the side of the tube space ηТ. It is proposed to approximate these dependencies with simple mathematical equations.\u0000As a result, it was proposed to use the cubic regression Ф1 = 0,0422ω3 + 0,2305ω2 – 0,2367ω + 2,0179 to describe the dependence of Ф1 = f1(ω) in the range of ω from 0 to 3 and when changing ω from 3 to 11, apply quadratic regression Ф1 = – 0,0286ω2 + 1,8012ω – 0,6171. The dependence of Ф2 = f2(ω) in the range of changing ω from 0 to 0,5 due to a slight change in the function can be described by the linear equation Ф2 = 0.04ω, when changing ω from 0,5 to 2 - by the cubic regression Ф2 = 0,0133ω3 + 0,48ω2 – 0,4033ω + 0,1, and when changing ω from 2 to 11 – by cubic regression Ф2 = 0,0046ω3 – 0,1129ω2 + 1,8692ω – 1,8821. The dependence Ф3 = f3(ω) in the range of ω change from 0 to 0,5 is described by the linear equation Ф3 = 0,38ω, when ω changes from 0,5 to 3 – by cubic regression Ф3 = – 0,2296ω3 + 1,3541ω2 – 0,4884ω + 0,1233, and when ω changes from 3 to 11 – cubic regression Ф3 = – 0,0054ω3 + 0,1060ω2 + 0,7576ω + 1,6129. The discrete tabular dependence of ψ0 on ηТ can be approximated by cubic regression ψ0 = – 0,3419ηТ3 + 1,8834ηТ2 – 0,6915ηТ + 0,1153. \u0000The obtained formulas make it possible to abandon the use of standard tables and additional interpolation of intermediate values of the coefficients Ф1, Ф2, Ф3 and ψ0 when performing calculations, which in turn simplifies both the calculation itself and the development of appropriate computer programs.\u0000The average value of the errors of the performed approximations is in the range from 0% to 2.05%, which indicates a high level of coincidence of the regression equations with the actual values.\u0000The use of the proposed formulas for the dependences of the coefficients Ф1 = f1(ω), Ф2 = f2(ω), Ф3 = f3(ω) and ψ0 = f(ηТ) makes it possible to simplify the calculation of the tube plate of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for strength.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75387546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283524
Volodymyr Sivetskyi, O. Sokolskyi, Oleksiy Malchevskyi
Mixing processes play an important role in the processing of polymer materials, because the quality of the mixing of the polymer material depends on its level of homogeneity, which in turn affects the quality of the final product. It is another matter when the polymer material consists of two or more components, in this case, the issue of the process of obtaining a homogeneous polymer composition becomes extremely acute. In order to improve the quality of the final product and justify the design and technological parameters of the mixing zone, it is necessary to investigate the regularity of the quality of mixing in a dynamic mixer of the CTM worm extruder type. According to existing works on determining the quality of mixing of polymeric material, the difference in concentrations of one of the components in different cross-sections along the length of the channel can be used as a criterion for homogeneity of mixing. Numerical modeling of the process of mixing the polymer composition in the dynamic mixer installed in the dosing zone of the worm extruder, which is equipped with an additional injection device that supplies the additional component to the dynamic mixing zone through the injection channel located in the body of the worm extruder, was carried out. Calculations were carried out on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS software complex. A mathematical model of the process of mixing the polymer composition in a dynamic mixer of the CTM type of a worm extruder with the addition of an additional component, which is identical in density and viscosity to the main polymer material and can differ only in a certain feature that does not affect the properties of the components, such as color, has been developed. Moreover, the properties were set in such a way that the temperature distribution of the mixture was completely determined by the convective component, that is, it resulted only from the conditions of the mechanical movement of the volumes of the components. The dependence of the homogeneity of the polymer composition as a result of mixing on the technological and design parameters of the dynamic mixer of the CTM type was obtained. The research was carried out at different speeds of rotation of the mixer rotor and at different speeds of supplying the additional component. The movement of the components of the mixture was determined by their flow rate at the entrance to the main channel and at the entrance to the additional injection channel. The most optimal technical characteristics were selected in order to achieve the best level of uniformity.
{"title":"Modeling of mixing process of the polymer composition in the dynamic mixer of the worm extruder","authors":"Volodymyr Sivetskyi, O. Sokolskyi, Oleksiy Malchevskyi","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283524","url":null,"abstract":"Mixing processes play an important role in the processing of polymer materials, because the quality of the mixing of the polymer material depends on its level of homogeneity, which in turn affects the quality of the final product. It is another matter when the polymer material consists of two or more components, in this case, the issue of the process of obtaining a homogeneous polymer composition becomes extremely acute. In order to improve the quality of the final product and justify the design and technological parameters of the mixing zone, it is necessary to investigate the regularity of the quality of mixing in a dynamic mixer of the CTM worm extruder type. \u0000According to existing works on determining the quality of mixing of polymeric material, the difference in concentrations of one of the components in different cross-sections along the length of the channel can be used as a criterion for homogeneity of mixing. \u0000Numerical modeling of the process of mixing the polymer composition in the dynamic mixer installed in the dosing zone of the worm extruder, which is equipped with an additional injection device that supplies the additional component to the dynamic mixing zone through the injection channel located in the body of the worm extruder, was carried out. Calculations were carried out on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS software complex. \u0000A mathematical model of the process of mixing the polymer composition in a dynamic mixer of the CTM type of a worm extruder with the addition of an additional component, which is identical in density and viscosity to the main polymer material and can differ only in a certain feature that does not affect the properties of the components, such as color, has been developed. Moreover, the properties were set in such a way that the temperature distribution of the mixture was completely determined by the convective component, that is, it resulted only from the conditions of the mechanical movement of the volumes of the components. \u0000The dependence of the homogeneity of the polymer composition as a result of mixing on the technological and design parameters of the dynamic mixer of the CTM type was obtained. The research was carried out at different speeds of rotation of the mixer rotor and at different speeds of supplying the additional component. The movement of the components of the mixture was determined by their flow rate at the entrance to the main channel and at the entrance to the additional injection channel. \u0000The most optimal technical characteristics were selected in order to achieve the best level of uniformity.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77412939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283527
B. Shabalin
Based on the strategy of Ukraine in the energy industry for the period until 2035, advanced reactor technologies should be chosen for construction of new nuclear power units to replace the nuclear power plants that will be decommissioned. Currently, high-capacity water-water reactors AP1000 and small modular reactors NuScale -iPWR and/or SMR-160, which are highly secure and cost-effective, are considered promising. Among a number of criteria for the selection of nuclear power plant reactor technologies, the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, which directly affect radiation and environmental safety and all stages of the existing nuclear fuel cycle in Ukraine, is of great importance. Based on published data, the author analysed and summarized prospects of development of water-water SMR technologies (NuScale -iPWR and SMR-160), their advantages and disadvantages, the evaluation criteria of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive waste generated during operation and decommissioning of reactors, and problems of waste disposal.
{"title":"Strategy for the management of used nuclear fuel and radioactive waste of small water-water modular reactors","authors":"B. Shabalin","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2023.283527","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the strategy of Ukraine in the energy industry for the period until 2035, advanced reactor technologies should be chosen for construction of new nuclear power units to replace the nuclear power plants that will be decommissioned. Currently, high-capacity water-water reactors AP1000 and small modular reactors NuScale -iPWR and/or SMR-160, which are highly secure and cost-effective, are considered promising. Among a number of criteria for the selection of nuclear power plant reactor technologies, the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, which directly affect radiation and environmental safety and all stages of the existing nuclear fuel cycle in Ukraine, is of great importance. Based on published data, the author analysed and summarized prospects of development of water-water SMR technologies (NuScale -iPWR and SMR-160), their advantages and disadvantages, the evaluation criteria of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive waste generated during operation and decommissioning of reactors, and problems of waste disposal.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88068069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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